Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Flight Experience And Mental Representations Of Space, Mikayla Keller, Jennifer E. Sutton

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Spatial skills are critical for flight safety. The current study investigatedwhetherincreased flight experience as a pilotwas associated with improved spatial skills, and in particular, theability to form a mental representation of a novel virtual environment.Pilotscompleted small-scalespatial ability tasks, travelled alongfour routes in a virtual environment, and then completed two tests that assessed memory for the locations of landmarks in the environment. Pilots with more flight experience did not have more accurate mental representations of the environment than individuals with less flight experience. Increasedflyingexperience was, however, linked to better performance on a perspective-taking test. Perspective taking has been proposed as central …

Investigating Facial Electromyography As An Indicator Of Cognitive Workload, Jonathan Mead, Matt Middendorf, Christina Gruenwald, Chelsey Credlebaugh, Scott Galster

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Facial electromyography (fEMG) is an electromyographic measurement technique that has primarily been used as a tool for measuring affect, but previous experiments suggest that it also has the potential to help quantify cognitiveworkload. In the current study, two task-irrelevant facial muscles, corrugator supercilli and lateral frontalis, were monitored in real-time to determine whether they were sensitive to workload changes in a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) task environment. Real-time signal processing techniques were applied to derive the median amplitude and zero-crossing rate from windowed fEMG data. Statistical analysis of these features determined that both muscles were sensitive to variations in specific …

Advancement In Pedagogical Foundations: Developing Language Proficiency For Student Success, Stacey L. Mcintire, Juan R. Merkt, Jacqueline R. Luedtke, Timothy B. Holt, Brent D. Bowen, Hunter Watson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Interruptions in flight training and a corresponding increase in costs appear to be prevalent among universities with aviation training programs. Students in these programs have to manage both demanding academics and flight training. Additionally, international students, for whom English is not their primary language, have the added disadvantage of learning complex aviation concepts in English. In order to maximize retention in collegiate flight programs, an experimental aviation English course has been designed to helpfrontload aviation vocabulary and take a proactive approach to teaching language skills that are essential in flight training. This as a case study model includes the learning …

Aviation English Intelligibility, Julia Trippe, Eric Pederson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Aviation English (AE) is the “primary dialect” of international aviation. Demonstrably, AE and Conversational English (CE) are distinct varieties of English. Pastresearch shows that AE is spoken more rapidly, with less inflectional variation and differentrhythm than CE. Differences are strong enough that AE and CEmaynot be mutually intelligible. However, flight students are not trained in AE production and perception prior to flight training.This study examines the intelligibility relationship between AE and CE by comparing native English speaking non-pilots andnative English speaking pilots responding to actual air traffic controller transmissions. A difference between these groups was predicted, given theircomparative AE familiarity. …

How Effective Is The Diabetes Prevention Program At Preventing Diabetes? A Survey Of Ymca’S Diabetes Prevention Program Participants Five Years Post-Completion, Rachael A. Mainord

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: In people with prediabetes, a mere 5% weight loss can cut the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in half. In 2011, the YMCA of Greater Dayton launched the YMCA’s Diabetes Prevention Program (YMCA’s DPP) to reduce the prevalence of diabetes in Dayton, Ohio. In 2016, health data for the 2011 YMCA’s DPP prediabetic cohort, including 2016 diabetes status, were evaluated.

Methods: Using de-identified YMCA of Greater Dayton data, analysis was performed on 2011 program (N=90) and 2016 survey results (N=21). The incidence of program 5% weight loss (“success”) was determined and variables associated with success were identified. Survey …

Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines And Health Outcomes In The Elderly: Are Racial Differences Important?, R. Michael Johnson

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Physical activity guidelines for health improvement were recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2008. Today, data on individuals’ adherence to the CDC guidelines are collected as part of its Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BFRSS) survey. While racial disparities in health outcomes are well documented, analyses of the BRFSS data have the potential to shed light on whether there are racial differences in the relationship between physical activity and health outcomes.

