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Articles 1921 - 1950 of 2396

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Effect Of Clinical Decision Support On Documented Guideline Adherence For Head Ct In Emergency Department Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, A. Gupta, I. K. Ip, A. S. Raja, J. E. Andruchow, A. Sodickson, R. Khorasani Jan 2014

Effect Of Clinical Decision Support On Documented Guideline Adherence For Head Ct In Emergency Department Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, A. Gupta, I. K. Ip, A. S. Raja, J. E. Andruchow, A. Sodickson, R. Khorasani

Journal Articles

Imaging utilization in emergency departments (EDs) has increased significantly. More than half of the 1.2 million patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) presenting to US EDs receive head CT. While evidence-based guidelines can help emergency clinicians decide whether to obtain head CT in these patients, adoption of these guidelines has been highly variable. Promulgation of imaging efficiency guidelines by the National Quality Forum has intensified the need for performance reporting, but measuring adherence to these imaging guidelines currently requires labor-intensive and potentially inaccurate manual chart review. We implemented clinical decision support (CDS) based on published evidence to guide emergency …

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Examining Clinical Decision Support Integrity: Is Clinician Self-Reported Data Entry Accurate?, A. Gupta, A. S. Raja, R. Khorasani Jan 2014

Examining Clinical Decision Support Integrity: Is Clinician Self-Reported Data Entry Accurate?, A. Gupta, A. S. Raja, R. Khorasani

Journal Articles

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of clinician-entered data in imaging clinical decision support (CDS). We used CDS-guided CT angiography (CTA) for pulmonary embolus (PE) in the emergency department as a case example because it required clinician entry of d-dimer results which could be unambiguously compared with actual laboratory values. Of 1296 patients with CTA orders for suspected PE during 2011, 1175 (90.7%) had accurate d-dimer values entered. In 55 orders (4.2%), incorrectly entered data shielded clinicians from intrusive computer alerts, resulting in potential CTA overuse. Remaining data entry errors did not affect user workflow. We …

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The Hmgb1/Rage Inflammatory Pathway Promotes Pancreatic Tumor Growth By Regulating Mitochondrial Bioenergetics, R. Kang, D. Tang, N. E. Schapiro, T. Loux, K. M. Livesey, T. R. Billiar, H. Wang, B. Van Houten, M. T. Lotze, H. J. Zeh Jan 2014

The Hmgb1/Rage Inflammatory Pathway Promotes Pancreatic Tumor Growth By Regulating Mitochondrial Bioenergetics, R. Kang, D. Tang, N. E. Schapiro, T. Loux, K. M. Livesey, T. R. Billiar, H. Wang, B. Van Houten, M. T. Lotze, H. J. Zeh

Journal Articles

Tumor cells require increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to support anabolism and proliferation. The precise mechanisms regulating this process in tumor cells are unknown. Here, we show that the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and one of its primary ligands, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), are required for optimal mitochondrial function within tumors. We found that RAGE is present in the mitochondria of cultured tumor cells as well as primary tumors. RAGE and HMGB1 coordinately enhanced tumor cell mitochondrial complex I activity, ATP production, tumor cell proliferation and migration. Lack of RAGE or inhibition of HMGB1 release diminished ATP production …

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A Consensus Parameter For The Evaluation And Management Of Angioedema In The Emergency Department, J. J. Moellman, J. A. Bernstein, C. Lindsell, A. Banerji, P. J. Busse, C. A., Jr. Camargo, S. P. Collins, R. L. Campbell, S. Schneider, R. Sinert, +10 Additional Authors Jan 2014

A Consensus Parameter For The Evaluation And Management Of Angioedema In The Emergency Department, J. J. Moellman, J. A. Bernstein, C. Lindsell, A. Banerji, P. J. Busse, C. A., Jr. Camargo, S. P. Collins, R. L. Campbell, S. Schneider, R. Sinert, +10 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Despite its relatively common occurrence and life-threatening potential, the management of angioedema in the emergency department (ED) is lacking in terms of a structured approach. It is paramount to distinguish the different etiologies of angioedema from one another and more specifically differentiate histaminergic-mediated angioedema from bradykinin-mediated angioedema, especially in lieu of the more novel treatments that have recently become available for bradykinin-mediated angioedema. With this background in mind, this consensus parameter for the evaluation and management of angioedema attempts to provide a working framework for emergency physicians (EPs) in approaching the patient with angioedema in terms of diagnosis and management …

