Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Physical And Social Contexts Of Physical Activities Among Adolescent Girls, Joanne Kuo, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Kelly R. Evenson, Thomas L. Mckenzie, Jared B. Jobe, Ariane L. Rung, Joel Gittelsohn, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: With limited opportunities for physical activity during school hours, it is important to understand the contexts of physical activities done outside of school time. Given the importance of physical and social aspects of environments, the purpose of this study was to describe where and with whom girls participate in physical activities outside of school. Methods: Participants were 1925 sixth-grade girls in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG). At baseline, they completed a 3-day physical activity recall (3DPAR), reporting the main activity performed during 30-minute intervals and the physical and social contexts of physical activities. Results: The most …

Argument Structure Effects In Action Verb Naming In Static And Dynamic Conditions, Dirk B. Den Ouden, Steve Fix, Todd B. Parrish, Cynthia K. Thompson

Faculty Publications

Argument structure, as in the participant roles entailed within the lexical representation of verbs, affects verb processing. Recent neuroimaging studies show that when verbs are heard or read, the posterior temporoparietal region shows increased activation for verbs with greater versus lesser argument structure complexity, usually bilaterally. In addition, patients with agrammatic aphasia show verb production deficits, graded based on argument structure complexity. In the present study, we used fMRI to examine the neural correlates of verb production in overt action naming conditions. In addition, we tested the differential effects of naming when verbs were presented dynamically in video segments versus …

Eating Routines: Embedded, Value Based, Modifiable, And Reflective, Margaret M. Jastran, Carole A. Bisogni, Jeffrey Sobal, Christine E. Blake, Carol M. Devine

Faculty Publications

Eating routines are a compelling issue because recurring eating behaviors influence nutrition and health. As non-traditional and individualized eating patterns have become more common, new ways of thinking about routine eating practices are needed. This study sought to gain conceptual understanding of working adults' eating routines. Forty-two purposively sampled US adults reported food intake and contextual details about eating episodes in qualitative 24-h dietary recalls conducted over 7 consecutive days. Using the constant comparative method, researchers analyzed interview transcripts for recurrent ways of eating that were either explicitly reported by study participants as "routines" or emergent in the data. Participants' …

Changes In Weight, Waist Circumference And Compensatory Responses With Different Doses Of Exercise Among Sedentary, Overweight Postmenopausal Women, Timothy S. Church, Corby K. Martin, Angela M. Thompson, Conrad P. Earnest, Catherine R. Mikus, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background: It has been suggested that exercise training results in compensatory mechanisms that attenuate weight loss. However, this has only been examined with large doses of exercise. The goal of this analysis was to examine actual weight loss compared to predicted weight loss (compensation) across different doses of exercise in a controlled trial of sedentary, overweight or obese postmenopausal women (n=41).

Methodology/Principal Findings: Participants were randomized to a non-exercise control (n=94) or 1 of 3 exercise groups; exercise energy expenditure of 4 (n=139), 8 (n=85), or 12 (n=93) kcal/kg/week (KKW). Training intensity was set at the heart rate associated with …

A Structural Interpretation Of The Effect Of Gc-Content On Efficiency Of Rna Interference, Chi Yu Chan, C Steven Carmack, Dang D. Long, Anil Maliyekkel, Yu Shao, Igor Roninson, Ye Ding

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) has become a powerful technique for eukaryotic gene knockdown. siRNA GC-content negatively correlates with RNAi efficiency, and it is of interest to have a convincing mechanistic interpretation of this observation. We here examine this issue by considering the secondary structures for both the target messenger RNA (mRNA) and the siRNA guide strand. RESULTS: By analyzing a unique homogeneous data set of 101 shRNAs targeted to 100 endogenous human genes, we find that: 1) target site accessibility is more important than GC-content for efficient RNAi; 2) …

Antenatal Peer Support Workers And Initiation Of Breast Feeding: Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial, Christine Macarthur, Kate Jolly, Lucy Annang Ingram Phd, Nick Freemantle, Cindy-Lee Dennis, Ros Hamburger, Julia Brown, Jackie Chambers, Khalid Khan

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of an antenatal service using community based breastfeeding peer support workers on initiation of breast feeding. DESIGN: Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Community antenatal clinics in one primary care trust in a multiethnic, deprived population. PARTICIPANTS: 66 antenatal clinics with 2511 pregnant women: 33 clinics including 1140 women were randomised to receive the peer support worker service and 33 clinics including 1371 women were randomised to receive standard care. INTERVENTION: An antenatal peer support worker service planned to comprise a minimum of two contacts with women to provide advice, information, and support from approximately 24 …

Does Television Viewing Predict Dietary Intake Five Years Later In High School Students And Young Adults?, Daheia J. Barr-Anderson, Nicole I. Larson, Melissa C. Nelson, Dianne R. Neumark-Sztainer, Mary Story

Faculty Publications

Background: Prior research has found that television viewing is associated with poor diet quality, though little is known about its long-term impact on diet, particularly during adolescence. This study examined the associations between television viewing behavior with dietary intake five years later.