The 2015 (BRFSS) dataset contained responses from 441,456 individuals, including 42,516 over the age of 65 who had complete data on the variables that …

Text Message Follow-Up Reminders In The Pediatric Urgent Care, Kimberly R. Joo

Doctor of Nursing Practice Program Projects

Follow-up care by a primary care provider (PCP) immediately following a visit to the pediatric urgent care is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Unfortunately, studies indicate that between 26-56% of patients do not complete a recommended follow-up appointment with PCPs. Communication in the form of reminders to parents, guardians, and patients over the age of 18 may have the potential to increase rates of follow-up appointments after an urgent care visit. Short Message Service (SMS) text messages have been shown to be an effective means of communication between providers and patients in multiple types of healthcare settings. The …

Trends In Management Of Overweight And Obesity In Obstetrics & Gynecology, Family Medicine And Pediatrics 2011-2015, Steven Lindheim, Stephanie Welsh, Nan Jiang, Amanda Hawkins, Lisa Kellar, Rose Maxwell, Leah D. Whigham

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Purpose: To assess for improvement in the screening and management of overweight and obesity in the past 5 years among Obstetrician-Gynecologists (OB-GYN), Family Physicians (FP), and Pediatricians (Peds).

Methods: A retrospective pilot study was conducted, reviewing 150 charts of patients with overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25-29.9 kg/m2) and class I (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2), class II (BMI 35-39.9 kg/m2), and class III obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) between 2011 and 2015. Patients were from OB-GYN (n=50), Family Medicine, adult (FP-A) (n=50) and pediatric (FP-P) (n=28), and Peds (n=22) offices.

Results: 75% of patients were female; 35.5% had overweight, 40% had …

Vaginal Urinary Calculi Formation Secondary To Vaginal Mesh Exposure With Urinary Incontinence, Kara M. Griffiths, Geoffrey D. Towers, Jerome L. Yaklic

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Background

Vaginal stones may form in the setting of mesh exposure with urinary incontinence. This report serves to help understand the presentation, evaluation, and management of vaginal urinary stones.

Case

A 68-year-old female presented with a vaginal calculus. She had a history of anterior and posterior polypropylene mesh placement for prolapse 7 years earlier and urinary incontinence. The stone was identified on a portion of exposed mesh and removed in office. Pathology confirmed urinary etiology. The exposed mesh resolved with topical estrogen. Cystourethroscopy excluded urinary fistula and bladder mesh erosion.

Conclusions

When identified, a vaginal calculus should be removed and …

Virtual Reality And 2d Interfaces: A Comparison Of Visual Search Task Performance, Matthew Brown, Kathleen Van Benthem, James Howell, Jonathan Poisson, Scott Arburthnot, Chris Herdman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Airborne surveillance operations present challenging environments for tactical operators and for the technologies that support these activities. Information from multiple sources is currently presented on 2D displays, but the influx of data hasmade it difficult to represent this informationusing traditional technologies. Recent innovations in VR have laid the groundwork for a promising solution to this problem by allowing users to immerse themselves in 3D representations of the real worldwith embodied tracking capabilities. The present research examined thefeasibility of transitioning two common tactical operator tasks from a 2D to a 3D/VR user interface. Naive participants searchedfor targets amongst a set of …

Does The Projected-Hand Illusion Help In Teleoperation?, Lloyd Wajon, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, David A. Abbink, Erwin Boer, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

A body illusion, commonly known in the form of the “Rubber Hand Illusion”, is an illusion wherein visual inputs on an inanimate object and simultaneous tactile inputs on a part of the body lead to a situation where the inanimate object is identified as the body part. This study investigated the possibility of inducing a body illusion during a teleoperated reaching task, to see if this leads toincreased telepresence and improved accuracy. Three conditions were presented in random order; the Direct Control (DC) condition, where the participant’s hand is shown on the screen, the Projected Hand Illusion (PHI) condition, showing …

A Pedagogical Approach To Teach Aviation Students How To Conduct Situation Awareness Research, Andrew R. Dattel, Andrey Babin, Tianhua Li, Ziyi Dong, Stephanie G. Fussell, Qianru Yang

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Situation awareness (SA) has been investigated in the aviation industry for decades and recently has become more prominent in other industries. For example, healthcare has experienced tremendous growth in SA research and training. Despite agreement among researchers that SA is important for performance and safety in complex domains, less agreement exists for defining and measuring SA. Certain industries (e.g., aviation, healthcare, process control operations) often have specific methods on how to approach SA. These approaches of introducing employees and students to SA in a specific context may inadvertently limit their full appreciation and understanding of this construct.