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Hmgb1 In Health And Disease, R. Kang, R. C. Chen, Q. H. Zhang, W. Hou, S. Wu, X. G. Fan, Z. W. Yan, X. F. Sun, H. C. Wang, D. L. Tang, +8 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Hmgb1 In Health And Disease, R. Kang, R. C. Chen, Q. H. Zhang, W. Hou, S. Wu, X. G. Fan, Z. W. Yan, X. F. Sun, H. C. Wang, D. L. Tang, +8 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG …

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Gender Differences In Acute And Chronic Pain In The Emergency Department: Results Of The 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Pain Section, P. I. Musey, S. D. Linnstaedt, T. F. Platts-Mills, J. R. Miner, A. V. Bortsov, D. C. Lee, C. S. Nam, R. G. Patel, R. B. Fillingim, S. A. Mclean, +12 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Gender Differences In Acute And Chronic Pain In The Emergency Department: Results Of The 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Pain Section, P. I. Musey, S. D. Linnstaedt, T. F. Platts-Mills, J. R. Miner, A. V. Bortsov, D. C. Lee, C. S. Nam, R. G. Patel, R. B. Fillingim, S. A. Mclean, +12 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Pain is a leading public health problem in the United States, with an annual economic burden of more than $630 billion, and is one of the most common reasons that individuals seek emergency department (ED) care. There is a paucity of data regarding sex differences in the assessment and treatment of acute and chronic pain conditions in the ED. The Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference convened in Dallas, Texas, in May 2014 to develop a research agenda to address this issue among others related to sex differences in the ED. Prior to the conference, experts and stakeholders from emergency medicine …

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The Use Of Decision Support To Measure Documented Adherence To A National Imaging Quality Measure, A. S. Raja, A. Gupta, I. K. Ip, A. M. Mills, R. Khorasani Jan 2014

The Use Of Decision Support To Measure Documented Adherence To A National Imaging Quality Measure, A. S. Raja, A. Gupta, I. K. Ip, A. M. Mills, R. Khorasani

Journal Articles

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Present methods for measuring adherence to national imaging quality measures often require a resource-intensive chart review. Computerized decision support systems may allow for automated capture of these data. We sought to determine the feasibility of measuring adherence to a national quality measure (NQM) regarding computed tomography pulmonary angiograms (CTPAs) for pulmonary embolism using measure-targeted clinical decision support and whether the associated increased burden of data captured required by this system would affect the use and yield of CTs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This institutional review board-approved prospective cohort study enrolled patients from September 1, 2009, through November 30, …

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No Man Is An Island: Living In A Disadvantaged Neighborhood Influences Chronic Pain Development After Motor Vehicle Collision, J. C. Ulirsch, M. A. Weaver, A. V. Bortsov, A. C. Soward, R. A. Swor, D. A. Peak, J. S. Jones, N. K. Rathlev, D. C. Lee, S. A. Mclean, +2 Additional Authors Jan 2014

No Man Is An Island: Living In A Disadvantaged Neighborhood Influences Chronic Pain Development After Motor Vehicle Collision, J. C. Ulirsch, M. A. Weaver, A. V. Bortsov, A. C. Soward, R. A. Swor, D. A. Peak, J. S. Jones, N. K. Rathlev, D. C. Lee, S. A. Mclean, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Living in a lower socioeconomic status neighborhood has been shown to alter stress system function and is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes, but its influence on musculoskeletal pain (MSP) outcomes after traumatic stress exposures such as motor vehicle collision (MVC) has not been assessed. We performed a multicenter, prospective study that enrolled 948 European-American individuals within 24 hours of MVC who were discharged home after emergency department evaluation. Follow-up evaluations were completed via telephone or Internet survey 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after MVC on 91%, 89%, and 91% of participants, respectively. A robust aggregate …

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Targeting Hmgb1 In The Treatment Of Sepsis, H. C. Wang, M. F. Ward, A. E. Sama Jan 2014

