Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Verbal Fluency In Women With The Fmr1 Premutation And The Broad Autism Phenotype, Emily Szabo

Theses and Dissertations

Women who carry a premutation allele on the FMR1 gene can experience limitations due to their genetic status, including executive function deficits. These subtle deficits are often shared by women who possess the broad autism phenotype (BAP). Poor understanding and limited research on the extent of these executive functioning deficits has led to limited clinical management of these two groups. The current study aimed to clarity whether there is a difference in verbal fluency abilities in mothers that possess the FMR1 premutation, mothers of children with autism who are at risk for the BAP, and mothers of typically developing children, …

A Cost Effectiveness Analysis Of The Nutritious Eating With Soul Study, Mary Jones Wilson

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE Historically, African Americans (AA) have been underrepresented in nutritionrelated behavioral research despite their disproportionate higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Nutritious Eating with Soul (NEW Soul) Study is one of the first of its kind to recruit an AA only study group to examine CVD prevention via a clinical trial to examine changes in CVD risk factors across two cohorts who are randomly assigned to a plant-based, soul food vegan diet or low-fat omnivorous (omni) diet. The purpose of cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) is to inform clinical and policy decisions and the costs of interventions that society is …

An Analysis Of Mental State Verbs In Children With Hearing Loss, Morgan Vachio

Theses and Dissertations

Mental state verbs (MSV) require unique cognitive and linguistic knowledge compared to lower level function words (Shatz et al., 1983). These cognitive and linguistic demands are thought to be difficult for children with hearing loss (CHL) due to deficits in word learning (Werfel, 2017; Lund, 2016), limited depth of vocabulary knowledge (Walker et al., 2018) and deficits in complex syntax (Werfel et al., 2021). The present study recruited 73 preschool children (23 CHLCI, 22 CHL-HA and 28 CNH) to participate. Our analysis examined the frequency, lexical diversity and use of MSV within required complex syntax structures.

Neural Synchrony During Naturalistic Language Perception In Listeners With Aphasia, Lisa Johnson Norris

Theses and Dissertations

Neural synchrony across listeners during language processing has been found to be associated with successful comprehension in neurotypical adults. At initial presentation of auditory-visual stimuli, neural responses appear to oscillate in different rhythms across brain regions. As the stimulus progresses, the time course of neural activity synchronizes across listeners, particularly in primary auditory and visual processing regions. This phenomenon, which we refer to as ‘neural entrainment,’ has been observed in neurotypical individuals attending to the same stimulus. Neural synchrony occurs due to the inherent neural response elicited by a stimulus and has been shown to be consistent across participants in …

Lexical Properties Of Perceptual Errors Made By Younger And Older Adults Listening To Speech In Multitalker Babble, Hannah Blythe Vickery

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this error analysis was to analyze the lexical properties of misperceptions made when listening to speech in multitalker babble.

Methods: Twenty young adults with normal hearing (YNH), 20 older adults with normal hearing (ONH), and 22 older adults with hearing impairment (OHI) completed a speech-in-babble task. Participants were asked to repeat the final word in 25 high and 25 low context sentences. On each trial, participants either responded with the correct target word, a misperception error, or skipped the trial response. Misperceptions were compiled and analyzed according to their lexical properties.

Results: Results of this study …

Examining The Cost And Quality Relationship In Medicare, Alexandria Fleming Delage

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost and quality of care dynamic among physicians billing under Medicare Fee for Service in 2018 to examine the relationship between quality and total cost of care at the physician level. Examining this relationship will advance scientific knowledge regarding the impact of increasing high value service use on healthcare costs and will provide insight in terms of expected cost outcomes of quality programs for healthcare policymakers (Salmond and Echevarria 2017; Williams, Brown, and Healy 2018).

Methods.

The study used publicly available data sets provided by the Center for Medicare and …

Diabetes, Anti-Diabetic Medication Use, And The Risk Of Ovarian Cancer, Chantaezia Joseph

Theses and Dissertations

Background- Although ovarian cancer is a rare disease, it is the 5th leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States. Diabetes is a serious chronic disease that plagues over 436 million adults worldwide and was ranked 7th in causes of death in the US in 2017. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that diabetes may lead to an increased risk of ovarian cancer due to shared risk factors such as sedentary behaviors, smoking and poor diet or through biological mechanisms related to hyperglycemia and obesity, but the epidemiologic evidence yields mixed results. Certain anti-diabetic medications may increase the risk …

Intersection Of Maternal Disability Status, Prescription Opioid Use Before And During Pregnancy, And Adverse Birth Outcomes, Chelsea Lynes Richard