Pegasas: Weather Technology In The Cockpit, Ian Johnson, Geoff Whitehurst, Vladimir N. Risukhin, Lori J. Brown, William Rantz, Thomas K. Ferris, Trey Roady, Carolina Rodriguez-Paras, Kathryn Tippey, Mel J. Futrell

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Research showsthat a high percentage of weather-related General Aviation (GA) accidents can be attributed to pilots flying into Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) without experience or appropriate certifications to safely operate beyond Visual Flight Rules (VFR). To makesafety-critical decisions, pilots oftenuse weather indication delivered on screens of portable electronic devices. This information often is obsolete with a latency up to20 minutes. Web-based experiential education modules, using a flight simulation system for demonstration of this weather indication latency, can potentially mitigate this problem.Modules will be designed to provide pilots with the ability to “experience” different weather phenomenaand will include tools to improve …

Role Of Early Flying Performance In Pilot Training Tracks, Rana Ihara, Yumi Shibata, Yuko Aiba, Takenori Nomiyama, Asao Kobayashi

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Early flying skills have been reported to strongly influence future flying skills. Few published studies have evaluated the comprehensive relationship among all flying training skills. This study evaluated three causal path models for flying skills that influenced flying performance rated by instructor pilots in five training phases. A covariance structure analysis showed that asequential model with a connection between the first and last phases was optimumfor representing flying training performance and skills. The flying skill acquired in the first training phase in a primary propeller aircraft influenced the last training skill in a fighter jet directly as well as indirectly. …

Predicting Air Traffic Control Student Success And Improving Placement Through Skill Aptitude Testing, Kerry Huston, Keith Baldwin, Susan Schultheis

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

In orderto improve Air Traffic Control (ATC) training efficiency and reduce the risk of student failure, the FAA needstools that can predict student success and inform student placement in training. By considering student aptitude, the FAA could reduce training costs by reducing student failure rates and transfers between facilities.In order to explore the benefits of early aptitude assessment, The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) created a prototype Radar Vectoring Aptitude Test designed to be administered to students before they begin their training to assess their aptitude for the skill of radar vectoring. The FAA office of Safety and Technical Training (AJI-2) in …

Experimental Evaluation Of A Scalable Autonomy Concept For Cognitive Agents Aboard Reconnaissance Uavs, Georg Rudnick, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The concept of scalable autonomy with a guided access to lower automation levelsallows human UAV pilots to select the level of autonomy and enables the onboard automation to understand the pilot’s intent and offer support. To evaluate this concept, we conducted flightand simulationexperiments with German military personnel performing reconnaissance missions with a small UAV. We compared threeconfigurations. The high autonomy configuration completely prevents access to low-level functions. The naive approach configuration allows unrestricted access to all lower-level functions. The guided access configuration restricts access by forcing the pilot to communicate his intent first by entering mission tasks. As dependent variables, …

Evaluating Spatial-Auditory Symbology For Improved Performance In Low-Fidelity Spatial Audio Displays, Griffin D. Romigh, Jose Villa, Jason Ayers

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

For decades, spatial auditory displays have been considered to be a promising technology to help fight pilot disorientation and loss of SA. Inherently heads-up, these displays can provide time-critical spatial information to pilots about navigational targets, air and runway traffic, wingman location, and even the attitude of one’s aircraft without placing additional demands on the already over-tasked visual system. Unfortunately, currently-fielded auditory displays often suffer from poor spatial fidelity, particularly in elevation, due to their use of a one-size-fits-all (i.e., non-personalized) head-related transfer function (HRTF), the set offilters responsible for creating the spatial impression. The current study investigated the utility …

Systematic Review Of Scientific Evidence Supporting Yoga As An Alternative Treatment For Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Alexandria Keller

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: This study was a systematic review of scientific evidence investigating yoga as a treatment for GAD. Assessing the scientific validity of alternative health practices is necessary for proposals of inclusion in public health practices.