Targeting Hmgb1 In The Treatment Of Sepsis, H. C. Wang, M. F. Ward, A. E. Sama

Journal Articles

Introduction: Sepsis refers to the host's deleterious and non-resolving systemic inflammatory response to microbial infections and represents the leading cause of death in the intensive care unit. The pathogenesis of sepsis is complex, but partly mediated by a newly identified alarmin molecule, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Areas covered: Here we review the evidence that support extracellular HMGB1 as a late mediator of experimental sepsis with a wider therapeutic window and discuss the therapeutic potential of HMGB1-neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors (herbal components) in experimental sepsis. Expert opinion: It will be important to evaluate the efficacy of …

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Pkm2 Regulates The Warburg Effect And Promotes Hmgb1 Release In Sepsis, L. C. Yang, M. Xie, M. H. Yang, Y. Yu, S. Zhu, M. T. Lotze, T. R. Billiar, H. C. Wang, L. Z. Cao, D. L. Tang, +2 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Pkm2 Regulates The Warburg Effect And Promotes Hmgb1 Release In Sepsis, L. C. Yang, M. Xie, M. H. Yang, Y. Yu, S. Zhu, M. T. Lotze, T. R. Billiar, H. C. Wang, L. Z. Cao, D. L. Tang, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Increasing evidence suggests the important role of metabolic reprogramming in the regulation of the innate inflammatory response, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we provide evidence to support a novel role for the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)-mediated Warburg effect, namely aerobic glycolysis, in the regulation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release. PKM2 interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1 alpha) and activates the HIF-1 alpha-dependent transcription of enzymes necessary for aerobic glycolysis in macrophages. Knockdown of PKM2, HIF1 alpha and glycolysis-related genes uniformly decreases lactate production and HMGB1 release. Similarly, a potential PKM2 inhibitor, shikonin, reduces serum lactate …

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Intraperitoneal Administration Of Fetuin-A Attenuates D-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Failure In Mouse, P. Zhang, H. Shen, J. L. Huang, H. C. Wang, B. X. Zhang, R. R. Zhou, B. Y. Zhong, X. G. Fan Jan 2014

Intraperitoneal Administration Of Fetuin-A Attenuates D-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Failure In Mouse, P. Zhang, H. Shen, J. L. Huang, H. C. Wang, B. X. Zhang, R. R. Zhou, B. Y. Zhong, X. G. Fan

Journal Articles

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a devastating syndrome, which sometimes results in death or liver transplantation, in which inflammation would aggravate the development of fetuin-A which would act as an anti-inflammatory factor and may be an available approach to attenuate FHF. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fetuin-A on d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (d-GalN/LPS)-induced liver failure in mice. A mouse model of FHF induced by d-GalN/LPS was established and fetuin-A was injected intraperitoneally prior to d-GalN/LPS treatment. At different time points after d-GalN/LPS intervention, serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA. Fetuin-A mRNA and protein expression …

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Can Newly Developed, Rapid Immunochromatographic Antigen Detection Tests Be Reliably Used For The Laboratory Diagnosis Of Influenza Virus Infections?, J. J. Dunn, C. C. Ginocchio Jan 2014

Can Newly Developed, Rapid Immunochromatographic Antigen Detection Tests Be Reliably Used For The Laboratory Diagnosis Of Influenza Virus Infections?, J. J. Dunn, C. C. Ginocchio

Journal Articles

Five years ago, the Point-Counterpoint series was launched. The initial article asked about the role of rapid immunochromatographic antigen testing in diagnosis of influenza A virus 2009 H1N1 infection (1). Since that article, major changes have been made not only in immunochromatographic antigen detection (IAD) test for the influenza viruses but there also has been rapid development of commercially available nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for influenza virus detection as well. Further, a novel variant of influenza A, H7N9, has emerged in Asia and H5N1 is also re-emergent. In this initial article, the editor of this series, Peter Gilligan, identified …

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Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease), C. Q. Fan, J. M. Crawford Jan 2014

Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease), C. Q. Fan, J. M. Crawford

Journal Articles

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is an obliterative venulitis of the terminal hepatic venules, which in its more severe forms imparts a high risk of mortality. SOS, also known as veno-occlusive disease (VOD), occurs as a result of cytoreductive therapy prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), following oxaliplatin-containing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver and treated by partial hepatectomy, in patients taking pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing herbal remedies, and in other particular settings such as the autosomal recessive condition of veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency (VODI). A central pathogenic event is toxic destruction of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial …

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Clozapine-Induced Agranulocytosis Is Associated With Rare Hla-Dqb1 And Hla-B Alleles, J. I. Goldstein, L. F. Jarskog, C. Hilliard, A. Alfirevic, H. L. Huang, M. Lek, A. L. Holden, D. L. Kelly, A. K. Malhotra, P. F. Sullivan, +21 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Clozapine-Induced Agranulocytosis Is Associated With Rare Hla-Dqb1 And Hla-B Alleles, J. I. Goldstein, L. F. Jarskog, C. Hilliard, A. Alfirevic, H. L. Huang, M. Lek, A. L. Holden, D. L. Kelly, A. K. Malhotra, P. F. Sullivan, +21 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Clozapine is a particularly effective antipsychotic medication but its use is curtailed by the risk of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis/granulocytopenia (CIAG), a severe adverse drug reaction occurring in up to 1% of treated individuals. Identifying genetic risk factors for CIAG could enable safer and more widespread use of clozapine. Here we perform the largest and most comprehensive genetic study of CIAG to date by interrogating 163 cases using genomewide genotyping and whole-exome sequencing. We find that two loci in the major histocompatibility complex are independently associated with CIAG: a single amino acid in HLA-DQB1 (126Q) (P = 4.7 x 10(-14), odds ratio …

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Sudden Unexpected Death In Schizophrenia: Autopsy Findings In Psychiatric Inpatients, P. Ifteni, C. U. Correll, V. Burtea, J. M. Kane, P. Manu Jan 2014

Sudden Unexpected Death In Schizophrenia: Autopsy Findings In Psychiatric Inpatients, P. Ifteni, C. U. Correll, V. Burtea, J. M. Kane, P. Manu

Journal Articles

Schizophrenia is associated with premature mortality and a high rate of sudden, unexpected deaths. Autopsy data are scant, and in studies using death certificates or root cause assessments, a majority of sudden deaths remained unexplained. In the community, post-mortem data indicate that the most common cause of sudden "natural" death is coronary artery disease. In this study, we used autopsy findings to determine the cause of sudden death in a consecutive cohort of 7189 schizophrenia patients admitted to a free-standing, psychiatric teaching hospital from 1989 to 2013. Medical record review identified 57 patients (0.79%) who died suddenly and unexpectedly during …

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Schizophrenia Relapse After Stopping Olanzapine Treatment During Pregnancy: A Case Report, P. Ifteni, M. A. Moga, V. Burtea, C. U. Correll Jan 2014

Schizophrenia Relapse After Stopping Olanzapine Treatment During Pregnancy: A Case Report, P. Ifteni, M. A. Moga, V. Burtea, C. U. Correll

Journal Articles

Women with schizophrenia have a high risk for symptom exacerbation or relapse during pregnancy and thereafter. Relapses are more frequent when antipsychotics are discontinued. This paper describes the case of a 28-year old woman with schizophrenia who continued treatment with olanzapine during the first trimester. Olanzapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, was administered at a therapeutic dose from week 1 of gestation until week 13 when she reported the pregnancy to her psychiatrist. Despite the psychiatrist's recommendation to continue treatment, the patient stopped olanzapine at 20 weeks. She was hospitalized at week 36 for a schizophrenia relapse and was transferred to the …

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Altered White Matter Microstructure Is Associated With Social Cognition And Psychotic Symptoms In 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome, M. Jalbrzikowski, J. E. Villalon-Reina, K. H. Karlsgodt, D. Senturk, C. Chow, P. M. Thompson, C. E. Bearden Jan 2014

Altered White Matter Microstructure Is Associated With Social Cognition And Psychotic Symptoms In 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome, M. Jalbrzikowski, J. E. Villalon-Reina, K. H. Karlsgodt, D. Senturk, C. Chow, P. M. Thompson, C. E. Bearden

Journal Articles

22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a highly penetrant genetic mutation associated with a significantly increased risk for psychosis. Aberrant neurodevelopment may lead to inappropriate neural circuit formation and cerebral dysconnectivity in 22q11DS, which may contribute to symptom development. Here we examined: (1) differences between 22q11DS participants and typically developing controls in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures within white matter tracts; (2) whether there is an altered age-related trajectory of white matter pathways in 22q11DS; and (3) relationships between DTI measures, social cognition task performance, and positive symptoms of psychosis in 22q11DS and typically developing controls. Sixty-four direction diffusion weighted imaging …

