Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Causality Between Human Immunoglobulin G (Igg) N-Glycosylation And Aging: A Mendelian Randomization Study, Wenxin Sun, Xuening Jian, Jie Zhang, Xiaoni Meng, Haotian Wang, Deqiang Zheng, Lijuan Wu, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation is considered a potential biomarker for aging and various pathological conditions. However, whether these changes in IgG N-glycosylation are a consequence or a contributor to the aging process remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the causality between IgG N-glycosylation and aging using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We utilized genetic variants associated with IgG N-glycosylation traits, the frailty index (FI), and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) on individuals of European ancestry. Two-sample and multivariable MR analyses were conducted, employing the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Sensitivity analyses were performed …

The Global Landscape Of Immune-Derived Lncrna Signature In Colorectal Cancer, Mengying Zhang, Yifei Wu, Jingyi Mou, Yang Yao, Pengbo Wen, Xin Liu, Shipeng Shang, Xingxing Kang, Jiaqi Tian, Yan Liu, Enhui Lv, Liang Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer. This heterogeneity has an impact on the efficacy of immunotherapy. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play regulatory functions in cancer immunity. However, the global landscape of immune-derived lncRNA signatures has not yet been explored in colorectal cancer. Methods: In this study, we applied DESeq2 to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in colon cancer. Next, we performed an integrative analysis to globally identify immune-driven lncRNA markers in CRC, including immune-associated pathways, tumor immunogenomic features, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoints, microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Results: We also …

Child Health Nurses’ Perceptions Of The Family Community-Based Assistance Resourcing And Education Program In Contemporary Practice: A Qualitative Study, Nicole Latham, Jeanine Young, Josephine Wilson, Michelle Gray, Kendall George

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background. The Family Community-based Assistance Resourcing and Education Program (FCP) is a nurse home visiting program that was introduced in Queensland two decades ago to redress health inequalities for infants from families experiencing specific social stressors. Locally adapted versions of this home visiting program are still in use, but have not been evaluated. This study examined child health nurse perceptions of the adapted FCP in one regional Queensland health service. Methods. A qualitative descriptive exploratory study using two focus groups (conducted May 2019) with Child Health Nurses who delivered the FCP was conducted. Transcripts of digital recordings were analysed using …

Investigating The Genetic Makeup Of The Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc) In The United Arab Emirates Population Through Next-Generation Sequencing, Nour A. D. Marzouka, Halima Alnaqbi, Amira Al-Aamri, Guan Tay, Habiba Alsafar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are central to immune response and have associations with the phenotypes of various diseases and induced drug toxicity. Further, the role of HLA molecules in presenting antigens significantly affects the transplantation outcome. The objective of this study was to examine the extent of the diversity of HLA alleles in the population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using Next-Generation Sequencing methodologies and encompassing a larger cohort of individuals. A cohort of 570 unrelated healthy citizens of the UAE volunteered to provide samples for Whole Genome Sequencing and Whole Exome Sequencing. The definition of the …

Large Airway T Cells In Adults With Former Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Jing Gao, Petra Um-Bergström, Melvin Pourbazargan, Eva Berggren-Broström, Chuan X. Li, Heta Merikallio, Riitta Kaarteenaho, Nichole S. Reinke, Craig E. Wheelock, Erik Melén, Lindén Anders, Åsa M. Wheelock, Georgios Rassidakis, Cristian Ortiz-Villalon, Magnus C. Sköld

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in infants born prematurely is a risk factor for chronic airway obstruction later in life. The distribution of T cell subtypes in the large airways is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To characterize cellular and T cell profiles in the large airways of young adults with a history of BPD. METHODS: Forty-three young adults born prematurely (preterm (n = 20), BPD (n = 23)) and 45 full-term-born (asthma (n = 23), healthy (n = 22)) underwent lung function measurements, and bronchoscopy with large airway bronchial wash (BW). T-cells subsets in BW were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The proportions …