Methods: A comprehensive search for peer-reviewed biomedical research was conducted for literature describing interventions for GAD using yoga and its practices (e.g. physical postures, meditation, breathing exercises). Systematic research was conducted on academic literature databases available through Wright State University (Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library) using search terms selected based on key words for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition and the Sanskrit variation …

Engineering For Humans: A New Extension To Systems Theoretic Process Analysis, Megan France, John Thomas

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a new hazard analysis method developed at MIT to address a broad range of accident causal factors including dysfunctional interactions among components, design flaws, and requirements problems. This paper presentsa new extension for analyzing human interactions with automation and understanding why unsafe behaviors may appear appropriate in the operational context. The extension is demonstrated by applying it to pilot control of aircraft pitch control during stall recoveryusing scenarios from theAir France 447 accident

An Interdisciplinary Approach To Evaluating U.S. Army Aviation Training, Martin S. Goodwin, Lauren Reinerman-Jones, Brian F. Goldiez, Robert A. Crapanzano

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The U.S. Army is seeking to update and expand its use of simulation-based aviation trainingto address operational and fiscal concerns that are driving the need for more efficient training solutions.This has created a needto evaluate whether lower-cost, game-based simulations may potentially augment higher-cost, traditional simulation-based trainingfor specific aviation training tasks.However, current approaches to Training Effectiveness Evaluation (TEE) do not address the complete range of factors to adequately evaluate today’s increasingly sophisticated simulation training environments. Leveraging recent research and drawing from the tools and techniques of human performance assessment, instructional science, and phenomenology, an interdisciplinary approach to performing TEEs is introduced …

Increasing Acceptance Of Haptic Feedback In Uav Teleoperations By Visualizing Force Fields, Victor Ho, Clark Borst, Rene Van Paassen, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

In tele-operating an UAV, human operators fully rely on cameras to control thevehicle from a distance. To increase operator situation awareness and reduce workload, haptic feedback on the control stick has been developed which acts as an automatic collision avoidance system. A virtual force field surrounding the moving vehicle interacts with obstacles surrounding it,yielding repulsive forces on the stick that leadthe vehicle away from them. Albeit successful in significantly reducing the number of collisions,thehaptic interfacereceivedlow user acceptance ratings.Operators do not always fully understand the collision avoidance automation intentions, and they experience the haptic forces as intrusive. This paper discusses thedevelopment …

Human Decision Making And Threat-Awareness Response During Emergency Aircraft Evacuations, Sarah Hubbard, Tim Ropp

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Aircraft emergencies requiring evacuation present unique safety challenges to both crew and passengers due to theconfined space and the speed at which fire, extreme heatand smoke propagate. In thisscenario, where a one or two second delay can literally determine survivability, rapid evacuation is paramount. Although evacuation capability is demonstrated through requiredand controlleddrillsfor aircraft certification, during a real emergencyhuman factorsaffect passenger decision making, in some cases resulting in the decisionto retrieve personal items during actual emergency evacuations. This may pose a significant threat to post-accident survivability. This research evaluates evacuation decision making and the associated impact on passenger exit flow, during …

Work Dynamics Of Task Work And Teamwork In Function Allocation For Manned Spaceflight Operations, Martijn Ijtsma, Lanassie M. Ma, Amy R. Pritchett, Karen M. Feigh

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

This paper proposes a methodology for human-robot function allocation for future manned space exploration missions that uses fast-time computational simulation. Dynamics of taskwork and teamwork often result in emergent work patterns that are difficult to predict from static analysis of function allocations. Wemodel thedynamics of taskwork and teamwork and demonstrate our approach through a case study that explores the function allocation design space for an on-orbit maintenancemissioninvolving humans and various robots. The case study highlightsthe method’s ability to predict possible concerns associated with limited availability of physical resources, action interdependencies, and communication requirements with possible time delays, and shows the …

Empirically Evaluating Representational Aids For Target Tracking And Sensor Management, Taleri Hammack, Jared Neely, Terry Stanard, Jason Roll, John Flach

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Today, security officers at military and civilian installations are often required to track people and vehicles (targets) movingin a remote space using a distributed array of stationary security cameras. A pervasive tracking challenge is maintaining view of the target as it moves through the restricted fields of view of different cameras. The current research explores how different displaydesigns indicating camera fields of viewimpact the operator’s situation awareness of the next best camera to continue viewing a moving target. Three different interface displays(Full North-Up Map, Peripheral Display, and Track-Up Mini-Map) wereevaluated over four experimental conditions.While having all display types available was …