Methods: Survey data, which included television viewing time and food frequency questionnaires, were analyzed for 564 middle school students (younger cohort) and 1366 high school students (older cohort) who had complete data available at Time1 (1998-1999) and five years later at Time 2 (mean age at Time 2, 17.2 ± 0.6 and 20.5 ± 0.8 years, respectively). Regression …

How Can A Video Game Cause Panic Attacks? 1. Effects Of An Auditory Stressor On The Human Brainstem, Judith Lauter, Elizabeth Mathukutty, Brandon Scott

Faculty Publications

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was recorded during simultaneous binaural presentation of two types of sounds: 1) condensation clicks presented through in-the-ear earphones at 43.1/sec, 60dB nHL; and 2) recordings of breathing sounds, presented through supra-aural headphones, at levels adjusted by participants to be equivalent to the clicks. In alternate blocks, the breathing sounds were either: 1) a recording of quiet breathing (blocks 1, 3, 5); or 2) a recording of erratic (stressed) breathing (blocks 2, 4). The erratic breathing was modeled on a video game soundtrack in which the character was represented as running, wounded, and frightened. Four 2048-sweep …

Singlet Oxygen Delivery Through The Porous Cap Of A Hollow-Core Fiber Optic Device, Matibur Zamadar, David Aebisher, Alexander Greer

Faculty Publications

The development of the first photosensitizer/fiber optic device is reported. An oxygen-flowing, fiber-capped configuration is used for the application of heterogeneous, spatially confined singlet oxygen delivery in aqueous media. This is a unique device, unlike other heterogeneous photosensitizers, in which local concentrations of singlet oxygen can be delivered via introduction and withdrawal of the fiber tip.

Does A Gatekeeper Suicide Prevention Program Work In A School Setting? Evaluating Training Outcome And Moderators Of Effectiveness, Tanya L. Tompkins, Jody Witt, Nadia Abraibesh

Faculty Publications

The current study sought to evaluate the suicide prevention gatekeeper training program QPR (Question, Persuade, and Refer) among school personnel using a non-equivalent control group design. Substantial gains were demonstrated from pre- to post-test for attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs regarding suicide and suicide prevention. Exploratory analyses revealed the possible moderating effects of age, professional role, prior training, and recent contact with suicidal youth on QPR participants’ general knowledge, questioning, attitudes toward suicide and suicide prevention, QPR quiz scores, and self-efficacy. The need for replication using a more rigorous experimental design in the context of strong community collaboration is discussed.

The Short-Term Effectiveness Of A Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program In A College Setting With Residence Life Advisers, Tanya L. Tompkins, Jody Witt

Faculty Publications

Although the college years prove to be a vulnerable time for students and a critical period for suicide prevention, few school-based prevention strategies have been empirically evaluated. The current study examined the short-term effects of QPR (Question, Persuade, and Refer), a gatekeeper training program that teaches how to recognize warning signs, question suicidal intent, listen to problems, and refer for help. The 122 residence advisers (RAs) who were trained in QPR demonstrated significant post-training gains across a variety of domains relevant to suicide and suicide prevention, with the 60 completing the follow-up assessment showing sustained knowledge and appraisals into the …

The Disordered And Discredited Plaintiff: Psychiatric Evidence In Civil Litigation, Deirdre M. Smith

Faculty Publications

This Article closely examines civil defendants' use of evidence of a plaintiff's alleged current or prior psychiatric diagnosis or treatment by analyzing and critiquing the three primary rationales offered in support of the relevancy of such evidence: to suggest an alternative or underlying cause of the plaintiff's alleged psychological injuries; to impeach the plaintiff's credibility by asserting that a mental illness interferes with her ability to recount or to perceive events accurately; and to reveal certain propensities that inform how the plaintiff likely acted with respect to the events at issue in the litigation. I note that, while attaching a …

Care Of The Dying Child: Pediatric Icu Nurses’ Perceptions Of Obstacles And Supportive Behaviors In End-Of-Life Care, Renea L. Beckstrand, Lynn Clark Callister, Barbara L. Mandleco, Nicole L. Rawle

Faculty Publications

Each year 55,000 children die in the United States. The vast majority of children’s deaths, 75 – 85%, occur in hospital settings with most in pediatric intensive care units. Oftentimes, a nurse is at the bedside of the dying child. Determining the barriers and supportive behaviors in pediatric end-of-life (EOL) care is needed.