Arterial Stiffness And Obesity As Predictors Of Diabetes: Longitudinal Cohort Study, Cancan Cui, Zhiyuan Wu, Jia Zheng, Jiaqi Chu, Jiajing Zhu, Yitian Qi, Zhenming Zhang, Zhijia Wang, Mengchao Zhang, Zhanhao Mo, Liangkai Cheng, Lei Ding, Xiaoping Kang, Lin Liu, Te Zhang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have confirmed the separate effect of arterial stiffness and obesity on type 2 diabetes; however, the joint effect of arterial stiffness and obesity on diabetes onset remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to propose the concept of arterial stiffness obesity phenotype and explore the risk stratification capacity for diabetes. METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study used baseline data of 12,298 participants from Beijing Xiaotangshan Examination Center between 2008 and 2013 and then annually followed them until incident diabetes or 2019. BMI (waist circumference) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were measured to define arterial stiffness abdominal obesity phenotype. The …

Living With Myocardial Ischaemia And No Obstructive Coronary Arteries: A Qualitative Study, Helen Humphreys, Danielle Paddock, Sarah Brown, Colin Berry, Aynsley Cowie, Susan Dawkes, Simon Nichols

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective To explore the lived experience of people with myocardial ischaemia with no obstructive arteries. Design Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Setting Telephone interviews with 17 participants living in the UK. Participants 17 people (2 males, 15 females; aged 31–69 years) with a presumed or confirmed diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia with no obstructive arteries, recruited via social media and online patient-led support forums. Results Five themes were generated. Theme 1 describes the wide range of experiences that participants described, particularly the frequency and intensity of symptoms, and the uncertainty and fear that symptoms commonly provoked. Theme 2 describes the major …

Assessing Suboptimal Health Status In The Saudi Population: Translation And Validation Of The Shsq-25 Questionnaire, Mohamed A. Alzain, Collins O. Asweto, Sehar-Un-Nisa Hassan, Mohammed E. Saeed, Ahmed Kassar, Kamal E. M. Ali, Mouna Ghorbel, Rafat Zrieq, Bandar Alsaif, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Suboptimal Health Status (SHS) is realised as a vital feature for improving global health. However, the Arabian world does not have a validated instrument for screening SHS in their population. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of Arabic-translated SHS (ASHSQ-25) in the Saudi Arabian population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among the conveniently sampled 1590 participants from the Saudi population (with a 97.4% response rate). The data was gathered through an online survey and then exported into SPSS and AMOS version 26.0 for analysis. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify the median difference …

Failure To Progress Or Just Normal? A Constructivist Grounded Theory Of Physiological Plateaus During Childbirth, Marina Weckend, Kylie Mccullough, Christine Duffield, Sara Bayes, Clare Davison

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and problem: During childbirth, one of the most common diagnoses of pathology is ‘failure to progress’, frequently resulting in labour augmentation and intervention cascades. However, failure to progress is poorly defined and evidence suggests that some instances of slowing, stalling and pausing labour patterns may represent physiological plateaus. Aim: To explore how midwives conceptualise physiological plateaus and the significance such plateaus may have for women's labour trajectory and birth outcome. Methods: Twenty midwives across Australia participated in semi-structured interviews between September 2020 and February 2022. Constructivist grounded theory methodology was applied to analyse data, including multi-phasic coding and application …

Pre-Eclampsia Training Needs Of Midwives In A Ghanaian Tertiary Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study, Isabella Garti, Michelle Gray, Angela Bromley, Jing-Yu (Benjamin) Tan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: This study aimed to assess the specific clinical and non-clinical training needs of midwives and determine their preferred approach to enhancing performance. Background: Pre-eclampsia remains one of the leading causes of maternal deaths in low and middle-income countries. Pre-eclampsia-related deaths may be due to reduced midwifery knowledge and inadequate management. Therefore, a training needs assessment is vital in identifying gaps in practice, especially, in poorly resourced settings for maximal use of training resources. Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. Setting: The largest tertiary hospital in Ghana. Methods: An online version of the validated WHO Hennessy-Hicks Training Needs Analysis questionnaire was …