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The Relation Between Diabetes Self-Efficacy And Psychological Distress Among Older Adults: Do Racial And Ethnic Differences Exist?, G. Kim, Ruth Shim, K. L. Ford, T. A. Baker Jan 2014

The Relation Between Diabetes Self-Efficacy And Psychological Distress Among Older Adults: Do Racial And Ethnic Differences Exist?, G. Kim, Ruth Shim, K. L. Ford, T. A. Baker

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: This study examined racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between diabetes self-efficacy and psychological distress among older adults with diabetes mellitus. METHOD: Adults aged 60 or older with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (N = 3,067) were drawn from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: After controlling for covariates, African Americans and those with higher levels of diabetes self-efficacy tended to have lower levels of psychological distress. Significant interactions were found in the Hispanic/Latino and Asian groups: The effect of diabetes self-efficacy on psychological distress was greater for Hispanics/Latinos and Asians than …

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Molecular Genetic Evidence For Overlap Between General Cognitive Ability And Risk For Schizophrenia: A Report From The Cognitive Genomics Consortium (Cogent), T. Lencz, E. Knowles, G. Davies, S. Guha, D. C. Liewald, J. M. Starr, S. Djurovic, I. Melle, K. Sundet, A. Christoforou, I. Reinvang, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, A. Lundervold, V. M. Steen, M. John, T. Espeseth, K. Raikkonen, E. Widen, A. Palotie, J. G. Eriksson, I. Giegling, B. Konte, M. Ikeda, P. Roussos, S. Giakoumaki, K. E. Burdick, A. Payton, W. Ollier, M. Horan, G. Donohoe, D. Morris, A. Corvin, M. Gill, N. Pendleton, N. Iwata, A. Darvasi, P. Bitsios, D. Rujescu, J. Lahti, S. L. Hellard, M. C. Keller, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, Anil Malhotra Jan 2014

Molecular Genetic Evidence For Overlap Between General Cognitive Ability And Risk For Schizophrenia: A Report From The Cognitive Genomics Consortium (Cogent), T. Lencz, E. Knowles, G. Davies, S. Guha, D. C. Liewald, J. M. Starr, S. Djurovic, I. Melle, K. Sundet, A. Christoforou, I. Reinvang, S. Mukherjee, P. Derosse, A. Lundervold, V. M. Steen, M. John, T. Espeseth, K. Raikkonen, E. Widen, A. Palotie, J. G. Eriksson, I. Giegling, B. Konte, M. Ikeda, P. Roussos, S. Giakoumaki, K. E. Burdick, A. Payton, W. Ollier, M. Horan, G. Donohoe, D. Morris, A. Corvin, M. Gill, N. Pendleton, N. Iwata, A. Darvasi, P. Bitsios, D. Rujescu, J. Lahti, S. L. Hellard, M. C. Keller, O. A. Andreassen, I. J. Deary, D. C. Glahn, Anil Malhotra

Journal Articles

It has long been recognized that generalized deficits in cognitive ability represent a core component of schizophrenia (SCZ), evident before full illness onset and independent of medication. The possibility of genetic overlap between risk for SCZ and cognitive phenotypes has been suggested by the presence of cognitive deficits in first-degree relatives of patients with SCZ; however, until recently, molecular genetic approaches to test this overlap have been lacking. Within the last few years, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of SCZ have demonstrated that a substantial proportion of the heritability of the disorder is explained by a polygenic component consisting of …

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The Relationship Between Fasting Serum Glucose And Cerebral Glucose Metabolism In Late-Life Depression And Normal Aging, C. M. Marano, C. I. Workman, C. H. Lyman, E. Kramer, C. R. Hermann, Y. L. Ma, V. Dhawan, T. Chaly, D. Eidelberg, G. S. Smith Jan 2014

The Relationship Between Fasting Serum Glucose And Cerebral Glucose Metabolism In Late-Life Depression And Normal Aging, C. M. Marano, C. I. Workman, C. H. Lyman, E. Kramer, C. R. Hermann, Y. L. Ma, V. Dhawan, T. Chaly, D. Eidelberg, G. S. Smith

