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Articles 2821 - 2850 of 4194
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Correlation Of Shoulder And Elbow Kinetics With Ball Velocity In College Baseball Pitchers, Eric Post
Correlation Of Shoulder And Elbow Kinetics With Ball Velocity In College Baseball Pitchers, Eric Post
Theses and Dissertations
Specific injuries at the elbow and glenohumeral joints have been linked to several kinetic variables that occur throughout the throwing motion. Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) sprains have been linked to excessive elbow valgus and shoulder external rotation torques occurring during the late-cocking phase of throwing. Shoulder external rotation torque during the late arm-cocking phase and shoulder distraction forces during the deceleration phase contribute to tears of the labrum. Additionally, it is believed that the peak distraction force generated during the arm deceleration phase also contributes to SLAP tears and rotator cuff pathologies. Very little research has been done to directly …
A Comparison Of Attention Bias Paradigms Related To Insomnia, Nathaniel Maloney
A Comparison Of Attention Bias Paradigms Related To Insomnia, Nathaniel Maloney
Theses and Dissertations
Attentional bias to sleep related stimuli by poor sleepers has been reported as a factor in initiating and maintaining sleep disturbance. In this study, three paradigms (Flicker, Posner, and Stroop) were used in comparison to further investigate the role of attentional biases in Primary Insomnia. Participants (n=117) were split into good sleepers and poor sleepers using a median split with the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale (PIRS). Using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as the covariate, two-way mixed modality ANCOVAs were conducted for each paradigm revealing no significant differences in word type, quality of sleep, or the interaction …
Exploring Substance Use Disorders Community Outpatient Counselors’ Experiences Treating Clients With Co-Occurring Medical Conditions: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Lauretta Cathers
Theses and Dissertations
Abstract EXPLORING SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS COMMUNITY OUTPATIENT COUNSELORS’ EXPERIENCES TREATING CLIENTS WITH CO-OCCURRING MEDICAL CONDITIONS. AN INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Lauretta Anne Cathers, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013 Major Director: Amy Armstrong, PhD, Chair, Rehabilitation Counseling The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis study presents the findings from a qualitative study examining substance use disorders (SUD) community outpatient treatment counselors’ experiences treating clients with co-occurring medical conditions. Interviews from five SUD community outpatient treatment counselors resulted in four emerging super-ordinate themes. The findings illustrate …
Are Your Parents To Blame? Disentangling Temperament, Parenting Style, And Schemas In The Development Of Depressive Symptoms, Jenny Delorme
Are Your Parents To Blame? Disentangling Temperament, Parenting Style, And Schemas In The Development Of Depressive Symptoms, Jenny Delorme
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined Jeffrey Young's Schema Theory (1990; 2003) and its influence in understanding the etiological factors related to depressive symptoms. It was hypothesized that there would be significant interactions between parenting and temperament traits. It was also hypothesized that The Defectiveness and Insufficient Self Control EMSs would mediate the relationship between the significant parenting/temperament interactions and depressive symptoms. Participants were administered the Young Schema Questionnaire Short form-3 to measure the endorsement of schemas; the Beck Depression Inventory to measure symptoms of depression; the Young Parenting Inventory to measure perceived parenting; and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire to measure temperament traits. …
Spirituality And Alcohol Consumption In A General Population, Nicole Keenan
Spirituality And Alcohol Consumption In A General Population, Nicole Keenan
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the relationship between spirituality and alcohol consumption in a general population because spirituality is important when it comes to the treatment and continued recovery from addiction. In order to measure spirituality, we used three psychometrically tested measures; The Intrinsic Spirituality Scale, the Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory, and the Spiritual Assessment Inventory. To measure alcohol consumption we utilized the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Results sustain the multidimensionality and overlap between spirituality and religion and the need for more complete definitions. Our findings support the buffering relationship between spirituality and alcohol consumption as well as a relationship …