The Psychosocial Beliefs, Experiences And Expectations Of Children Living With Obesity, Lisa Newson, Nicola Sides, Amineh Rashidi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Childhood obesity has been shown to impair psychological health. However, psychological factors are often overlooked in both research evaluations and treatment interventions, and children's perspectives on managing obesity are underexplored. Neglecting psychosocial factors might undermine interventions. This research explored the psychological beliefs, expectations and experiences of children living with obesity (range 7–13) and attending a weight management programme (WMP). Methods: Thirty-four participants (19 females, 15 males, average age 9.5 years) completed a semistructured interview. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Four overarching themes were developed: (1) defining health and self-recognition; (2) external influence; feedback, …

The Role Of Diet And Gut Microbiota In Alzheimer’S Disease, D. M.Sithara Dissanayaka, Vijay Jayasena, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Ralph N. Martins, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (A ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Currently, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) impacts 50 million individuals, with projections anticipating an increase to 152 million by the year 2050. Despite the increasing global prevalence of AD, its underlying pathology remains poorly understood, posing challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Recent research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis and the aggregation of A , the development of tau proteins, and the occurrence of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are associated with AD. However, investigations into the gut–brain axis …

Relative Strength Explains The Differences In Multi-Joint Rapid Force Production Between Sexes, Paul Comfort, John J. Mcmahon, Jason P. Lake, Nicholas J. Ripley, N. Travis Triplett, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The primary aim of this study was to determine whether relative strength explains the differences in the rapid force production (force developed during first 150-, 200-, and 250 ms) of females and males, and to evaluate the relationships between peak force and rapid force production. Sixty-three team sport athletes (females: n = 25, age = 21.5 ± 1.3 years, stature = 166 ± 5 cm, body mass = 60.65 ± 10.04 kg; males: n = 38, age = 21.9 ± 1.1 years, stature = 178 ± 7 cm, body mass = 76.55 ± 12.88 kg) performed a series of isometric …

Challenging The Nuances Of Pain Assessment With Co-Designed Audio-Visual Simulations In Nursing Education: A Descriptive Study, Michelle A. Kelly, Susan Slatyer, Naomi Tutticci, Joanne Ramsbotham, Sandra Johnston, Irene Ngune, Karen A. Theobald

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Appropriate management of pain remains a challenging issue. Surfacing nurses’ inherent assumptions about pain may lead to better pain management. This study developed and evaluated new audio-visual (AV) simulations for nursing students showcasing patient characteristics that may influence pain assessment. Methods: Descriptive pre/post intervention study informed by the STROBE framework. Participants were drawn from two Australian universities. Three AV simulations were codesigned by clinicians, educators, and health consumers. Data included: demographics, previous experiences of pain assessment; compassion scale, feasibility, and relevance of AV simulations. Quantile regression and content analyses were applied. Results: Full data sets of 491 participants (314 …

Dropout From Exercise Trials Among Cancer Survivors—An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis From The Polaris Study, Benedikte Western, Andreas Ivarsson, Ingvild Vistad, Ingrid Demmelmaier, Neil K. Aaronson, Gillian Radcliffe, Marc Van Beurden, Martin Bohus, Kerry S. Courneya, Amanda J. Daley, Daniel A. Galvão, Rachel Garrod, Martine M. Goedendorp, Kathleen A. Griffith, Wim H. Van Harten, Sandi C. Hayes, Fernando Herrero-Roman, Anouk E. Hiensch, Melinda L. Irwin, Erica James, Marlou-Floor Kenkhuis, Marie J. Kersten, Hans Knoop, Alejandro Lucia, Anne M. May, Alex Mcconnachie, Willem Van Mechelen, Nanette Mutrie, Robert U. Newton, Frans Nollet, Hester S. Oldenburg, Ron Plotnikoff, Martina E. Schmidt, Katie H. Schmitz, Karl-Heinz Schulz, Camille E. Short, Gabe S. Sonke, Karen Steindorf, Martijn M. Stuiver, Dennis R. Taaffe, Lene Thorsen, Miranda J. Velthuis, Jennifer Wenzel, Kerri M. Winters-Stone, Joachim Wiskemann, Sveinung Berntsen, Laurien M. Buffart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: The number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of exercise among cancer survivors has increased in recent years; however, participants dropping out of the trials are rarely described. The objective of the present study was to assess which combinations of participant and exercise program characteristics were associated with dropout from the exercise arms of RCTs among cancer survivors. Methods: This study used data collected in the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) study, an international database of RCTs investigating the effects of exercise among cancer survivors. Thirty-four exercise trials, with a total of 2467 patients …