Journal Articles

Evidence exists for late-life depression (LLD) as both a prodrome of and risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Impaired peripheral glucose metabolism may explain the association between depression and AD given the connection between type 2 diabetes mellitus with both depression and AD. Positron emission tomography (PET) measures of cerebral glucose metabolism are sensitive to detecting changes in neural circuitry in LLD and AD. Fasting serum glucose (FSG) in non-diabetic young (YC; n=20) and elderly controls (EC; n=12) and LLD patients (n = 16) was correlated with PET scans of cerebral glucose metabolism …

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Copy Number Variation In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder And Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Disorder Study, L. M. Mcgrath, D. M. Yu, C. Marshall, L. K. Davis, B. Thiruvahindrapuram, B. B. Li, C. Cappi, R. D. Bruun, Cathy Budman, J. M. Scharf, +112 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Copy Number Variation In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder And Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Disorder Study, L. M. Mcgrath, D. M. Yu, C. Marshall, L. K. Davis, B. Thiruvahindrapuram, B. B. Li, C. Cappi, R. D. Bruun, Cathy Budman, J. M. Scharf, +112 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are heritable neurodevelopmental disorders with a partially shared genetic etiology. This study represents the first genome-wide investigation of large (>500 kb), rare (

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Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci, S. Ripke, B. M. Neale, A. Corvin, J. T. R. Walters, K. H. Farh, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, Consortium Psychiat Genomics, Conso Psychosis Endophenotypes Int, Consor Wellcome Trust Case-Control, +292 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Biological Insights From 108 Schizophrenia-Associated Genetic Loci, S. Ripke, B. M. Neale, A. Corvin, J. T. R. Walters, K. H. Farh, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, Consortium Psychiat Genomics, Conso Psychosis Endophenotypes Int, Consor Wellcome Trust Case-Control, +292 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide association studies. Here we report a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study of up to 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls. We identify 128 independent associations spanning 108 conservatively defined loci that meet genome-wide significance, 83 of which have not been previously reported. Associations were enriched among genes expressed in brain, providing biological plausibility for the findings. Many findings have the potential to provide entirely new insights into aetiology, but associations at DRD2 and …

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Affective Temperaments And Neurocognitive Functioning In Bipolar Disorder, M. Russo, K. Mahon, M. Shanahan, E. Ramjas, C. Solon, R. Braga, K. E. Burdick Jan 2014

Affective Temperaments And Neurocognitive Functioning In Bipolar Disorder, M. Russo, K. Mahon, M. Shanahan, E. Ramjas, C. Solon, R. Braga, K. E. Burdick

Journal Articles

Background: There is evidence that patients with bipolar disorder (BD) score higher on affective temperament ratings compared to healthy controls (HCs). Moreover, unaffected relatives demonstrate similar patterns as BD patients suggesting that such temperaments are related to the genetic risk for BD and may serve as endophenotypes for the disorder, It is unknown whether affective temperaments are associated with other core features of BD, such as impairments in neurocognition. This study examined the relationship between affective temperaments and neurocognition in patients with BD and in HCs. Methods: Temperaments were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San …

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Default Mode Network Connectivity And Reciprocal Social Behavior In 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, M. J. Schreiner, K. H. Karlsgodt, L. Q. Uddin, C. Chow, E. Congdon, M. Jalbrzikowski, C. E. Bearden Jan 2014

Default Mode Network Connectivity And Reciprocal Social Behavior In 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, M. J. Schreiner, K. H. Karlsgodt, L. Q. Uddin, C. Chow, E. Congdon, M. Jalbrzikowski, C. E. Bearden

Journal Articles

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic mutation associated with disorders of cortical connectivity and social dysfunction. However, little is known about the functional connectivity (FC) of the resting brain in 22q11DS and its relationship with social behavior. A seed-based analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data was used to investigate FC associated with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), in (26) youth with 22qDS and (51) demographically matched controls. Subsequently, the relationship between PCC connectivity and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores was examined in 22q11DS participants. Relative to 22q11DS participants, controls showed significantly stronger FC between the PCC and …

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Aggression In Schizophrenia And Its Relationship To Neural Circuitry Of Urgency, P. Szeszko Jan 2014

Aggression In Schizophrenia And Its Relationship To Neural Circuitry Of Urgency, P. Szeszko

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No abstract provided.

