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Articles 3031 - 3060 of 4193
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Epid-Based Dose Verification For Adaptive Radiotherapy, Joseph Gardner
Epid-Based Dose Verification For Adaptive Radiotherapy, Joseph Gardner
Theses and Dissertations
Dose verification is a critical component of adaptive radiotherapy, as it provides a measurement of treatment delivery success. Based on the measured outcome, the plan may be adapted to account for differences between the planned dose and the delivered dose. Although placement of an EPID behind the patient during treatment allows for exit dosimetry which may be used to reconstruct the delivered patient dose via backprojection of the fluence, there have not been any studies examining the basic assumption of backprojection-based dose verification: that deviations between the expected and delivered exit fluences are totally caused by errors in the delivered …
Heart Failure Symptom Clusters And Functional Status, Janet Herr
Heart Failure Symptom Clusters And Functional Status, Janet Herr
Theses and Dissertations
Abstract HEART FAILURE SYMPTOM CLUSTERS AND FUNCTIONAL STATUS Janet Kay Herr Ph.D A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University 2012 Major Director: Dr. Jeanne Salyer, Ph.D., R.N., F.N.A.P Associate Professor, Adult Health & Nursing Systems Clinical assessment of heart failure includes symptom identification and the evaluation of the relationship of symptoms to functional status. Symptom clusters are groups of at least 2 or 3 co-occurring symptoms that are related but are independent of other groups of symptoms. The objectives of this study are to: …
A New Approach To Dried Blood Spot Analysis For Newborn Screening Using High Resolution Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, John H. Miller Iv
A New Approach To Dried Blood Spot Analysis For Newborn Screening Using High Resolution Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, John H. Miller Iv
Theses and Dissertations
The primary purpose of newborn screening is to quickly identify children that are at risk of having a specific disorder in order to start treatment, prevent early death and reduce the chances of permanent physical or mental damage. The current and widely accepted approach used for identification of metabolism disorders involves a flow injection analysis with mass spectrometry detection of acylcarnitines and amino acids. Although this approach is widely accepted and has shown to be sufficient for identification of multiple metabolism disorders the method is not fully quantitative and results often have to be confirmed by second-tier tests. The primary …
The Role Of P62 In Osteoclastogenesis And Paget’S Disease Of Bone, Tamer Hadi
The Role Of P62 In Osteoclastogenesis And Paget’S Disease Of Bone, Tamer Hadi
Theses and Dissertations
Paget’s disease (PDB) is the second most common metabolic bone disease after osteoporosis, affecting up to 3% of adults over age 55. It is characterized by focal lesions of bone resorbed by hyperactive osteoclasts coupled with rapid formation of highly disorganized, low quality bone formed by osteoblasts. Such lesions cause skeletal deformity, fractures, and other symptoms that significantly decrease quality of life. In 2001, mutations in the SQSTM1/p62 gene were found in a subset of Paget’s patients. The work summarized in this dissertation sought to answer two broad questions: what is the function of p62 in normal bone homeostasis and …
The Role Of Magl Inhibition In Nicotine Withdrawal And Reward, Pretal Muldoon
The Role Of Magl Inhibition In Nicotine Withdrawal And Reward, Pretal Muldoon
Theses and Dissertations
ROLE OF MAGL INHIBITION IN NICOTINE WITHDRAWAL AND REWARD. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. by Pretal Ishvarlal Patel Muldoon Director: M. Imad Damaj, PhD Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths worldwide. Nicotine, the main psychoactive component of tobacco, sustains and initiates tobacco addiction. Cessation of nicotine induces a dependence withdrawal syndrome. Recent in vivo studies indicate that the endocannabinoid (EC) system modulates both nicotine reward and withdrawal. The purpose of this proposal is to …
Perceptual, Acoustic, And Kinematic Effects Of Sentence-Initial, Single-Phoneme Prolongation In People Who Do And Do Not Stutter, Darrell Sharp Matthews
Perceptual, Acoustic, And Kinematic Effects Of Sentence-Initial, Single-Phoneme Prolongation In People Who Do And Do Not Stutter, Darrell Sharp Matthews