Remnant Cholesterol Traits And Risk Of Stroke: A Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study, Zhiyuan Wu, Yue Jiang, Zheng Guo, Pingan Li, Yulu Zheng, Yutao Wang, Haiping Zhang, Lois Balmer, Xingang Li, Lixin Tao, Qi Zhang, Bo Gao, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Observational epidemiological studies have reported a relationship between remnant cholesterol and stroke. However, the results are inconclusive, and causality remains unclear due to confounding or reverse causality. Our objective in this study was to investigate the causal relevance of remnant cholesterol and the risk of stroke and its subtypes using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) including 115,082 European individuals (UK Biobank) were used to identify instruments for remnant cholesterol, including intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. Summary-level data for total stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, ischemic stroke (IS), and IS subtypes were obtained …

Analysis Of The Outer Retinal Bands In Abca4 And Prph2-Associated Retinopathy Using Oct, Rachael C. Heath Jeffery, Johnny Lo, Jennifer A. Thompson, Tina M. Lamey, Terri L. Mclaren, John N. De Roach, Lauren N. Ayton, Andrea L. Vincent, Abhishek Sharma, Fred K. Chen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: To evaluate the outer retinal bands using OCT in ABCA4- and PRPH2-associated retinopathy and develop a novel imaging biomarker to differentiate between these 2 genotypes. Design: Multicenter case-control study. Participants: Patients with a clinical and genetic diagnosis of ABCA4- or PRPH2-associated retinopathy and an age-matched control group. Methods: Macular OCT was used to measure the thickness of the outer retinal bands 2 and 4 by 2 independent examiners at 4 retinal loci. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures included the thicknesses of band 2, band 4, and the band 2/band 4 ratio. Linear mixed modeling was used to make comparisons …

Core Competencies For Registered Nurse Preceptors: A Mapping Review Of Quantitative Studies, Colleen L. Ryan, Robyn Cant, Lynda Hughes, Darrelle Ahchay, Karen Strickland

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aims: To review the contemporary international literature on nurse preceptor competencies and map the components and their descriptors. Review Methods: A mapping review. Data Sources: Articles reporting evidence-based and validated Registered Nurse (RN) preceptor competencies published between 2013 and 2022 were identified. Open access databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar and the library healthcare databases Scopus and CINAHL were searched. The authors collaborated at each review stage that included screening, article selection, tabulation, mapping and preparation of findings. Results: Seven quantitative studies were included. Three were based on existing nurse preceptor competency data sets and four were purposely developed …

Edsuch: A Robust Ensemble Data Summarization Method For Effective Medical Diagnosis, Mohiuddin Ahmed, A. N. M. B. Rashid

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Identifying rare patterns for medical diagnosis is a challenging task due to heterogeneity and the volume of data. Data summarization can create a concise version of the original data that can be used for effective diagnosis. In this paper, we propose an ensemble summarization method that combines clustering and sampling to create a summary of the original data to ensure the inclusion of rare patterns. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no such technique available to augment the performance of anomaly detection techniques and simultaneously increase the efficiency of medical diagnosis. The performance of popular anomaly detection …

Audit Tools For Culturally Safe And Responsive Healthcare Practices With Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People: A Scoping Review, Jessica Muller, Susan Devine, Lynore Geia, Alice Cairns, Kylie Stothers, Paul Gibson, Donna Murray

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia face disparities in accessing culturally safe and appropriate health services. While current cultural safety and responsiveness frameworks set standards for improving healthcare practices, ensuring accountability and sustainability of changes, necessitates robust mechanisms for auditing and monitoring progress. This study examined existing cultural safety audit tools, and facilitators and barriers to implementation, in the context of providing culturally safe and responsive healthcare services with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This will assist organisations, interested in developing tools, to assess culturally responsive practice. A scoping review was undertaken using Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Informit …