Public Opinion On Childhood Obesity As A Driving Force For Policy And Intervention Development, Charkarra Anderson-Lewis, Bonnie Harbaugh, Jerome R. Kolbo, Lei Zhang

Faculty Publications

Childhood obesity is a complex issue in which evidence describing strategies and methods for prevention are needed. It is important that the public’s perception of childhood obesity is understood. This includes determining attitudes about childhood obesity and assessing support for an array of policies and prevention initiatives. A multidisciplinary research team at The University of Southern Mississippi conducted the Mississippi Public Perception of Childhood Obesity telephone survey. Childhood obesity information was elicited from 1,352 Mississippi adults. Telephone interviewing was conducted using WinCATI on a sample selected using random-digit dialing. Data were weighted to reflect race, sex, and age distribution of …

A Field-Based Testing Protocol For Assessing Gross Motor Skills In Preschool Children: The Children's Activity And Movement In Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol, Harriet G. Williams, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Marsha Dowda, Chevy Jeter, Shaverra Jones, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable tool for use in assessing motor skills in preschool children in field-based settings. The development of the Children’s Activity and Movement in Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol included evidence of its reliability and validity for use in field-based environments as part of large epidemiological studies. Following pilot work, 297 children (3–5 years old) from 22 preschools were tested using the final version of the Children’s Activity and Movement in Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol and the Test of Gross Motor Development (2nd Edition). Reliability of the Children’s Activity …

Health Literacy In The Mathematics Classroom: The Iowa Core Curriculum As An Opportunity To Deepen Students’ Understanding Of Mathematics, Elana Joram, Susan Roberts-Dobie, Nadene Davidson

Faculty Publications

By 2012, all high schools in Iowa will be required to incorporate the new Iowa Core Curriculum, followed by elementary and middle schools in 2014 (Iowa Department of Education, 2009). The Iowa Core Curriculum addresses the question: "How is Iowa's educational system preparing our youth for successful lives in the 21st-century global environment?" (Davidson, 2009). It consists of core content standards, and identifies essential concepts and skills for content areas. The Iowa Core Curriculum also includes the ―21st Century Skills‖ of ―health, financial, technology, and civic literacy, and employability skills. These skills are to be infused into existing subject matter …

Successfully Incorporating Writing Across The Curriculum With Advanced Writing In Nursing, Karlen E. Luthy, Neil E. Peterson, Jane H. Lassetter, Lynn C. Callister

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to explain the concepts of Writing Across the Curriculum, Writing in the Disciplines, and Writing to Learn, and to describe the incorporation of advanced writing into a baccalaureate nursing program and provide suggestions for accessing resources and promoting success. The goals of incorporating Writing Across the Curriculum, Writing in the Disciplines, and Writing to Learn concepts into nursing curriculum are to assist nursing students to achieve competence in clinically relevant writing assignments; to demonstrate critical thinking and communication skills, both oral and written; to execute useful literature searches; to read and understand research reports; …

Lead Poisoning: An Alarming Public Health Problem In Bangladesh, Amal K. Mitra, Akhlaque Haque, Manirul Islam, S.A. M.K. Bashar

Faculty Publications

To assess the risk of lead poisoning among preschool and school-aged children in Bangladesh, 345 children were screened for blood lead levels (BLLs) from one rural and two urban areas in Bangladesh from September 2007 through January 2008. An urban industrial area at Tongi was identified as a disaster area, where 99% (104/105) of those tested had BLLs >= 10 mu g/dL. Industrial emissions and use of leaded gasoline by two-stroke engine vehicles were identified as possible sources of lead in that area. A rural nonindustrial area at Chirirbandar, Dinajpur was identified as another high-risk area, where 14% of the …

Apgar Scores And Oxygenation Levels: A Comparison Of Vaginal And Cesarean Section Modes Of Delivery, Allison Holt, Patricia K. Ravert

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare Apgar scores and oxygenation levels (two measures of birth outcomes) of well infants born by Cesarean section (c-section) to those delivered vaginally.

Psychometric Properties Of The Self-Assessment Of The Interpersonal Relationship Scale, Karen S. Dearing, Sheryl Steadman

Faculty Publications

The nurse-patient relationship is the basis of psychiatric nursing. The use of self defines nursing as an interactive, exploratory, caring, and health promoting process. No tool has been developed to determine specific areas for competency building using the principles of developing an interpersonal relationship. The specific aims of the study were two-fold: establish the reliability and validity of the Self-Assessment of the Interpersonal Relationship Scale (SAIRS) and determine the ability of SAIRS to measure student nurses development of interpersonal competencies with patients.