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined a sentence-initial one-second sound prolongation as a possible fluency-inducing condition in people who stutter. The effects of this prolongation technique on the single sentence utterances of five people who stutter (PWS) and five age- and gender-matched controls were investigated. Variables tested included stuttering percentages, speaking rate, duration of phonated intervals, and correlation between upper lip and lower lip/jaw. Results showed a non-significant trend for less stuttering to occur when participants used the prolongation technique. Significant findings included longer durations of phonated intervals and more negatively correlated upper- and lower-lip movements during the prolongation condition. Rate of speech …
Understanding The Risky Sexual Behaviors Of Study Abroad Students, Ashley Schaffer
Understanding The Risky Sexual Behaviors Of Study Abroad Students, Ashley Schaffer
Theses and Dissertations
Using the Triandis Model of Interpersonal Behavior (TIB) this study examined the influence of environmental and individual characteristics on predicting risky sexual behaviors of study abroad students. This study utilized a two-stage, qualitative and quantitative methodological framework. First, focus groups with previous study abroad students were held in order to gather data that informed the development of assessment. Second, data was subsequently collected from 128 study abroad students. The TIB significantly predicted a participant's intentions to engage in risky sexual behavior with the construct labeled subjective social norms emerging as a significant predictor. The model also significantly predicted engaging in …
The Effect Of Physician Ownership On Quality Of Care For Outpatient Procedures, Xinliang Liu
The Effect Of Physician Ownership On Quality Of Care For Outpatient Procedures, Xinliang Liu
Theses and Dissertations
Ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) play an important role in providing surgical and diagnostic services in an outpatient setting. They can be owned by physicians who staff them. Previous studies focused on patient “cherry picking” and over-utilization of services due to physician ownership. Few studies examined the relationship between physician ownership and quality of care. Using a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent colonoscopy, this study examined the effect of physician ownership of ASCs on the occurrence of adverse events after outpatient colonoscopy. Agency theory is used to as a conceptual framework. Depending on the extent to which consumers are able …
Capture And Characterization Of Dioxygen Reactive Intermediates In Cyp51 Catalysis, Gareth Kent Jennings
Capture And Characterization Of Dioxygen Reactive Intermediates In Cyp51 Catalysis, Gareth Kent Jennings
Theses and Dissertations
The cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a superfamily of biological catalysts that are ubiquitous throughout the biological domain. CYPs are heme-b containing monooxygenases which oxidize substrates with the help of accessory redox partners. CYP substrates include endogenous compounds required for many biological functions and homeostasis, such as steroids, as well as the majority of clinically used drugs and environmental xenobiotics. The majority of studies that have been performed to date are on P450cam (CYP101) from Pseudomonas putida. Of the numerous reactions catalyzed by CYPs, unactivated carbon-carbon bond cleavage, is one of particular versatility. Being unique in their catalytic mechanisms, the C-C …
On The Genetic And Environmental Associations Between Body Composition, Depression Symptoms And Smoking Behavior., Roseann Peterson
On The Genetic And Environmental Associations Between Body Composition, Depression Symptoms And Smoking Behavior., Roseann Peterson
Theses and Dissertations
Obesity is a serious public health crisis and recent estimates of its incidence are the highest in United States history, with 35% and 17% of American adults and children affected, respectively. The clinical definition of adult obesity is operationalized as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2. Although the prevalence of common obesity has increased dramatically over the past 30 years–largely thought to be due to changes in the environment, such as high calorie diets and sedentary lifestyles—twin and family studies have shown consistently that relative body weight is under considerable genetic influence in both children and adults, …
Examining Alcohol Dependence And Its Correlates From A Genetically Informative Perspective, Laura Hack
Examining Alcohol Dependence And Its Correlates From A Genetically Informative Perspective, Laura Hack
Theses and Dissertations
