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Articles 1231 - 1260 of 2525
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Protein O-Glcnac Modification In Diabetic Vascular Calcification, Jack Heath
Protein O-Glcnac Modification In Diabetic Vascular Calcification, Jack Heath
All ETDs from UAB
Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients of diabetes mellitus, which represents an independent risk factor that positively correlated with morbidity and mortality in these patients. Vascular calcification is now recognized as a cell-regulated process of osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in response to stress, such as hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Both hyperglycemia and oxidative stress have been shown to induce protein modification by O-linked ß-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation), which is also elevated in diabetes. The present studies aimed to determine the effects of protein O-GlcNAcylation on vascular calcification in diabetes, and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. With the …
Southern African American Women's Perception Of Cononary Artery Disease After A Myocardial Infarction: A Phenomenological Inquiry, Loretta Jones
Southern African American Women's Perception Of Cononary Artery Disease After A Myocardial Infarction: A Phenomenological Inquiry, Loretta Jones
All ETDs from UAB
The American Heart Association (AHA) reported that cardiovascular diseases kill nearly 50,000 African-American (AA) women annually. Of AA women ages 20 and older, 49% have heart diseases. Only 52% of AA women are aware of the signs and symptoms of a heart attack and only 36% of AA women know that heart disease is their greatest health risk. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experience of African American women, 50 years and older, who had experienced a myocardial infarction within the past five years. The primary research questions addressed the women's knowledge of risk factors, …
Characterization Of Glycosylation-Associated Protein, Gap2, Required For The Biogenesis Of Streptococcus Parasanguinis Fimbriae-Associated Protein, Fap1, Haley Echlin
All ETDs from UAB
Streptococcal species possess a multitude of adhesins that facilitate adherence to a wide range of substrates; this is the first step necessary for the development of disease. Streptococcus parasanguinis is a primary colonizer of the oral cavity and adheres to the tooth surface using long fimbriae, which are composed of Fap1, a serine-rich repeat glycoprotein (SRRP). SRRPs are conserved in many Gram-positive bacteria and play a role in bacterial adhesion, fimbrial formation, biofilm formation, and bacterial pathogenesis. Although SRRPs play such an important role, the exact mechanism of their biogenesis remains a mystery. For Fap1, an eleven gene cluster is …
The Expression And Function Of Icam-2 In Neuroblastoma, Joseph Feduska
The Expression And Function Of Icam-2 In Neuroblastoma, Joseph Feduska
All ETDs from UAB
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. At the time of initial diagnosis, the majority of patients present with NB that has already metastasized. While initial remission is often achieved following treatment, roughly 50% of these patients will relapse and die from the development of intractable metastatic progression. Intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, normally expressed only in endothelial cells and subsets of leukocytes. ICAM-2 expression in cancer cells had not been previously investigated, until our lab recently reported the novel finding of endogenous ICAM-2 expression …
Evidence Of Altered Ampa Receptor Localization And Regulation In Schizophrenia, Jana Drummond
Evidence Of Altered Ampa Receptor Localization And Regulation In Schizophrenia, Jana Drummond
All ETDs from UAB
Although the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia posits altered glutamatergic transmission is occurring in this illness, the precise mechanisms be-hind these proposed changes in schizophrenia brain remain elusive. Recent evidence from our laboratory supports a model of altered forward trafficking of glutamate receptors to synaptic membranes in schizophrenia, which could contribute to changes in neurotransmission. The AMPA subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (AMPAR), is the main facilitator of fast, excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, and changes in AMPAR number at synapses may control synaptic strength and plasticity. One mechanism that could alter AMPAR trafficking to synapses is abnormal expression of AMPAR …
Relationships Among Heart Failure-Related Physical Symptoms, Social Support, Social Problem-Solving, Depressive Symptomatology, And Self-Care Behaviors In Individuals Living With Heart Failure, Lucinda Joy Graven
All ETDs from UAB
Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition that progressively worsens over time. The condition is more common in individuals over the age of 65 and commonly causes dyspnea, fatigue, orthopnea, nocturnal dyspnea, edema, and activity intolerance. Prior studies suggest a relationship between HF-related physical symptoms and depressive symptomatology in individuals living with HF. Depressive symptomatology in individuals with HF are linked with a higher mortality rate, decreased quality of life, decreased functional status, and disturbed sleep. Additionally, HF-related physical symptoms impact self-care in individuals living with HF. Previous studies have found that symptom severity and the associated decrease in …