Theses and Dissertations

Nationally, individuals with disability, like those with chronic health conditions, have higher rates of opioid use and misuse and are prescribed higher dosages than those without disability. Because opioid agonists and antagonists can cross the placenta rapidly, there is biological plausibility that they may have an impact on birth outcomes. Therefore, monitoring prescription opioid use, particularly among pregnant women, is of great public health importance. While evidence for the impact of opioid use on preterm birth and low birthweight are conflicting; findings are consistent that opioid use during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of small for gestational age, …

Computational Study Of Drug Interactions Of Receptors, Specifically Glycoprotein D Of Human Herpes Virus 1 And Dopamine D4 Receptor, Griffin Fountain

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis introduces computer-aided drug design methods in Chapter 1 and discuss their applications on two receptors in Chapters 2 and 3: Glycoprotein D (gD) of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) and Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4). The Herpes Simplex Virus is a human pathogen that develops unpleasant cold sores around the body, most commonly around the mouth, neck or genitals area. Currently there is no cure or vaccine that can eliminate this virus. Glycoprotein D (gD) is a viral ligand for host cell receptors such as nectin -1. This interaction mediates the entry of HSV-1. In chapter 2, we used …

The Experiences Of Women As Latinx Osteopathic Medical Students, Dana L. Weiss

Theses and Dissertations

In existing literature, researchers have predominantly examined issues related to minoritized groups by juxtaposing differences and outcomes among groups without attention to the diversity of experiences, challenges and strengths. This has had a limiting focus on the experiences specific to women as Latinx medical students, and has created a gap which restricts knowledge about experiences of perceived support and barriers within osteopathic medical school. This research provided an opportunity to think more deeply and critically about the experiences for women as Latinx osteopathic medical students. The data collected in this qualitative phenomenological study was gathered from participants as they narrated …

Critical Access Hospital Nurses' Perceptions Of Obstacles And Helpful Behaviors In End-Of-Life Care, Trissa Michelle Lyman

Theses and Dissertations

Background: The Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) system was developed to bring health care to rural populations. Although CAHs lack equipment and resources, CAH nurses still provide end-of-life (EOL) care to critically-ill and dying patients. Objectives: To determine the largest and smallest ranked obstacles and helpful behaviors to providing EOL care to rural patients as perceived by CAH nurses. Also, to determine how CAH nurses' perceptions of obstacles and helpful behaviors to providing EOL care compare to that of their urban counterparts. Methods: A cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of nurses working in 39 CAHs were sent a questionnaire. Nurse participants were …

Behavioral Analysis Of Conditions And Treatments Affecting Movement And Nociception, Indu Mithra Madhuranthakam

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis work includes three projects. First part deals with the investigation of novel D2 receptor ligands in Prepulse inhibition. The goal of this study is to establish a relationship between dopamine receptor antagonists and agonists and prepulse inhibition which can then serve as a working model for an in-vivo efficacy of novel dopamine D2 drugs. The second part of the thesis work deals with Niemann pick disease type C. Niemann pick disease type C is a progressive genetic disorder that is characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of lipids which causes neurodegeneration, dementia, ataxia, and death. NPC1_nmf164 mutant mice …

Effectiveness Of A Vaccination Education Module For College Freshman, Gavin Robert Behunin

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate a vaccination education module and evaluate its effectiveness to improve vaccine beliefs and behaviors among college freshmen. The participants included 177 college freshmen at one Utah university. Participants were eligible for this study if admitted as a new freshman during the 2019-2020 school year. The study was a cross-sectional pre- and post-education evaluation assessing vaccine beliefs and behaviors using a Likert-type scale. After completing the vaccination education module, participants' vaccine beliefs and behavioral intentions improved. Participants reported they were more likely to be up-to-date on personal vaccines and more likely to expect …

Correlations Between Cognitive Pause Patterns And Listener Perceptions Of Communicative Effectiveness And Likeability For People With Aphasia, Heidi Raylene Mcconaghie

Theses and Dissertations

A prevalent feature of typical spontaneous speech are speech pauses. Longer speech pauses, known as cognitive pauses, occur in typical speech and are indicative of higher-level cognitive processes. Atypical cognitive pauses, however, are prevalent in the speech of people with aphasia consequent to their communication disorder. Research has shown that these atypical pauses may contribute to negative listener perceptions. This study aimed to determine the influence of atypical speech pause on listener perceptions of communicative effectiveness and speaker likeability. Specifically, this study evaluated the relationship between listener ratings of communicative effectiveness and likeability and acoustic measures of between-utterance pause duration, …