Alcohol dependence (AD) is a serious and common public health problem that contributes to great societal, medical, and legal costs. It has taken work from multiple disciplines, including developmental psychology, genetic epidemiology, and molecular genetics, to achieve our current understanding of environmental and genetic risk factors for AD as well as its variable developmental trajectories. Nevertheless, there is still much to be learned in order to improve treatment outcomes. One approach to augmenting our understanding of this disorder is through genetically informative study designs that either examine risk in aggregate or assess specific susceptibility variants. In this dissertation, we utilize …
Interpersonal Control In Dating Relationships: How Is It Affected By Trust In One's Partner And Adult Attachment Style?, Melissa Franz
Interpersonal Control In Dating Relationships: How Is It Affected By Trust In One's Partner And Adult Attachment Style?, Melissa Franz
Theses and Dissertations
The U.S. spends billions of dollars each year treating victims of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. A majority of college women (up to 75 percent) reported having experienced psychological or emotional abuse. These acts are intended to demean, criticize, and dominate one's partner. Control is one facet of psychological abuse and is intended to regulate one's partner. Control and psychological abuse are related to numerous negative outcomes in its victims. This study examines the influence of attachment style and trust on one's use of IPC in a relationship. One hundred forty seven participants were recruited (1) via a social networking …
Using Genetic Information In Risk Prediction For Alcohol Dependence, Jia Yan
Using Genetic Information In Risk Prediction For Alcohol Dependence, Jia Yan
Theses and Dissertations
Family-based and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol dependence (AD) have reported numerous associated variants. The clinical validity of these variants for predicting AD compared to family history has not yet been reported. These studies aim to explore the aggregate impact of multiple genetic variants with small effect sizes on risk prediction in order to provide a clinical interpretation of genetic contributions to AD. Data simulations showed that given AD’s prevalence and heritability, a risk prediction model incorporating all genetic contributions would have an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) approaching 0.80, which is often a target AUC …
Role Of Autophagy In The Response Of Hs578t Breast Tumor Cells To Radiation, Shweta Chakradeo
Role Of Autophagy In The Response Of Hs578t Breast Tumor Cells To Radiation, Shweta Chakradeo
Theses and Dissertations
Breast cancer is the most commonly observed cancer type in women and is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Radiation can be used to debulk tumors prior to surgery as well as to treat patients after surgery and/or chemotherapy. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the anti –malarial drug chloroquine sensitizes breast cancer cell lines to radiation by suppression of autophagy which is a conservative catabolic process that can be cytoprotective. The scientific literature has demonstrated that many tumor cell systems undergo cytoprotective autophagy and that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of autophagy leads to other …
The Impact Of Sexual Self-Esteem On Sexual Risk Detection In College Women, Lauren Lucente
The Impact Of Sexual Self-Esteem On Sexual Risk Detection In College Women, Lauren Lucente
Theses and Dissertations
Sexual assault victimization has been associated with poor risk recognition and low sexual self-esteem (Gidycz, McNamara, & Edwards, 2006; Schwartz & Shipiro, 1997). Evidence suggests that sexual self-esteem may precede risk recognition subsequently impacting victimization (Mayers, Heller, & Heller, 2003; Zeanah & Schwartz, 1996). The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct predictive impact of global and specific components of sexual self-esteem on risk recognition. Participants engaged a laboratory analog to measure risk detection and completed a series of questionnaires to measure sexual self-esteem. Results indicated that global sexual self-esteem is not predictive of risk recognition. In regard …
The Correlation Between Spectral Moment Measures And Electropalatometric Contact Patterns For /T/ And /K/, Janelle Barrett
The Correlation Between Spectral Moment Measures And Electropalatometric Contact Patterns For /T/ And /K/, Janelle Barrett
Theses and Dissertations
Spectral moment analysis has helped further our understanding of the spectral properties of obstruent speech production; however, the physiologic correlates of these spectral measures are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible correlations between the linguapalatal contact patterns used to produce the stops /t/ and /k/ and the resulting spectral characteristics. Using spectral moment analysis and electropalatography, the real-word productions of eight speakers of American English were investigated. The spectral measures for the stop consonant tokens in the present study were found to be similar to data reported in previous research with adult …