Locus Of Control And Quality Of Life In Individuals With Schizotypy, Rachael Paulbeck
Locus Of Control And Quality Of Life In Individuals With Schizotypy, Rachael Paulbeck
Theses and Dissertations
The present study collected data from 200 undergraduate students (106 male, 94 female) and sought to examine the relationship between levels of stress, cognitive processes related to stress management (Locus of Control- LOC; Sense of Coherence; SOC), and quality of life (QOL) across varying levels of risk for developing schizophrenia. Results indicated that high-risk individuals are significantly more likely to have an external locus of control (F=4.121, p=.018) supporting hypothesis 1. Counter to our second hypothesis, locus of control was not directly associated with QOL. However, LOC was correlated with both stress and level of risk for schizophrenia which (in …
The Role Of Outer Membrane Protein A In Anaplasma Marginale Cellular Invasion And Its Potential As A Cross-Protective Antigen, Sarvani Emani
The Role Of Outer Membrane Protein A In Anaplasma Marginale Cellular Invasion And Its Potential As A Cross-Protective Antigen, Sarvani Emani
Theses and Dissertations
Anaplasma phagocytophilum and A. marginale are the etiologic agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and bovine anaplasmosis, respectively. Both diseases can be severe, even fatal, and protective vaccines for each are lacking. We recently identified A. phagocytophilum outer membrane protein A (ApOmpA) as being critical for cellular invasion and is expressed during infection of mammalian but not tick cells. Disrupting ApOmpA-host cell interactions significantly inhibits A. phagocytophilum entry into host cells. ApOmpA and its A. marginale ortholog, AM854 (A. marginale OmpA; AmOmpA) exhibit 44% amino acid identity. The ApOmpA invasin domain is highly conserved between both proteins. In this study, we …
The Role Of Nitric Oxide Dysregulation In Tumor Maintenance, Christopher Rabender
The Role Of Nitric Oxide Dysregulation In Tumor Maintenance, Christopher Rabender
Theses and Dissertations
The inflammatory nature of the tumor microenvironment provides a cytokine and chemokine rich proliferative environment. Much of the responsibility of this environment is due to the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). These studies examined the proliferative rich tumor environment from a new perspective of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) dysregulation. NOS’s have the ability to become uncoupled and generate superoxide in lieu of nitric oxide (NO). A requirement of NOS for the production of NO is the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and when it is missing NOS becomes uncoupled and turns into a peroxynitrite synthase. Here I demonstrate that NOS is …
The Freshman Experience, Stephanie Mannon
The Freshman Experience, Stephanie Mannon
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this exploratory research was to investigate if change in sexual risk-taking behavior between high school and college can be predicted as a function of the interaction of person and situation traits. College, conceptualized as a backspace (situation) construct, and personality traits (sensation-seeking, neuroticism, extraversion) conducive to deviant behavior were examined. While significant risky behavior was reported for all students (n = 252), hierarchical regression analyses revealed that higher levels of the specified personality traits in combination with on-campus backspace residential status was not predictive of greater change in engagement in sexual risk-taking behavior. Implications for future research …
Predictors Of Cooperative And Externalizing Behaviors In Siblings Of Children With Disabilities, Christine Rae Platt
Predictors Of Cooperative And Externalizing Behaviors In Siblings Of Children With Disabilities, Christine Rae Platt
Theses and Dissertations
Objective: To examine whether caregiver burden, parenting style, and sibling relationships in families raising a child with a disability (CWD) predict cooperative and externalizing behaviors in typically-developing sibling (TDS). Methods: This correlational study included 189 families raising both a CWD and a TDS. Mothers and fathers completed self-report questionnaires on caregiver burden, sibling relationships, parenting style, and TDS cooperative and externalizing behaviors. Results: Authoritative parenting was positively associated with cooperative behaviors, whereas authoritarian parenting was positively associated with externalizing behaviors. Hierarchical regression revealed caregiver burden was a significant predictor of cooperative and externalizing behaviors; however, when parenting style was added …