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Functional Development In Clinical High Risk Youth: Prediction Of Schizophrenia Versus Other Psychotic Disorders, S. I. Tarbox, J. Addington, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, L. J. Seidman, M. T. Tsuang, E. F. Walker, S. W. Woods, +2 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Functional Development In Clinical High Risk Youth: Prediction Of Schizophrenia Versus Other Psychotic Disorders, S. I. Tarbox, J. Addington, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. Cornblatt, D. O. Perkins, L. J. Seidman, M. T. Tsuang, E. F. Walker, S. W. Woods, +2 Additional Authors

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This study evaluates premorbid social and academic functioning in clinical high-risk individuals as predictors of transition to schizophrenia versus another psychotic disorder. Participants were 54 individuals enrolled in phase one of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study who over two and a half years of follow-up met criteria for schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder (n=28) or another psychotic disorder (n=26). Social and academic functioning in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence was assessed at baseline using the Cannon-Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Social maladjustment in late adolescence predicted significantly higher odds of transition to schizophrenia versus another psychotic disorder independent of childhood and early …

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Stress Exposure And Sensitivity In The Clinical High-Risk Syndrome: Initial Findings From The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls), H. D. Trotman, C. W. Holtzman, E. F. Walker, J. M. Addington, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. Cornblatt, R. K. Heinssen, T. H. Mcglashan, +5 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Stress Exposure And Sensitivity In The Clinical High-Risk Syndrome: Initial Findings From The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (Napls), H. D. Trotman, C. W. Holtzman, E. F. Walker, J. M. Addington, C. E. Bearden, K. S. Cadenhead, T. D. Cannon, B. Cornblatt, R. K. Heinssen, T. H. Mcglashan, +5 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

There is inconsistent evidence for increased stress exposure among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Yet similar to patients with a diagnosed psychotic illness, the preponderance of evidence suggests that CHR individuals tend to experience stressful life events (LE) and daily hassles (DH) as more subjectively stressful than healthy individuals. The present study utilizes data from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 2 (NAPLS-2) to test the hypotheses that (1) CHR individuals manifest higher self-reported stress in response to both LE and DH when compared to healthy controls (HC), (2) group differences in self-reported stress increase with …

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Moderator Effects Of Working Memory On The Stability Of Adhd Symptoms By Dopamine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms During Development, J. Trampush, M. M. Jacobs, Y. L. Hurd, J. H. Newcorn, J. M. Halperin Jan 2014

Moderator Effects Of Working Memory On The Stability Of Adhd Symptoms By Dopamine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms During Development, J. Trampush, M. M. Jacobs, Y. L. Hurd, J. H. Newcorn, J. M. Halperin

Journal Articles

We tested the hypothesis that dopamine D1 and D2 receptor gene (DRD1 and DRD2, respectively) polymorphisms and the development of working memory skills can interact to influence symptom change over 10 years in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Specifically, we examined whether improvements in working memory maintenance and manipulation from childhood to early adulthood predicted the reduction of ADHD symptoms as a function of allelic variation in DRD1 and DRD2. Participants were 76 7-11-year-old children with ADHD who were genotyped and prospectively followed for almost 10 years. ADHD symptoms were rated using the Attention Problems scale on the Child Behavior …

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Rdocs Redux, D. R. Weinberger, T. Goldberg Jan 2014

Rdocs Redux, D. R. Weinberger, T. Goldberg

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Decomposing Decision Components In The Stop-Signal Task: A Model-Based Approach To Individual Differences In Inhibitory Control, C. N. White, E. Congdon, J. A. Mumford, K. H. Karlsgodt, F. W. Sabb, N. B. Freimer, E. D. London, T. D. Cannon, R. M. Bilder, R. A. Poldrack Jan 2014

Decomposing Decision Components In The Stop-Signal Task: A Model-Based Approach To Individual Differences In Inhibitory Control, C. N. White, E. Congdon, J. A. Mumford, K. H. Karlsgodt, F. W. Sabb, N. B. Freimer, E. D. London, T. D. Cannon, R. M. Bilder, R. A. Poldrack

Journal Articles

The stop-signal task, in which participants must inhibit prepotent responses, has been used to identify neural systems that vary with individual differences in inhibitory control. To explore how these differences relate to other aspects of decision making, a drift-diffusion model of simple decisions was fitted to stop-signal task data from go trials to extract measures of caution, motor execution time, and stimulus processing speed for each of 123 participants. These values were used to probe fMRI data to explore individual differences in neural activation. Faster processing of the go stimulus correlated with greater activation in the right frontal pole for …

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