Human Performance Assessment: Evaluation And Experimental Use Of Wearable Sensors For Brain Activity Measures, Kurtulus Izzetoglu, Dale Richards, Lei Ding, Chen Ling, Ben Willems

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The emerging wearable human performance monitoring technologies can help evaluate the cognitive status and capacities of the crew in the cockpit as well as those operating ground control stations. Traditionally the use of behavioral measures and subjective metrics has been used to address cognitive factors associated with pilots or operators of safety critical systems. However, the advance in wearable physiologytechnologies could provide additional performance metrics directly driven from brain based measures, potentially validating subjective assessments and ultimately bringing us closer towardsmaintaining safe and effective performance. Furthermore, these techniques may also aidthe design and evaluation of new technologies that are being …

Student Perceptions On The Usefulness Of Simulation-Based Training, Andrea M. Georgiou, Megan E. Wertheimer, Megan E. Snodgrass

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The NASA Flight Operations Center Unified Simulation (FOCUS) lab is a high-fidelity simulation of an airline operations center. Its purpose is to train senior aerospace students to collaborate and communicate effectively with team members in a highly interdependent environment that mirrors the airline industry. Data wascollected from the participants on their perceptions and the lessons learned from running the lab. These results were analyzed across elevensemestersover the last five years. Specifically,the quantitative data captured student perceptions about whether the lab was helpful in preparing them for their future job demands. The qualitative questions assessed their most important lessons learned, the …

Toward Identifying Risk In Operational Performance Of Atc Procedures, Paul Krois, Julia Pounds

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Managing operationalperformance to reduce risk in the execution of air traffic control (ATC) procedures depends on understanding human performance in relation to patterns established in procedures. Procedures specify performance requirements meant to minimize unintended variation that is outside expected performance criteria and tolerances.We define human performance risk as unintended variation outside theenvelope of applicable procedures.

The Effect Of Surprise On Upset Recovery Performance, Annemarie Landman, Eric L. Groen, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Adelbert W. Bronkhorst, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Introducing the element of surprise is one of the main challenges in simulator training of in-flight emergencies. In this simulator study, we investigated the differences in performance betweenpredictable and surprising circumstances, in order to obtaininsight into the transferof training between predictable training settings and surprising circumstances in operational practice. This was done bytestingtwenty airline pilots who recovered froman aerodynamic stall in two conditions: one anticipationcondition and one surprise condition. All pilots practiced beforehand using predictable, or non-surprising scenarios. The results show that pilots had significantly more difficulties in adhering to components of the FAA-commissioned recovery template in the surprise condition …

A Study Of Accidents And Incidents Of Landing On Wrong Runways And Wrong Airports, Linfeng Jin, Edmund Lo

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

This paper addresses the landings on wrong runways/ at wrong airports happened between 03/26/1992 and 05/08/2012. The visibility, intended landing runway heading, accident landing runway heading, pilots’ flight hours, and the ages of those pilots are studied to test whether they have correlationswith the number of personnel injury, the number of personneldeath, and the degrees of aircraft damage. Some significantfindings are: the most likely angular difference between the supposed landing runwayheadings and wrong runway headings among wrong runway/airport landingsis 180 degrees,and there is a weaknegative correlation between aircraft damage and pilot flight hours. All the data used in the paper …

Is Rho The Key To Hazardous Weather Avoidance?, William R. Knecht

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Current in-cockpit looping Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) is inadequate to maintain safe (20 nm) aircraft separation from heavy weather (> 40 dBZ reflectivity). This assertion issupported by mathematical information analysis and an empirical study (Knecht, 2016), as well as numerous previous empirical studies. The current work revisitsthe ecological analysis by examining the putative affordance (rho) specifying when weather-avoidance maneuver should begin, as suggested by General Tau Theory (Lee, 2009).With“gapdefined as the distance between the on-screen aircraft icon and the weather hazard, is specified by the ratio ((dg/dt)/g)(t), the instantaneous gap contraction rate divided by the instantaneous gap size. In current …