Nano-Biomedical Approaches Of Cancer Therapy Using Carbon Based And Magnetic Nanomaterials, Alokita Karmakar
Nano-Biomedical Approaches Of Cancer Therapy Using Carbon Based And Magnetic Nanomaterials, Alokita Karmakar
Theses and Dissertations
Since the inception of nanoparticles, they have affected almost each and every field of modern science and technology both in terms of research and application. Due to its subcellular level size and ease of modification for biological and medical purposes, nanoparticles have contributed greatly in various field of biomedical reaserch including cancer research. In this dissertation, emphasis has been given on an important area of research of a multi-modal anticancer therapeutic approach using carbon-based and magnetic inorganic nanoparticles. Cancer is a complex disease that has been known to be generated by mutations at the genetic level, and continue to accumulate …
Functional Characterization Of Crip1a Knockout Mice, Joanna Jacob
Functional Characterization Of Crip1a Knockout Mice, Joanna Jacob
Theses and Dissertations
CB1 cannabinoid receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that mediate the central nervous system (CNS) effects of marijuana and endocannabinoids. Recently, cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1a (CRIP1a) was discovered as a novel protein that binds to the CB1 receptor C-terminus and inhibits CB1 receptor activity without affecting CB1 expression. This thesis investigated the functions of CRIP1a by characterizing the first CRIP1a knockout (KO) mouse line. The absence of CRIP1a was confirmed in KO mice using quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. I hypothesized that CRIP1a KO mice would exhibit enhanced CB1 receptor-mediated G-protein activity in the CNS, as well as cannabimemetic phenotypes and enhanced …
Positron Emission Tomography For Pre-Clinical Sub-Volume Dose Escalation, Christopher Bass
Positron Emission Tomography For Pre-Clinical Sub-Volume Dose Escalation, Christopher Bass
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: This dissertation focuses on establishment of pre-clinical methods facilitating the use of PET imaging for selective sub-volume dose escalation. Specifically the problems addressed are 1.) The difficulties associated with comparing multiple PET images, 2.) The need for further validation of novel PET tracers before their implementation in dose escalation schema and 3.) The lack of concrete pre-clinical data supporting the use of PET images for guidance of selective sub-volume dose escalations. Methods and materials: In order to compare multiple PET images the confounding effects of mispositioning and anatomical change between imaging sessions needed to be alleviated. To mitigate the …
Cytotoxicity Study Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes And Their Complexes Applied To Mcf7 Breast Cancer Cells, Karine Mege
Theses and Dissertations
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are radicals of great concern to biologists. Their role in several diseases--such as neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, premature aging and cancer--has been intensively investigated during the last decade. Since a major focus in cancer research is to better understand how it is induced and therefore how it can be cured, the study of the cytotoxic effects of ROS production within cancer cells is vital. Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science that promises great improvements in a number of disciplines. Nano medicine is one of its daughter fields. Various nanomaterials are used for diagnosis and disease detection, …
Osteopontin Expression During The Acute Immune Response Mediates Reactive Synaptogenesis And Adaptive Outcome, Julie Chan
Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide epidemic as the number of victims living with the resulting cognitive and physical impairment continues to rise, principally due to limited treatment options which fail to address its multifaceted sequelae. By approaching TBI therapy from a molecular standpoint, we have the opportunity to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms which prevent effective recovery. With this information, we can move toward the identification of novel therapeutic treatments which target specific molecules to improve patient outcome following TBI. Here, we have focused on the therapeutic potential of osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein …
Assessment Of The Drug-Drug Interaction Potential Of Anionic Components In The Diet And Herbal Medicines On Organic Anion Transporters (Slc22 Family), Li Wang