Elucidating The Role Of Gsk3 In Synaptic And Cognitive Deficits In Fragile X Syndrome, Aimee Vinson Franklin
Elucidating The Role Of Gsk3 In Synaptic And Cognitive Deficits In Fragile X Syndrome, Aimee Vinson Franklin
All ETDs from UAB
Fragile X Syndrome (FX) is the most common inherited form of mental retarda-tion. Prominent characteristics of FX are mimicked in a mouse model with deleted fmr1 including hyperactivity, anxiety, developmental delay and social deficits. Additionally, FX mice display deficits in n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) at medial perforant path synapses onto dentate granule cells (MPP-DGC synapses). Because LTP is a cellular correlate of learning and memory, defi-cits in LTP at this synapse are thought to underlie impairments in pattern separation, a form of learning and memory dependent on proper DG function. Identifying the patho-logical mechanisms that cause impaired …
Tumorgraft Models As A Platform For Molecular Characterization And Drug Evaluation In Pancreaticobiliary Malignancies, Patrick Lee Garcia
Tumorgraft Models As A Platform For Molecular Characterization And Drug Evaluation In Pancreaticobiliary Malignancies, Patrick Lee Garcia
All ETDs from UAB
arribada nesting behavior. The first chapter addresses the potential effects of a nest’s
Innate Immune Defense Against The Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus Fumigatus, Melissa Ann Gessner
Innate Immune Defense Against The Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus Fumigatus, Melissa Ann Gessner
All ETDs from UAB
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous mold that causes severe, invasive life-threatening infections in patients that are severely immunocompromised. Major risk factors include neutropenia, neutrophil dysfunction and immunosuppressive therapies. Recently, however, rising incidences of colonizing A. fumigatus have been reported in patients without classical risk factors. We sought out to elucidate non-classical pre-disposing conditions that may render a lung environment susceptible to fungal colonization as well as mechanisms involved in immune defense against the invading fungal pathogen. Further defining a role for Dectin-1 in an Aspergillus fumigatus infection, we demonstrated a critical role for Dectin-1 dependent interleukin-22 …
Using Mce4 Sirna Molecular Beacons For Detection And Eradication Of Mycobacterial Infection In Macrophages, Remo George
Using Mce4 Sirna Molecular Beacons For Detection And Eradication Of Mycobacterial Infection In Macrophages, Remo George
All ETDs from UAB
temperatures. The third chapter represents the most comprehensive evaluation to date of
The Role Of Il-7 And C-Kit Signaling Pathways In Specification Of B Lymphocytes, Oleg Kolupaev
The Role Of Il-7 And C-Kit Signaling Pathways In Specification Of B Lymphocytes, Oleg Kolupaev
All ETDs from UAB
B-lymphocyte commitment from common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) is orchestrated by a number of transcription factors and extracellular developmental cues. Most prominently, IL-7 signaling acts as a critical factor for promotion of B cell differentiation through its role in upregulation of the B-cell commitment factor, Ebf1, by activation of Jak-Stat5 signaling. Other cytokines and growth factors secreted by bone marrow stromal cells, such as Flt3 ligand, are known to modulate developmental outcomes by regulating the IL-7R-Jak-Stat5 pathway. The role of stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) c-Kit, and the mechanism by which it affects cell …
Osteomimmunology Of Bone Fracture Healing And Cell And Gene Therapy Approaches For Nonunion Bone Defects, Seth G. Levy
Osteomimmunology Of Bone Fracture Healing And Cell And Gene Therapy Approaches For Nonunion Bone Defects, Seth G. Levy
All ETDs from UAB
Despite the body's ability to repair bone fractures under normal circumstances, up to 10% of the 7.9 million fractures suffered in the United States each year do not achieve bony union. Bone fractures heal with overlapping phases of inflammation, cell proliferation, and bone remodeling. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are known to work in concert to control many stages of this process, but when one is impaired it leads to failure of bone healing, referred to as a nonunion. Such nonunion fractures often result from critical-size defects that will not completely heal over the natural lifetime of the animal. Based on this …
Engineering Fibroblast-Remodeled Electrospun Matrices For Full-Thickness Skin Regeneration, Paul Bonvallet
Engineering Fibroblast-Remodeled Electrospun Matrices For Full-Thickness Skin Regeneration, Paul Bonvallet
All ETDs from UAB