Determining The Feasibility Of A Codesigned And Personalised Intervention (Veg4me) To Improve Vegetable Intake In Young Adults Living In Rural Australian Communities: Protocol For A Randomised Controlled Trial, Katherine M. Livingstone, Jonathan C. Rawstorn, Stephanie R. Partridge, Yuxin Zhang, Eric O, Stephanie L. Godrich, Sarah A. Mcnaughton, Gilly A. Hendrie, Kate Dullaghan, Gavin Abbott, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Ralph Maddison, Scott Barnett, John C. Mathers, Laura Alston

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

INTRODUCTION: Diets low in vegetables are a main contributor to the health burden experienced by young adults in rural communities. Digital health interventions provide an accessible delivery model that can be personalised to meet the diverse preferences of young adults. A personalisable digital vegetable intake intervention (Veg4Me) was codesigned to meet the needs of young adults living in rural communities. This study will determine the feasibility of delivering a personalised Veg4Me programme and compare preliminary effects with a non-personalised Veg4Me (control). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A 12-week assessor-blinded, two-arm, parallel randomised controlled trial will be undertaken from August 2023 until April …

Are Remote Health Clinics Primary Health Care Focused? Validation Of The Primary Health Care Engagement (Phce) Scale For The Australian Remote Primary Health Care Setting, Kylie Mccullough, Gemma Doleman, Melissa Dunham, Lisa Whitehead, Davina Porock

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

AIM: To test and validate a measure of primary health care (PHC) engagement in the Australian remote health context. BACKGROUND: PHC principles include quality improvement, community participation and orientation of health care, patient-centred continuity of care, accessibility, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Measuring the alignment of services with the principles of PHC provides a method of evaluating the quality of care in community settings. METHODS: A two-stage design of initial content and face validity evaluation by a panel of experts and then pilot-testing the instrument via survey methods was conducted. Twelve experts from clinical, education, management and research roles within the remote …

Physical Health Of People With Mental Illness: A Snapshot Of Consumer Engagement In The Provision Of Care In Primary Care., Irene Ngune, Dianne Wynaden, Karen Heslop

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Primary care is crucial to the health of people with mental illness. However, there is limited information on their reported engagement in this setting. This study surveyed 100 people with mental illness who had a general practitioner or a general practitioner and a case manager from a tertiary mental health service to determine their engagement level with their GP and what interventions they received to manage their health. Forty-four per cent had their psychotropic medications primarily prescribed by their GP, and 58% reported visiting their GP for physical health problems. Ninety-four point nine percent of participants aged 50 years and …

Variations In Strength-Speed-Power Performance Across The Season: Do True Changes Occur In Elite Rugby Players?, Irineu Loturco, Chris Bishop, Santiago Zabaloy, Túlio B. M. A. Moura, Maurício S. Ramos, Lucas A. Pereira, Michael R. Mcguigan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study aimed to determine, through the use of a highly sensitive statistical tool, whether real changes in performance were present; and compare the rates of meaningful variations in strength, speed, and power parameters at different time-points during the competitive season in national team rugby players. Thirty-two players were assessed 5 times across the season using the following tests: squat jump and countermovement jump tests; 30-m sprint velocity; and one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the half-squat and bench-press exercises. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to test for differences between successive time-points. Individual coefficients of variation values were used to …

Quantitative Comparison Of Presenilin Protein Expression Reveals Greater Activity Of Ps2-Γ-Secretase, Melissa K. Eccles, Nathan Main, Rodrigo Carlessi, Ayeisha M. Armstrong, Miheer Sabale, Brigid Roberts-Mok, Janina E. E. Tirnitz-Parker, Mark Agostino, David Groth, Paul E. Fraser, Giuseppe Verdile

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

γ-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) has long been of interest in the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its role in the generation of amyloid- . The catalytic component of the enzyme is the presenilins of which there are two homologues, Presenilin-1 (PS1) and Presenilin-2 (PS2). The field has focussed on the PS1 form of this enzyme, as it is typically considered the more active at APP processing. However, much of this work has been completed without appropriate consideration of the specific levels of protein expression of PS1 and PS2. We propose that expression is an …