The Influence Of Pause On Listeners' Perceptions In Speech Of People With Aphasia, Emily Wright

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine how varying pause lengths in speech of people with aphasia (PWA) influences listeners' perceptions. The study specifically assesses listeners' perceptions of communicative effectiveness and speaker likability. Speech samples from six people with nonfluent or fluent aphasia were obtained from a previous study conducted by Harmon (2018). The speech samples were modified to create four sets of stimuli, including the original recordings, normalized within utterance pauses, normalized between utterance pauses, and normalized for both within and between utterance pauses. Forty listeners rated each of the speech samples based on the perceived communicative effectiveness …

Formulation Of Coffee Extract As Polymeric Nanoparticles And Studying Their Potential Biological Activities, Nouran Sharaf

Theses and Dissertations

Coffee extract was prepared and optimized (by solvent extraction) and subsequently entrapped into PLGA nanoparticles using single emulsion-solvent evaporation method (using Design Expert software). Dynamic Light Scattering, Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy and Folin Ciocalteau assay were used to characterize the NPs and to aid in selecting the optimum formulation conditions. The optimized NPs were in-vitro evaluated for their antimicrobial (by agar-well diffusion method), antioxidant (by DPPH assay) and anticancer (by MTT assay) activities. Finally, the release rate study was conducted for the NP sample showing the highly promising results.

The succeeded NP sample, in terms of the most …

Impact Of Intracellular Glutathione Depletion On Neutral Sphingomyelinase In Human Hepatoma Hepg2 Cells, Marie Tanios

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing dramaticallyandliver cancer is the fifth most common cancer globally. Increasing sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis via activation of the cell surface membrane-associated neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) has been linked to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Glutathione (GSH) depletion was reported to mediate induction of apoptosis via nSMase activation. On the other hand, other studies reported that GSH protected cancer cells against apoptosis. We hypothesized that GSH synthesis inhibition with buthioninesulfoximine (BSO) increases HepG2 cell proliferation. Objectives: The aim of the current study wasto investigate the effect of GSH depletion using BSO on HepG2 cell proliferation …

Cilësia E Jetës Te Pacientët Me Diabet Tip 2, Arta Rama

Theses and Dissertations

Hyrja: Diabeti mellitus i tipit 2 (T2DM) është një problem global shëndetësor në zgjerim, i lidhur ngushtë me epideminë e mbipeshes. Individët me diabet mellitus tip 2 janë në rrezik të lartë për të dy ndërlikimet mikrovaskulare (përfshirë retinopatinë, nefropatinë dhe neuropatinë) dhe komplikimet makrovaskulare (të tilla si sëmundjet kardiovaskulare) për shkak të hiperglikemisë dhe përbërësve individualë të sindromës së rezistencës ndaj insulinës (metabolike).

Qëllimi: Ky punim ka për qëllim ngritjen e cilësisë së jetës te personat që vuajnë nga diabeti mellitus tip 2, pra përmirësimin e jetesës, këshillimin që të mirren me sporte të ndryshme, përfshirë këtu ecjen …

Hipertensioni Arterial Dhe Njohuritë E Të Semurëve Në Lidhje Me Dietën Dhe Stilin E Jetesës, Kaltrina Rexhepi Rizani

Theses and Dissertations

Hipertensioni është një problem serioz me ndikim të rëndësishme për individët, familjet, komunitetin dhe shërbimet shëndetësore. Hipertensioni arterial përcaktohet rritja e presionit të gjakut përmbi vlerat që konsiderohen normale. Sipas kritereve të përcaktuara nga OBSH (Organizata botërore e shëndetit) vlerat normale të presionit arterial janë rreth 140 mmHg, ndërsa presioni diastolik duhet ti ketë vlerat rreth 90 mmHg. Dihet se presioni arterial nuk është konstant dhe në periudha të ndryshme gjatë ditës ndryshon nga vlerat më të larta gjatë sistolës në vlerat më të ulëta gjatë diastolës së zemrës. Qëllimi i këtij studimi është të kuptojmë se cilët janë faktorët …

Ndikimi I Mjedisit Në Sëmundjet Kronike Obstruktive Të Mushkërive Dhe Shëndeti, Fitore Salihi