Theses and Dissertations
Numerous natural products are widely used as first-line/alternative therapeutics and dietary supplements in both western and eastern society. However, the safety and efficacy profiles for herbal products are still limited. Organic anion transporters (OATs; SLC22 family) are expressed in many barrier organs and mediate in vivo body disposition of a broad array of endogenous substances and clinically important drugs. As some dietary flavonoids and phenolic acids were previously demonstrated to interact with OATs, it is necessary to explore the potential interaction of such components found in natural products in order to avoid potential OAT-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The inhibitory effects …
A Novel Biorelevant In Vitro System To Predict The In Vivo Performance Of Oral Transmucosal Products, Poonam Delvadia
A Novel Biorelevant In Vitro System To Predict The In Vivo Performance Of Oral Transmucosal Products, Poonam Delvadia
Theses and Dissertations
In vitro dissolution, release and permeation testing is a common practice during drug product research and development. These in vitro tests, if predictive, are referred to as biorelevant tests and can play diverse roles to facilitate and expedite product development in a cost effective manner. Oral transmucosal products (OTPs) are currently tested using compendial and modified in vitro tests which may or may not be good predictors of in vivo performance due to a lack of biorelevance. A critical need for a broadly applicable and biorelevant in vitro system for OTPs has been expressed in the literature and the goal …
Anti-Cytomegalovirus Activity Of Atanyl Blue Prl, An Anthraquinone Derivative, Zohaib Alam
Anti-Cytomegalovirus Activity Of Atanyl Blue Prl, An Anthraquinone Derivative, Zohaib Alam
Theses and Dissertations
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in immunocompromised patients and an important cause of birth defects if acquired in utero. The licensed CMV antivirals, ganciclovir, cidofovir and foscarnet, all target the viral DNA polymerase. For each drug prolonged use is associated with significant toxicities and development of drug resistance. None are approved for use during pregnancy. Therefore, development of new anti-CMV drugs that target different pathways would be beneficial. All herpesviruses encode an alkaline nuclease. That genetic disruption of the CMV alkaline nuclease, UL98, reduces CMV replication by 1,000-fold suggests that UL98 may be a useful …
Role Of Crc In The Regulation Of Alginate In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Arfeen Alam
Role Of Crc In The Regulation Of Alginate In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Arfeen Alam
Theses and Dissertations
As Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapts to the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung environments, mucoid strains often appear as a result of alginate overproduction. Such mucoid conversion is associated with the establishment of a chronic pulmonary infection. Alginate confers resistance to phagocytosis and has other pathogenic properties. The regulation of alginate production is complex and involves an alternate sigma factor, anti-sigmas and several DNA-binding transcriptional regulators. Here we examined the possibility that the catabolic repression control (Crc) protein repressor may affect alginate gene expression. A putative Crc binding site was observed adjacent to the ribosome binding site …
Exploring Electric Field-Induced Changes In Astrocyte Behavior, Doel Dhar
Exploring Electric Field-Induced Changes In Astrocyte Behavior, Doel Dhar
Theses and Dissertations
Electric fields, which are generated by the movement of charged ions across membranes, are found in all biological systems and can influence cellular components ranging from amino acids to biological macromolecules. Physiological field strengths range from 1 – 200 mV/mm, and these electric fields are especially elevated at sites of cellular growth during development and regeneration. It has previously been demonstrated that elevated electric fields induce alignment of astrocyte processes in vitro, enhancing the rate of neurite outgrowth. It is believed that electric fields of varying physiological strength affect other astrocytic responses associated with regeneration. To characterize the duration over …
Content Analysis Of Cognitive Distortions In Pedophiles' Online Forum Posts, Lyndsie Johnson