Engaging Students In The Fundamental Skill Lab: Scenario Based Simulations, Deborah O. Himes, Patricia K. Ravert, Colleen R. Tingey

Faculty Publications

Aims of this study: Students will be actively engaged in the basic nursing skills lab and develop critical nursing behaviors including:

- Assessment/ Intervention/ Evaluation

- Critical Thinking/ Clinical Decision Making

- Direct Patient Care

- Communication/ Collaboration

- Professional Behaviors.

Students will also remember more of what they learn through story-telling (patient cases) and role-playing. They will come prepared to perform as a nurse in lab.

Sample Size Calculation For Finding Unseen Species, Hongmei Zhang, Hal Stern

Faculty Publications

Estimation of the number of species extant in a geographic region has been discussed in the statistical literature for more than sixty years. The focus of this work is on the use of pilot data to design future studies in this context. A Dirichlet-multinomial probability model for species frequency data is used to obtain a posterior distribution on the number of species and to learn about the distribution of species frequencies. A geometric distribution is proposed as the prior distribution for the number of species. Simulations demonstrate that this prior distribution can handle a wide range of species frequency distributions …

Laryngeal-Level Amplitude Modulation In Vibrato, Christopher Dromey, Lorie Reese, J Arden Hopkin

Faculty Publications

Summary: The goal of this investigation was to test a new methodology for measuring amplitude modulation (AM) at the level of the vocal folds during vibrato in trained singers, because previous research has suggested that AM arises in large part as an acoustic epiphenomenon through an interaction of the harmonics in the laryngeal source with the resonances of the vocal tract as the fundamental frequency oscillates. A within-subjects model was used to compare vocal activity across three pitch and three loudness conditions. Seventeen female singers with a range of training and experience were recorded with a microphone and an electroglottograph …

Older Adults With Traumatic Rib Fractures: An Evidence-Based Approach To Their Care, Blaine A. Winters

Faculty Publications

It is expected that over the next decade the population of older adults in the United States will increase dramatically. As the older adult population increases, the number of older adults involved in traumatic accidents is also expected to climb. The older population is at na increased risk for complications and poor outcomes following trauma. Practitioners caring for these older adults will need to use evidence-based practice guidelines in an attempt to improve outcomes. This article provides a clinical guideline for the assessment and management of pain in older adults with traumatic rib fractures, and an approach for pain assessment, …

Oncology Nurses’ Perceptions Of Obstacles And Supportive Behaviors In End-Of-Life Care, Renea L. Beckstrand, A. Elaine Bond, Lynn Clark Callister, Josie Moore

Faculty Publications

Cancer accounts for one in four deaths in the United States. Oncology nurses care for dying patients on a daily basis. Research on specific obstacles that impede and supportive behaviors that help the delivery of end-of-life (EOL) care is limited.

A Semester Of Global Health & Human Diversity Among United States Veterans In Rural Utah, Kent D. Blad, Janelle Jackson, Petr Ruda, Angelynn Singley, Paula; Ulberg, Ron S.; Speirs, Ron S. Ulberg

Faculty Publications

Patients and health care providers in rural communities face a unique combination of factors which create disparities in healthcare when compared with urban areas, such as economic factors, cultural values, reduced rates of formal education, lack of recognition by legislators, and isolation. There are more veterans per capita in rural than in urban areas. Health care for the rural population is coupled with the unique challenges of caring for veterans. Because of this, we chose to devote a semester to the study of improving health care to the rural veteran population.

Glimpse Into Simulation And Critical Thinking: A Pilot Study Comparing Utah And Ecuador, Katrina Duncan, Patricia K. Ravert

Faculty Publications

Classroom learning is practiced and applied through simulation, which can help develop critical thinking and clinical judgment skills imperative in clinical settings for both students and new nurse graduates. Simulation is well developed in the United States but is in early stages of use and development in South America.

Cultivating An Understanding Of U.S. Veterans: Our Honored Patients, Tausha Allen, Kent D. Blad, Jennifer Bloomfield, Rachel Dudley, Kelsie Egan, Ron S. Ulberg

Faculty Publications

As nursing students, we specifically chose to devote our time to learning how to better care for the veteran population. We worked with veterans as we traveled to Washington, D.C. and completed clinical experiences in Utah. These experiences greatly altered our perspective toward the armed forces and our appreciation for our nation’s freedom.

Relationship Found Between Parenting Styles And Sibling Relationships In Families Raising A Child With A Disability, Corinne Jackman, Barbara L. Mandleco

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine parental perceptions of parenting styles and sibling relationships according to parent gender, sibling gender, and type of disability. Additionally, the purpose was to determine if there is a linkage between parenting styles and sibling relationships.

Comparison Of Debriefing Methods Following Simulation, Shelly J. Reed, Patricia K. Ravert

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the student nurse experience between three debriefing methods: oral discussion, journaling, and blogging.