Cellular Effects Of Platinum Chemotherapeutics: Alterations By Antidepressants And Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, Brigitte Engelmann
Cellular Effects Of Platinum Chemotherapeutics: Alterations By Antidepressants And Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, Brigitte Engelmann
Theses and Dissertations
The work discussed here is divided into two projects. The first project involves the interactions between antidepressants and the platinum based chemotherapeutics while the second project begins to investigate possible implications of a recently discovered uptake mechanism for positively charged platinum drugs. Gaining understanding of the interactions between antidepressants and platinum-based chemotherapeutics is important due to the frequency with which they are prescribed together. Although using a combination regimen of antineoplastics is beneficial to the patient, not all drug interactions are. For instance, many of the serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to decrease the efficacy of tamoxifen. Desipramine, a …
Role Of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In Experimental Colitis, Shakir Alsharari
Role Of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In Experimental Colitis, Shakir Alsharari
Theses and Dissertations
Substantial evidence in the literature shows that tobacco smoking has complex and divergent effects on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It ameliorates ulcerative colitis (UC); whereas it aggravates the risk of Crohn’s disease (CD) and affects the disease course and severity. Studies have shown that nicotine has a positive influence on symptoms of UC. Also, it is demonstrated that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, especially α7 subunit plays an essential component in the vagus nerve-based cholinergic anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we explored the effect of nicotine and α7 nicotinic agonists treatment in the DSS colitis mouse model. We also investigated the …
Influence Of Electrostatic Charge Upon The Deposition Behavior Of Pharmaceutical Aerosols Within Cascade Impactors, Megha Mohan
Influence Of Electrostatic Charge Upon The Deposition Behavior Of Pharmaceutical Aerosols Within Cascade Impactors, Megha Mohan
Theses and Dissertations
Cascade impactors, routinely used for in vitro particle size characterization of pharmaceutical aerosols, are calibrated using dilute, charge-neutralized, monodisperse aerosols. But pharmaceutical aerosols are known to generate concentrated, inherently charged, polydisperse aerosol clouds. A computational model of the Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI) suggested that the presence of charge on aerosol particles may influence their deposition within the ACI, but experimental validation of the model is warranted. This dissertation investigates the influence of electrostatic charge upon the deposition behavior of aerosols within cascade impactors, to address the impact of charge on particle size characterization. The influence of applied charge upon the …
Schizotypy And The Role Of Coping Behaviors In The Experience Of Positive And Negative Affect, Jessica Hayes
Schizotypy And The Role Of Coping Behaviors In The Experience Of Positive And Negative Affect, Jessica Hayes
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the current study was to examine whether (a) schizotypy is positively related to negative affect and negatively related to positive affect, (b) whether individuals with high levels of schizotypy use more maladaptive coping behaviors than those low in schizotypy, (c) that maladaptive coping behaviors will mediate the relationship between schizotypy and negative affect, and (d) that adaptive coping behaviors will mediate the relationship between schizotypy and positive affect. A sample of 435 undergraduate participants completed self-report measures including The Brief Cope, The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, and The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Bivariate correlations resulted in levels …
Discovery And Biophysical Characterization Of Allosteric Inhibitors Of Factor Xia (Fxia), Malaika Argade
Discovery And Biophysical Characterization Of Allosteric Inhibitors Of Factor Xia (Fxia), Malaika Argade
Theses and Dissertations
Thrombosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity that is associated with myocardial infarction, stroke and pulmonary embolism. Anti-thrombotic agents which intend to reduce the occurrence and severity of thrombosis usually target the enzymes of the coagulation cascade. FXIa, a 160 kDa homodimer is gaining popularity of late as a potential target for anti-thrombotic agents due to its relative safety. A number of inhibitors which target the active site of FXIa have been reported but to our knowledge there have been no inhibitors which act via an allosteric mechanism. The aim of this project was to screen …
Α2-Adrenoceptor And 5-Ht3 Serotonin Receptor Ligands As Potential Analgesic Adjuvants, Genevieve Alley
Α2-Adrenoceptor And 5-Ht3 Serotonin Receptor Ligands As Potential Analgesic Adjuvants, Genevieve Alley
Theses and Dissertations
There continues to be a need for more effective analgesics. The α2-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist clonidine is an analgesic whose use is severely limited by undesirable side effects. meta-Chlorophenylguanidine (MD-354), an agent developed in our laboratory, selectively potentiates the antinociceptive effects of clonidine in a biphasic manner. Mechanistic studies suggest that both 5-HT3 receptor and α2-AR mechanisms are involved. To further evaluate mechanisms underlying the analgesia-potentiating effect of clonidine by MD-354, pharmacological studies using more established 5-HT3 receptor agonists: meta-chlorophenylbiguanide (mCPBG) and centrally-acting SR57227A, and non-selective α2-adrenoceptor ligand TDIQ, administered alone and in combination with clonidine, were conducted in mouse antinociceptive …
The Effect Of Intervention Using A Robot On The Social Engagement Behaviors Of Four Children With Autism In Interaction With An Unfamiliar Adult, Sarai Sophia Dodge
The Effect Of Intervention Using A Robot On The Social Engagement Behaviors Of Four Children With Autism In Interaction With An Unfamiliar Adult, Sarai Sophia Dodge
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the effect of low doses of interactive therapy with a robot on the basic social engagement skills of four children with autism in interaction with an unfamiliar adult. The current study was part of a larger work investigating the effects of treatment incorporating a robot on the social engagement behaviors of children with autism. A single-subject, multiple-baseline research design was implemented and included four types of sessions: baseline, traditional intervention, intervention including the robot, and follow-up. Each participant received a total of 20 intervention sessions in addition to baseline and follow-up sessions. Intervention with the robot was …
Investigating Synergy Between Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors And Cmv Antivirals, Sukhada Bhave
Investigating Synergy Between Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors And Cmv Antivirals, Sukhada Bhave
Theses and Dissertations
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections remain a significant problem in congenitally infected infants and immunocompromised individuals. Modest antiviral activities of currently approved drugs coupled with dose-limiting toxicities restrict effectiveness and promote development of resistance. The potential for ribonucleotide reductase (RR) inhibitors hydroxyurea (HU), Didox, and Trimidox to synergize, through reduction of nucleotide pools, with the deoxynucleotide analog Ganciclovir (GCV) was examined. A yield reduction assay that utilizes luciferase expressed by a recombinant virus as a surrogate measure of viral infectious units was developed and used to determine effective dose ranges for each drug. RR inhibitors exhibited intrinsic anti-CMV activities on their own …
Investigating The Transcriptional Regulation By Oxyr In Porphyromonas Gingivalis., Anuya R. Paranjape
Investigating The Transcriptional Regulation By Oxyr In Porphyromonas Gingivalis., Anuya R. Paranjape
Theses and Dissertations
Periodontal diseases are bacterially induced, inflammatory diseases which are responsible for loss of alveolar bone and connective tissue supporting the teeth which results in loss of teeth. Gram negative anaerobic bacteria are highly associated with these diseases. One of them is Porphyromonas gingivalis belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Infection by P. gingivalis is recurrent after physical removal of the bacteria from the oral cavity and even after antibiotic treatment as development of resistance is not rare. Hence complete understanding the biology of this bacterium is of significance. This gram negative obligate anaerobe, being aerotolerant, manages to survive inside the oral …
An Acoustic Analysis Of Elements Of Contrastive Stress Produced By 8 To 10-Year-Old Children, Nicole Michelle Clover
An Acoustic Analysis Of Elements Of Contrastive Stress Produced By 8 To 10-Year-Old Children, Nicole Michelle Clover