Content Analysis Of Cognitive Distortions In Pedophiles' Online Forum Posts, Lyndsie Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Historically, sexual encounters between adults and children were rarely reported to authorities, and thus considered a rare problem. However, as many as 33% of girls and 14% of boys experience sexual encounters with adults and as a result may experience consequences such as aversive feelings regarding the act of sex, substance abuse, and self-mutilation. Such consequences lead research to examine pedophile's cognitive distortions. This exploratory study examined pedophiles' website forum posts to determine if any posters demonstrated cognitive distortions. Four independent raters used content analysis to determine which cognitive distortions were demonstrated by the examined pedophiles. Results suggested that cognitive …
Characterization Of Cyclic Di-Gmp Binding By The Sole Borrelia Burgdorferi And Borrelia Hermsii Pilz Domain-Containing Proteins, Katherine Louise Mallory
Characterization Of Cyclic Di-Gmp Binding By The Sole Borrelia Burgdorferi And Borrelia Hermsii Pilz Domain-Containing Proteins, Katherine Louise Mallory
Theses and Dissertations
Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia hermsii cause Lyme disease and relapsing fever, respectively. These spirochetes are maintained in an enzootic cycle, involving tick vectors and mammalian hosts. Differential gene expression is central in their survival in various environmental conditions. C-di-GMP has been demonstrated to be important in bacterial adaptation. Borrelia deletion mutant phenotypes have shown that c-di-GMP regulates motility, infectivity, and enzootic cycle progression. As the only known receptors encoded by Borrelia, PlzA and PlzC characterization is necessary in delineating c-di-GMP roles within the cell. In this study, biochemical, biophysical, and FRET methods demonstrated that these proteins exhibit a structural rearrangement …
Ex Vivo Reprogramming Of Tumor-Reactive Immune Cells From Fvbn202 Mice Bearing Lung Metastatic Mammary Carcinoma: An Immunotherapeutic Opportunity Revealed Against Recurrence, Charles Hall
Theses and Dissertations
Metastatic breast cancer treatment has seen few advances in recent years, yet treatment resistance continues to rise, causing disease recurrence. A pilot study was performed to determine the efficacy of ex vivo expansion and reprogramming of tumor-reactive immune cells from experimental metastatic tumor-sensitized mice. Also, phenotypic changes in tumors due to metastasis or tumor microenvironment influences were characterized. Metastatic neu+ mouse mammary carcinoma (mMMC) and its distant relapsing neu-antigen-negative variant (mANV) were investigated in FVBN202 mice. Tumor-reactive central memory CD8+ T cells and activated NK/NKT cells were successfully reprogrammed and expanded during 6-day expansion from mMMC- and/or mANV-sensitized mice, resulting …
Genetic Dissection Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Substances Of Abuse, Jo Lynne Harenza
Genetic Dissection Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Substances Of Abuse, Jo Lynne Harenza
Theses and Dissertations
It has been reported that an individual’s initial level of response to a drug might be predictive of his or her future risk of becoming dependent, thus basal gene expression profiles underlying those drug responses may be informative for both predicting addiction susceptibility and determining targets for intervention. This dissertation research aims to elucidate genetic risk factors underlying acute alcohol and nicotine dependence phenotypes using mouse genetic models of addiction. Phenotyping, brain region-specific mRNA expression profiling, and genetic mapping of a recombinant inbred panel of over 25 mouse strains were performed in order to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) harboring …
Identification And Characterization Of Ethanol Responsive Genes In Acute Ethanol Behaviors In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Joseph Alaimo
Identification And Characterization Of Ethanol Responsive Genes In Acute Ethanol Behaviors In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Joseph Alaimo
Theses and Dissertations
Alcohol abuse and dependence are complex disorders that are influenced by many genetic and environmental factors. Acute behavioral responses to ethanol have predictive value for determining an individual’s long-term susceptibility to alcohol abuse and dependence. These behavioral responses are strongly influenced by genetics. Here, we have explored the role of genetic influences on acute behavioral responses to ethanol using the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. First, we explored the role of ethanol metabolism in acute behavior responses to ethanol. Natural variation in human ethanol metabolism machinery is one of the most reported and reproducible associations found to alter drinking behavior. Ethanol …
Examining Parents' Interactions With Their Children During Literacy Activities, Kerianne Frodsham Allsop