Skin is often severely damaged, resulting in the need for surgical intervention. There are many limitations to current therapies, therefore a synthetic skin graft would be invaluable for skin regeneration. The focus of the current study is on developing engineered scaffolds with embedded dermal fibroblasts that can be remodeled into native skin tissue upon implantation. To achieve this goal we created electrospun scaffolds composed of collagen I and polycaprolactone (PCL), and then introduced pores to allow fibroblast infiltration. In initial experiments performed to optimize pore size and collagen to PCL concentration, we determined that a 160 µm pore diameter, and …
An Economic Evaluation Of A Peer Support Intervention For Diabetes Self-Management, Caresse Campbell
An Economic Evaluation Of A Peer Support Intervention For Diabetes Self-Management, Caresse Campbell
All ETDs from UAB
Appropriate management of diabetes has the potential to affect not only health outcomes associated with diabetes, but also its economic burden. Peer support has emerged as a promising intervention to improve diabetes self-management, with demonstrated effects on improving clinical outcomes. Whether the health improvements obtained with peer support are worth its implementation cost, has not been established. This dissertation sought to close the gap in the literature by conducting an economic evaluation of a peer support intervention for diabetes self-management. We conducted analyses of secondary data from Encourage, a randomized trial testing a peer advisor intervention conducted in rural Alabama. …
Assessing The Active Kinome Of Influenza Virus Infected A549 Cells, Colm Atkins
Assessing The Active Kinome Of Influenza Virus Infected A549 Cells, Colm Atkins
All ETDs from UAB
Influenza A Virus is a respiratory pathogen of the family Orthomyxoviridae and causes significant worldwide morbidity and mortality during seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics. As with all viruses, influenza's limited coding capacity requires the use of host proteins and processes in its replication and release cycle. Phosphorylation, mediated by cellular kinases and phosphatases, represents a significant mechanism of post-translational modification of cellular products, and is responsible for regulating the activi-ty, lifespan and localization of many lipids and proteins in host-cells. Several cellular kinases have been associated with various steps of the Influenza lifecycle, including PKC-ßII (viral entry), PKR (host defense), …
Il-8 Is Necessary And Sufficient For X-Ray Radiation Enhanced Endothelial Adhesion., Stephen Kyle Babitz
Il-8 Is Necessary And Sufficient For X-Ray Radiation Enhanced Endothelial Adhesion., Stephen Kyle Babitz
All ETDs from UAB
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a potent inflammatory stimulus to the human body. In the vasculature, inflammation is a major contributing factor for atherosclerosis. In addition, radiation from several sources has been linked with increased risk for multiple cardiovascular complications. A key compnent of radiation associated inflammation is an increase in the adhesiveness of the endothelium which leads to a pathogenic accumulation of leukocytes in the vascular wall. This is one of the initial steps in vascular inflammation and leads to a number of adverse complications such as heart disease and stroke. The molecular mechanisms behind radiaton enhanced endothelial adhesion have …
Targeted Delivery Of Osteoinductive Peptides To Bone Graft Utilizing A Calcium Binding Domain To Enhance The Regenerative Potential, Jennifer Leigh Bain
Targeted Delivery Of Osteoinductive Peptides To Bone Graft Utilizing A Calcium Binding Domain To Enhance The Regenerative Potential, Jennifer Leigh Bain
All ETDs from UAB
Bone grafting procedures are common practice. Autogenous bone is considered optimal, however, complications associated with bone harvesting often lead clinicians to use off-the-shelf materials that have limited osteoinductivity. Alternatively, bioactive factors passively adsorbed onto various carriers are available. These materials, while effective, are expensive to produce, require supraphysiological doses, and have adverse side effects due to dissemination from the graft site. This dissertation aims to reintroduce osteoinductive factors to bone grafts to enhance regenerative capacity. Specifically, we utilized negatively-charged calcium-binding domains (polyglutamate) to anchor two osteoinductive peptides bone graft materials including an allograft, xenograft, alloplast, and bone cement. The peptides …
Predictors Of Outcomes In Patients With Ventricular Assist Devices, Amelia Katharine Boehme
Predictors Of Outcomes In Patients With Ventricular Assist Devices, Amelia Katharine Boehme
All ETDs from UAB
Ventricular assist devices (VAD) are used as a bridge to transplant and to increase the quality of life in advanced heart failure patients. The use of the VAD is not without risks itself, with an increased risk of thromboembolism, hemorrhage and death. Therefore, we aimed to (1) evaluate predictors of thromboembolism; (2) design a score to predict hemorrhages in VAD patients; and (3) evaluate the change in kidney function post-VAD implant and to investigate the relationship between kidney function and mortality in VAD patients using data collected from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Mechanical Circulatory Support Clinic. Over the …
Promoting Worksite Stair Use By Launching The "Stepping Up" Campaign, Lynne A. Obiaka
Promoting Worksite Stair Use By Launching The "Stepping Up" Campaign, Lynne A. Obiaka