Theses and Dissertations

Sëmundja kronike obstruktive e mushkërive (SKOM) është shkaku kryesor i sëmundshmërisë dhe vdekshmërisë në të gjithë botën. Zhvillimi dhe përkeqësimi i SKOM ndikohen nga faktorët e mjedisit. Pirja e duhanit e cigareve është një faktor kryesor i rrezikut për sëmundjen e SKOM, dhe pirja e duhanit në mjedis gjithashtu kontribuon në zhvillimin e tij. Ekspozimi në punë ndaj avullit, pluhurit, gazit dhe tymrave janë faktorë të tjerë të rëndësishëm të rrezikut për sëmundjen e sëmundjes SKOM. Ndotja e ajrit në natyrë rrit pranimet në spital të lidhura me SKOM dhe është një faktor i rëndësishëm për përkeqësimin e sëmundjes dhe …

Njohuritë Dhe Praktikat Për Kontraceptivët Tek Femrat, Nexhibe Rexhepi

Theses and Dissertations

Në rastin e hartimit të këtij hulumtimi shkencor jam përpjekur që nivelin teorik e sistematik të trajtimit të qështjeve të caktuara të ia përshtasë parimeve të caktuara pedagogjike. Gjithashtu jam përpjekur që temën ta trajtoj në detaje, qysh nga kohët e lashta prej kur ka filluar njohja e metodave kontraceptive, përdorimi i tyre dhe inovacionet e tyre si pasojë e nevojave njerëzore për mbrojtjen nga sëmundjet transmisive dhe rritjes së kontrollit në lindje.

Abortet e shpeshta, numri i madhë i Shtatëzanive të padëshiruara, Edukimi i ulët seksual në Shoqërinë tonë më kanë shtyer të hulumtoj më shumë rreth këtyre çështjeve …

Satisfaksioni I Infermierëve Me Kushtet E Punës Në Kujdesin Parësor Në Lipjan, Leonard Buja

Theses and Dissertations

Hyrje: Kënaqësia e punës së infermierëve është një aspekt shumë i rëndësishëm dhe një pikë shqetësimi për cdo organizatë shëndetsore. Infermierët kanë vendet më të shumta të punës në këto institucione, dhe zëvendësimi i personelit është i kushtueshëm dhe konsumon shumë kohë. Në punën spitalore shumë kolegë infermierë janë të ekspozuar ndaj niveleve të ndryshme të kënaqësisë në punë, por cfarë i bën infermierët të jenë të kënaqur ose jo me profesionin e tyre, të cilin mund ta kenë zgjedhur edhe vetë. Qëllimi i punimit: Qëllimi i këtij punimi ishte vlerёsimi i kënaqshmërisë në punë i infermierëve me kushtet e …

“Menaxhimi Infermieror I Pacientëve Me Kancer Të Gjirit”, Elmira Çovanaj

Theses and Dissertations

Hyrje- Duke pasur parasysh se kanceri i gjirit tregon një rritje të përditshme të rasteve dhe këto rritje flasin për një dyfishim të rasteve në dekadat e ardhshme, atëherë në punim jam fokusuar në funksionet e gjirit si dhe anatominë dhe fiziologjinë e tij. Poashtu kam përshkruar patologjitë e gjirit,ndryshimet që ndodhin tek gjinjtë,etiologjia e semundjes etj.Kam përmendur faktorët e rrezikut,faktorët e dyshimt,faktorët e ndryshueshëm,faktorët e pandryshueshëm si dhe faktorët gjenetik. Një ndër rolet kryesore në trajtimin e kancerit të gjirit e luan infermierja.Roli i saj është i pazëvendësushëm. Qëllimi i punimit- Qëllim kryesor kam pasur të tregoj faktorët e …

Kujdesi Infermieror Tek Pacientët Me Epilepsi, Meriton Rrudhani

Theses and Dissertations

Hyrje: Epilepsia është sëmundja më e shpeshtë në neurologji, ku manifestohet me ngërçe të muskujve dhe çrregullim të fuqishëm të vetëdijes. Në këtë punim janë të paraqitura shkaqet e epilepsis, simptomat, ndihma e parë, ndërhyrja kirurgjikale, roli i infermierit/es ndaj pacientëve me epilepsi dhe shumë informata lidhur me sëmundjet epileptike. Metodologjia: Studimi është i tipit Cross sectional dhe është realizuar në repartin e neurologjisë në QKUK.Ёshtë përdorur pyetësori i strukturuar të cilin e kemi adresuar në repartin e neurologjisë në QKUK. Pjesëmarrës në këtë pyetësor ishin pacientët e repartit neuorologjikë të sëmurë nga sëmundja e epilepsisë.. Rezultatet: Prej 12 personave …