Examining Parents' Interactions With Their Children During Literacy Activities, Kerianne Frodsham Allsop
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of conversational interactions between parents and their children during early literacy instructional activities. Parents engaged their children in interactions within hands-on activities designed to teach specific literacy skills as part of a kindergarten project entitled Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy (SEEL). Data for this study were extracted from audio and video recordings of parent-child interactions during three targeted literacy activities. Specialized software (LENA Pro) was used to analyze the interactions regarding adult and child use of targeted words (word count) and turn taking. To gain additional information about the exchanges, …
Validation Of Copy Number Variants Associated With Schizophrenia Risk In An Irish Population And Implications To Clinical Practice, Rachel L. Elves
Validation Of Copy Number Variants Associated With Schizophrenia Risk In An Irish Population And Implications To Clinical Practice, Rachel L. Elves
Theses and Dissertations
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder affecting 1% of the population and is highly heritable, but the majority of contributing genetic factors has remained elusive. Current risk estimates for clinical practice are primarily determined by family history and associated empirical risk. Copy number variants (CNVs) may hold the key to explaining the missing heritability in schizophrenia research; schizophrenia risk estimates as high as 30% have been found for the most-studied CNV associated with schizophrenia, 22q11. Currently, there are methods to identify CNVs though previously collected data from SNP microarrays that would facilitate these types of studies. To determine if algorithms that …
Maximization Of Hydraulic Flow Through Small Flexible Polymer Tubes By The Optimization Of Tubing Stiffness And Wall Thickness, Christopher L. Chipman
Maximization Of Hydraulic Flow Through Small Flexible Polymer Tubes By The Optimization Of Tubing Stiffness And Wall Thickness, Christopher L. Chipman
Theses and Dissertations
As illness becomes increasingly more common in the United States and across the globe, the need for better and faster medical treatment is greater than ever. The purpose of this work is to evaluate advanced polymers and polymer composites that will provide for increased fluid flow while maintaining outer dimensional, stiffness, and burst resistance characteristics when compared to a currently used material. A polymer configuration consisting of a proprietary formulation that has a durometer approximately 10% higher than the current material with an outer wall thickness of approximately .020" passed a series of tests involving tensile strength, stiffness, flexural fatigue …
The Effectiveness Of Systematic And Engaging Early Literacy (Seel) Intervention On Word Reading In Kindergarten Students Receiving Tier 3 Services, Christina Haley Cole
The Effectiveness Of Systematic And Engaging Early Literacy (Seel) Intervention On Word Reading In Kindergarten Students Receiving Tier 3 Services, Christina Haley Cole
Theses and Dissertations
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy (SEEL) intervention method to improve consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) reading in four students receiving Tier 3 services. The SEEL intervention method was also combined with the use of digital books on an iPad to investigate the effects of using technology in reading intervention sessions. Previous research indicates effectiveness for the foundational principles of SEEL, which include instruction in engaging, meaningful contexts that provide frequent and intense opportunities to practice. This research involved 4 kindergarten students who qualified for Tier 3 services based on their performance on an index of difficulty …
Genetic Analysis Of Ethanol Sensitivity And Tolerance In Drosophila, Robin Chan
Genetic Analysis Of Ethanol Sensitivity And Tolerance In Drosophila, Robin Chan
Theses and Dissertations
The genetic pathways influencing alcohol abuse and dependence are poorly characterized. Many critical discoveries about the interactions between ethanol-related behaviors and genetics have been made in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Coupling the statistical power of model organism studies to human association studies bolsters the analytical efficacy of these genomic approaches. A variety of behavioral assays are available for assessing behavioral responses to ethanol in Drosophila. However, we find our previously described eRING assay is influenced by the commonly used transgenic marker mini-white. We developed a Simple Sedation Assay (SSA) that is insensitive to the effects of white and mini-white. …