All ETDs from UAB
Background: Obesity and overweight contribute to worksite absenteeism and decreased productivity. Encouraging employees to frequent the stairs is one approach towards increasing worksite physical activity. Methods: An explanatory, mixed methods research design was used to explore the impact of a health communications campaign entitled "Stepping Up" on worksite stair use in health department employees. The campaign included octagonal shaped posters similar to traffic signs, email prompts and printed materials. A pretest and posttest were administered before and after the intervention to assess stair use frequencies and identify predictors. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test for related samples, Spearman correlations and multiple rank …
The Effect Of Medicaid Dental Coverage On Dental Care Utilization Among Older Americans, Ahyuda Oh
The Effect Of Medicaid Dental Coverage On Dental Care Utilization Among Older Americans, Ahyuda Oh
All ETDs from UAB
This dissertation examines the impact of Medicaid dental coverage on dental care utilization and oral health outcome of low-income elderly and non-elderly adults, using a fixed-effects model with longitudinal data of all states and multiple years from the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS). By exploiting within-state variation over time in adult Medicaid dental coverage, the study estimates the effects of Medicaid dental coverage on dental care utilization (i.e., dental visits and dental cleanings) and oral health outcome (i.e., tooth loss). The study evaluates the effects of Medicaid dental benefits with preventive dental services on each of the three dental …
Freestanding Emergency Departments: Strategic And Policy Implications, Nitish Patidar
Freestanding Emergency Departments: Strategic And Policy Implications, Nitish Patidar
All ETDs from UAB
The dissertation examined the role of Freestanding Emergency Departments (FSEDs) in the current United State health care system. The study collected the primary data on FSEDs in the United States and analyzed the factors associated with the hospitals operating FSEDs and its effect on hospital financial performance. The relationship of presence of FSEDs in the market and Medicare expenditure per person was also studied. The Resource Dependency Theory was used to study the effect of market and organizational factors on the hospital decision to operate an FSED. Panel data from 2002 to 2011 was analyzed using logistic multivariate regression with …
Dietary Pattern Adherence Of Adults With Diabetes In The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study 2003-2007, Keith Pearson
All ETDs from UAB
The objective of this study was to determine if adults with diabetes engage in different dietary practices compared to adults without diabetes in a national cohort of adults 45 years of age or older. Dietary practices were evaluated using five dietary patterns derived previously using factor analysis in a sample of 21,636 African American and European American participants who completed the Block 98 Food Frequency Questionnaire in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) measuring dietary pattern adherence of adults with diabetes …
Effects Of Storage On The Red Blood Cell And Its Implications For Transfusion, Ryan D. Stapley
Effects Of Storage On The Red Blood Cell And Its Implications For Transfusion, Ryan D. Stapley
All ETDs from UAB
Transfusion with red blood cells (RBC) remains a frontline therapy in critically ill patients. Recent studies have documented an association between storage duration and an increased incidence of transfusion-related toxicities. This transfusion-related toxicity is characterized by both a pro-inflammatory state and a microcirculatory dysfunction and is associated with changes that occur to the RBC and its media during storage referred to as the storage lesion. These changes that occur to the RBC include an increase in cell-free hemoglobin, heme, free iron, microparticles, as well as changes to the RBC itself. This thesis explores how these elements could contribute to transfusion-related …
Effects Of Early Life Exposure To Methylmercury On Predator Response In Daphnia Pulex, Megan Lisa Steed
Effects Of Early Life Exposure To Methylmercury On Predator Response In Daphnia Pulex, Megan Lisa Steed
All ETDs from UAB
Knowledge of the health effects of toxic chemicals is largely based on single chemical models rather than a multi-factor model, which more accurately captures realworld exposures. This study investigated how methylmercury affects Daphnia pulex in the presence of predatory stress chemical. A kairomone is an infochemical released by an animal that can be detected by another animal. Daphnia pulex detects kairomone released by Danio rerio resulting in the induction of morphological and life history changes. Danio rerio were kept in COMBO media for 24 hours at a density of 2 fish per liter. Daphnids were then housed in kairomone-containing COMBO …
Translocation Of Shed Syndecan-1 To The Nucleus: A Novel Mechanism Of Tumor-Host Crosstalk, Mark Stewart
Translocation Of Shed Syndecan-1 To The Nucleus: A Novel Mechanism Of Tumor-Host Crosstalk, Mark Stewart
All ETDs from UAB
Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells that disseminates throughout the body. Crosstalk between myeloma and host cells is critical to the establishment of a microenvironment conducive to tumor growth and progression. An important mediator of this crosstalk is syndecan-1, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Syndecan-1 is proteolytically shed from the surface of myeloma cells and is abundant in the bone marrow microenvironment and serum of myeloma patients. Shed syndecan-1 facilitates tumor-host crosstalk within the microenvironment to drive tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We now report for the first time that shed syndecan-1 can be taken up by a …
Statistical Analysis In Genomic Studies, Guodong Wu
Statistical Analysis In Genomic Studies, Guodong Wu
All ETDs from UAB
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies reveal unprecedented insights about genome, transcriptome, and epigenome. However, existing quantification and statistical methods are not well prepared for the coming deluge of NGS data. In this dissertation, we propose to develop powerful new statistical methods in three aspects. First, we propose a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) in Bayesian framework to quantify methylation levels at base-pair resolution by NGS. Second, in the context of exome-based studies, we develop a general simulation framework that distributes total genetic effects hierarchically into pathways, genes, and individual variants, allowing the extensive evaluation of existing pathway-based methods. Finally, we develop a …
Usp16 And Histone H2a Deubiquitination In Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Function, Wei Yang
Usp16 And Histone H2a Deubiquitination In Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Function, Wei Yang
All ETDs from UAB
In eukaryotic cells, genomic DNA is packaged into a chromatin structure by association with histone and non-histone proteins. Posttranslational modifications of histones play important roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and function. Ubiquitination of histone H2A (ubH2A) represents a predominate modification, occurring on ~10% of total cellular H2A. While H2A ubiquitination is primarily conferred by Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), H2A deubiquitination has been attributed to multiple H2A deubiquitinases. Our laboratory previously reported the purification and functional characterization of a H2A-specific deubiquitinase, USP16 (initially named as Ubp-M) in human cells. However, whether USP16 represents a general and important regulator …
The Roles Of Mammalian Tribbles Homolog 3 (Trib3) In Coordinating Energy Metabolism And Development Of Insulin Resistance, Wei Zhang
All ETDs from UAB
Insulin resistance in diabetics comprises of a reversible component treatable with intensive glycemic control and a non-reversible component present in pre-diabetes that may lead to the development of overt diabetes. The reversible component is induced and exacerbated by hyperglycemia in both uncontrolled type 1 and type 2 diabetes, a process known as glucose-induced insulin resistance (GIIR) or glucose toxicity. The tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) has been identified as a pseudokinase that inhibits Akt activity by physically blocking its phosphorylation site. Expression of TRIB3 has been associated with various signals such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and nutrient availability in pancreatic …
Multiple Human Itgam Variants Alter Mac-1, Fcgamma Receptor And Tlr Functions On Neutrophils, Yebin Zhou
Multiple Human Itgam Variants Alter Mac-1, Fcgamma Receptor And Tlr Functions On Neutrophils, Yebin Zhou
All ETDs from UAB
Multiple studies have demonstrated that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ITGAM locus (including the non-synonymous SNPs rs1143679, rs1143678 and rs1143683) are associated with SLE. ITGAM encodes the protein CD11b, a subunit of the ß2 integrin Mac-1. The purpose of this work was to determine the effects of ITGAM genetic variation on the biological functions of neutrophil Mac-1. Neutrophils from ITGAM genotyped and sequenced healthy donors were isolated for functional studies. The phagocytic capacity of neutrophil ITGAM variants was probed with complement coated erythrocytes, serum treated zymosan, heat treated zymosan and IgG coated erythrocytes. The adhesion capacity of ITGAM variants, in …
The Small Sample Inferences Of Cluster-Randomized Trials, Peng Li
The Small Sample Inferences Of Cluster-Randomized Trials, Peng Li
All ETDs from UAB
Generalized estimating equation (GEE) and generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) are two statistical modeling methods commonly used in the analyses of correlated outcomes from cluster-randomized trials (CRTs). The fact that most CRTs involve only a small number of clusters makes the small sample adjustment critical to preserve the type I error rates in testing the null hypothesis of intervention effects. To improve the small sample performance of GEE, some bias-corrected sandwich estimators have been proposed. To improve the small sample performance of GLMM, the approximated Wald F test is used to replace the asymptotic ÷^2 test and the denominator degrees …