Traumat Lumbale Dhe Kujdesi Infermieror, Arlinda Neziri

Theses and Dissertations

Shëndeti është niveli i efikasitetit funksional apo metabolikë i qenieve të gjalla. Tek njeriu, kjo është gjendje e përgjithshme e mendjës, trupit dhe shpirtit të një personi, që do të thotë të jenë të lirë nga sëmundjet, dëmtimi ose dhimbja. Duke pasur parasysh faktin se trupi i njeriut që nga lindja e deri në vdekje, është i ekspozuar ndaj sëmundjeve të ndryshme apo dëmtimeve fizike, të cilat shkaktohen nga faktorët e brendshëm apo të jashtëm, infermieria si degë e mjekësisë ka për qëllim që të kujdeset për shëndetin e çdo personi i cili është prekur nga ndonjë sëmundje apo ka …

Cilësia E Jetës Tek Pacientët Me Diabet Të Tipit 2 Në Regjionin E Gjilanit, Lindita Rexhepi Ramadani

Theses and Dissertations

Diabeti është një sëmundje kronike që kërkon kujdes të vazhdueshëm mjekësor dhe edukim të pacientit për vetë-menaxhimi për të parandaluar komplikimet akute dhe për të zvogëluar rrezikun e komplikimeve afatgjata. Kujdesi ndaj diabetit është kompleks dhe kërkon që të adresohen shumë çështje, përtej kontrollit glikemik. Qëllimi i këtij hulumtimi është matja e cilësisë së jetës së personave me diabet te tipit 2. Përmes të dhënave të mbledhura do të synohet të paraqitet një pasqyrë e cilësisë së jetës së personave me diabet të tipit 2. Në studimin e realizuar kanë marrë pjesë 50 pacientë me diabet të tipit 2, të …

Retrospective Review Of Pharmacist Delivered Employee Medication Therapy Management (Mtm) Visits, Atuobi N. Yiadom Pharmd

Theses and Dissertations

Medication therapy management (MTM) services are evolving, and through collaborative practice agreements with providers, pharmacists are in a unique position to use their knowledge and skills to improve therapeutic outcomes for patients. Studies have shown that employer provided MTM services can lead to reduced spending on employer healthcare plan costs and improve overall health outcomes for beneficiaries of the MTM program. CentraCare offers MTM programs for their employees and their beneficiaries, but the program is underutilized due to lack of awareness and limited ambulatory care pharmacists to provide MTM services. This project covers ambulatory care pharmacists' role in improving employee …

Metabolites Profiling Of Coffee Seeds In Context To Their Origin, Processing And Gut Microbiota Interaction, Amr Abdelwareth

Theses and Dissertations

Coffee is among the most consumed beverages worldwide, with the present study to focus on the aroma and non-volatiles composition associated with coffee seeds processing, brewing methods and gut microbiota interaction. The study uncovered a large number of primary and secondary metabolites in diverse coffee products consumed in the Middle East in the context of its origin, roasting, and blends and microbiota mediated biotransformation products. First, aroma of authentic coffee specimens of Coffea arabica and Coffea robusta alongside with commercial products consumed in the Middle East were analyzed using HS-SPME coupled to GC-MS and modelled using multivariate data analyses (MVA). …

Analysis Of Single Cell Rna-Seq Data Revealed Interferon Gamma Signaling Alteration In Severe Covid Patients, Ahmed Elbaz

Theses and Dissertations

Background: SARS-COV2 virus detected in December 2019, and was considered a pandemic in March 2020 by the WHO. Symptoms range from asymptomatic to life threatening ones. Studying cell-cell interactions in patients' blood samples may lead to novel diagnosis and treatment approaches.

Aim: This study aims to analyze single-cell RNA sequencing data to identify differences in cell-cell communications between healthy and COVID patients and differentially expressed T-cells genes that contributed to immune system antiviral activity.

Materials and methods: Single-Cell RNA sequencing data from seven COVID patients and five healthy individuals were collected from (GEO accession GSE155673). Cell types were identified and …

Efforts Toward Novel Methods For The Synthesis Of Stereochemically-Dense Pharmacologically Relevant Scaffolds, Lauren Nicole Tumbelty

Theses and Dissertations

Nitrogen is the most common pure element, present in nearly all relevant chemical compounds. It is an essential component of the building blocks of life such as proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids and adenosine tri-phosphate. There is a naturally occurring exchange between living organisms and the atmosphere which begins with the process of fixation. Although nitrogen is naturally abundant, the strength of the triple bond in atmospheric nitrogen prevents its applicability in organic synthesis. Therefore, the development of methods to place synthetic nitrogen into heteroatomic compounds plays an important role in the development of pharmacologically relevant scaffolds. Contained within this …