Development Of A Regional Climate Change Model For Aedes Vigilax And Aedes Camptorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) In Perth, Western Australia, Kerry Staples, Peter J. Neville, Steven Richardson, Jacques Oosthuizen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Mosquito-borne disease is a significant public health issue and within Australia Ross River virus (RRV) is the most reported. This study combines a mechanistic model of mosquito development for two mosquito vectors; Aedes vigilax and Aedes camptorhynchus, with climate projections from three climate models for two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), to examine the possible effects of climate change and sea-level rise on a temperate tidal saltmarsh habitat in Perth, Western Australia. The projections were run under no accretion and accretion scenarios using a known mosquito habitat as a case study. This improves our understanding of the possible implications of sea-level …

Staff Perceptions On The Effectiveness Of Grip-S, A New Approach To Clinical Supervision Incorporating Safewards: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, Jennifer Hamilton, Amanda Cole, Richard Bostwick, Irene Ngune

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study explored the impact of an innovative approach to clinical supervision for mental health nurses which integrates Safewards, named Group Reflective integrated Practice with Safewards–GRiP-S. Qualitative data was collected through 10 individual semi-structured interviews with nursing staff who had participated within the clinical supervision approach. Interviews provided insights into the nursing staff’s perception and experience of the clinical supervision approach. Through interpretive phenomenological analysis six themes emerged (i) illuminating embodied practice of Safewards, (ii) building confidence through empowering connections, (iii) creating a culture of positive change, (iv) identifying internal motivation for and external barriers to supervision engagement, (v) navigating …

Developmental Origins Of Psycho-Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity In Adolescence And Their Underlying Pathways Through Methylation Markers: A Two-Cohort Study, Priyanka Choudhary, Justiina Ronkainen, Jennie Carson, Ville Karhunen, Ashleigh Lin, Phillip E. Melton, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Jouko Miettunen, Rae-Chi Huang, Sylvain Sebert

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Understanding the biological mechanisms behind multimorbidity patterns in adolescence is important as they may act as intermediary risk factor for long-term health. We aimed to explore relationship between prenatal exposures and adolescent’s psycho-cardiometabolic intermediary traits mediated through epigenetic biomarkers, using structural equation modeling (SEM). We used data from mother–child dyads from pregnancy and adolescents at 16–17 years from two prospective cohorts: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) and Raine Study from Australia. Factor analysis was applied to generate two different latent factor structures: (a) prenatal exposures and (b) adolescence psycho-cardiometabolic intermediary traits. Furthermore, three types of epigenetic biomarkers were included: …

Changes In Sleep Effort Mediate Insomnia Severity In Older Adults Following Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Yvonne Kutzer, Lisa Whitehead, Eimear Quigley, Mandy Stanley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background

To examine treatment mechanisms of digitally delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), this study assessed the mediating effects of dysfunctional beliefs, hyperarousal, locus of control, self-efficacy, sleep effort, and safety behaviours on self-reported insomnia severity in older adults before and following the completion of a self-guided, online CBT-I program.

Methods

The baseline and follow-up measurements were completed by 62 older adults (55 female, 89%). This was a two-condition within-participant design. Mediation analysis using a parallel mediation model was conducted using the MEMORE macro for repeated measure designs.

Results

Out of all the included mediator variables, only a reduction …

Blood Eosinophil-Guided Oral Prednisolone For Copd Exacerbations In Primary Care In The Uk (Starr2): A Non-Inferiority, Multicentre, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Controlled Trial, Sanjay Ramakrishnan, Helen Jeffers, Beverly Langford-Wiley, Joanne Davies, Samantha J. Thulborn, Mahdi Mahdi, Christine A'Court, Ian Binnian, Stephen Bright, Simon Cartwright, Victoria Glover, Alison Law, Robin Fox, Adam Jones, Christopher Davies, David Copping, Richard E. K. Russell, Mona Bafadhel

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Systemic glucocorticoids are recommended for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations; however, there is increased harm associated with their use. We hypothesised that the use of eosinophil biomarker-directed oral prednisolone therapy at the time of an exacerbation of COPD was effective at reducing prednisolone use without affecting adverse outcomes. Methods: The studying acute exacerbations and response (STARR2) study was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 14 primary care practices in the UK. We included adults (aged ≥ 40 years), who were current or former smokers (with at least a 10 pack year smoking history) with …