Theses and Dissertations
Contrastive stress is an aspect of communication that can be used to highlight information, de-accent redundant information, and create distinctions between new and previously-provided information. Previous research has documented that adult speakers use relative changes in their vocal intensity, fundamental frequency (F0), and duration to mark contrastive stress in a sentence. However, less is understood about how and when children mark contrastive stress in their communication, thus the current study aims to examine a number of acoustic elements of contrastive stress in 8 to 10-year-old children. Speech samples were elicited from 20 children and analyzed to determine if the acoustic …
The Effects Of Utilizing A Robot On The Social Engagement Behaviors Of Children With Autism In A Triadic Interaction, Kristi Anne Blanchard
The Effects Of Utilizing A Robot On The Social Engagement Behaviors Of Children With Autism In A Triadic Interaction, Kristi Anne Blanchard
Theses and Dissertations
The study presents the use of a humanoid robot to facilitate social engagement behaviors in four children with autism. These children were enrolled in a semester long treatment program based on components of the SCERTS model designed to facilitate social communication (Prizant, 2003). Following baseline, children received intervention sessions with and without the robot. During sessions involving the robot, each child would participate in a 10 minute interaction (as part of a 50 minute sessions) using a robot to facilitate interaction with a graduate clinician or parent. The interactions were recorded and analyzed for occurrences of social engagement behaviors. This …
The Effect Of Utilizing A Humanoid Robot On Social Engagement Behaviors In Children With Autism During Interaction With A Familiar Adult, Alyssa Stabenow
The Effect Of Utilizing A Humanoid Robot On Social Engagement Behaviors In Children With Autism During Interaction With A Familiar Adult, Alyssa Stabenow
Theses and Dissertations
This study focused on intervention using a humanoid robot to facilitate social engagement and joint attention in four children with autism. Intervention was conducted over a three month period, with each child receiving pre-testing, intervention, and post-testing. Intervention was based on the SCERTS model (Prizant, Wetherby, Rubin, & Laurent, 2003). Pre- and post-testing involved interactions with a parent, a familiar adult interaction, a less-familiar adult interaction, and a triadic interaction. This study focuses on the baseline and follow-up testing from the interaction with the familiar adult. Following a period of traditional intervention, sessions involving a humanoid robot (named Troy) were …
Assessment Of The Role Of Solute Carrier Drug Transporters In The Systemic Disposition Of Fluoroquinolones: An In Vitro - In Vivo Comparison, Aditi Mulgaonkar
Assessment Of The Role Of Solute Carrier Drug Transporters In The Systemic Disposition Of Fluoroquinolones: An In Vitro - In Vivo Comparison, Aditi Mulgaonkar
Theses and Dissertations
Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are broad-spectrum charged antimicrobials exhibiting excellent tissue/fluid permeation. Thus, FQ disposition depends essentially on active transport and facilitative diffusion. Although most early transporter studies investigating renal elimination of FQs have focused on apical efflux of FQs from renal proximal tubule cell (RPTC) into urine, their basolateral uptake mechanism(s) from blood into RPTC (i.e., first step to tubular secretion) has not yet been explored in detail. Renally expressed SLC22 members: organic anion (OATs) and cation (OCTs) transporters are known to transport such small organic ionic substrates (molecular weight ~400 Da). Hence it is of interest to explore the role …
In Vitro In Vivo Methods And Pharmacokinetic Models For Subcutaneously Administered Peptide Drug Products, Amit Somani
In Vitro In Vivo Methods And Pharmacokinetic Models For Subcutaneously Administered Peptide Drug Products, Amit Somani
Theses and Dissertations
Over the last several years, injectable drugs have been a growing area for the treatment of various therapeutic conditions and they are projected to comprise an even larger proportion among the drugs that will be available in the years to come. The injectable drugs are administered by various routes such as intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC) and others, however, the majority of these drugs are administered subcutaneously. Even though subcutaneous delivery has been utilized for a number of years, very little is known about the processes governing the absorption of macromolecules from the interstitial space; and the resulting impact …