Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Wellbeing Begins With Employees: Exploring Associations Of Physical Health In A Head Start Organization, Kristin Snyder, Madelyn Hill

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The purpose of this research was to describe self-reported physical health status, behaviors, and wellbeing interests of teachers and other staff within a Head Start agency. Information on overall health, behaviors, demographics, and interests in wellbeing programs was collected through a 58-item questionnaire (N = 312). A majority of participants were white (66.8%), female (93.7%), and half were teachers (49.4%). Bivariate analyses and an ordinal logistic regression were performed to test the association of physical health with independent variables, health behaviors, and demographics. Associations with “very good/excellent” physical health displayed by the regression model include mental health, chronic conditions, vegetable …

Hope Center For Families: Addressing Health Needs Through A Two Generation Model, Brianna Burlock

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

This project’s objective is to explore how the Two Generation Model of the Hope Center for Families can address the health needs of the zip code 45406 community in order to combat negative health outcomes for impoverished families. The investigator researched studies regarding the Two Generation Model and previous organizational applications of the model. Interviews were held with the partners of Hope Center for Families and with an organization that uses the Two Generation Model. The interviews were analyzed for recurring themes after listening to each of them several times and then transcribed. A logic model for the Hope Center …

Impact Of Perioperative Surgical Home On First Cases Delayed On Day Of Surgery In Colorectal Patients, Maria Sparaco

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Perioperative Surgical Homes (PSH) are evolving patient-centered medical home models that coordinate stream-lined care among all providers in the care process. The PSH model can serve as a solution to improve quality assurance, patient satisfaction, and reduce errors that lead to poor outcomes, many of which are preventable and can lead to higher costs. This model has many benefits, but it can be a challenge to execute in a hospital system. TriHealth chose to adopt a PSH model, the TriHealth Surgical Optimization Center (TSOC) in March 2017. It implemented a pilot program for its colorectal patients. Metrics of primary interest …

Oral Health 2020: Recommendations To Help Ohio Meet Healthy People 2020 Goals Based On States’ Oral Health Plans, Mackenzie Hunter

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Dental caries remains one of the largest untreated diseases in children and is one of the leading causes of poor oral health in the United States. Many states have joined forces with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Medicaid to formulate a state oral health action plan that targets the Healthy People 2020 Goals for Oral Health to improve the overall oral health of children in the state. Through this plan, in connection with state oral health plans many states are comprehensively addressing these Healthy People 2020 goals. Ohio, on the other hand, has not met a number …

Conduct Disorder In Times Of Crisis In The Eastern Mediterranean Region, Ruaa A. Al-Juboori

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), comprising of 22 countries, has a high burden of conduct disorder (CD) and has the largest burden of displaced populations. Violence and displacement increase the need for mental health services.

Methods: Using descriptive study design, 2015 global CD burden (disability-adjusted life years DALYs per 100,000 populations) was compared to the EMR burden. Across 25 years (1990-2015) trend of CD in 22 EMR countries was graphed and compared with the global CD burden. Association of CD with a) Corruption Perception Index; b) Global Peace Index; c) Human Development Index was assessed using correlation analysis. CD …

Does Self-Efficacy Mediate The Relationship Between Parenting Style And Adolescent Fruit And Vegetable Consumption?, Sumayyah S. Shermadou

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Inadequate fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is a serious public health issue in children and adolescents that is influenced by the type of parenting style and one’s self-efficacy.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the association between parenting style and adolescent FV consumption and whether adolescent self-efficacy mediates this relationship.

Methods: Data retrieved from the Family, Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study were used to perform statistical analyses on 1,382 parent – adolescent dyads. A mediation analysis using the causal steps approach was used to determine whether adolescent self-efficacy mediated the effect of parenting …

Benzodiazepines Ii: Waking Up On Sedatives: Providing Optimal Care When Inheriting Benzodiazepine Prescriptions In Transfer Patients, Jeffrey Guina, Brian Merrill

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

This review discusses risks, benefits, and alternatives in patients already taking benzodiazepines when care transfers to a new clinician. Prescribers have the decision—sometimes mutually agreed-upon and sometimes unilateral—to continue, discontinue, or change treatment. This decision should be made based on evidence-based indications (conditions and timeframes), comorbidities, potential drug-drug interactions, and evidence of adverse effects, misuse, abuse, dependence, or diversion. We discuss management tools involved in continuation (e.g., monitoring symptoms, laboratory testing, prescribing contracts, state prescription databases, stages of change) and discontinuation (e.g., tapering, psychotherapeutic interventions, education, handouts, reassurance, medications to assist with discontinuation, and alternative treatments).

The Influence Of Static Stretching Of Knee Flexors On Knee Biomechanics, Joshua David Perrin

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

There is a greater incidence of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in female athletes compared to males. The higher rate of ACL injury in female athletes is most likely multifactorial and is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. This study examines the effects of an extrinsic factor — static stretching of the hamstrings on knee biomechanics. Twelve female athletes performed drop vertical jump (DVJ) tasks before and after a hamstrings static stretching protocol. Knee kinematics and kinetics were recorded during the contact phase of the DVJ. The results of this study revealed stretching had no significant effect on …

The Effect Of Soleus Fatigue During Sidestep Cutting Maneuvers: Implications For The Acl, Michael William Ciesa

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The soleus muscle is a monoarticular plantarflexor composed slow-twitch fatigue-resistant muscle fibers. Through its attachment to the proximal tibia, contraction of the soleus muscle in a closed kinetic chain (when the foot is planted) produces a posterior pulling force on the posterior proximal tibia. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is responsible for preventing anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur. Through the production of a posterior pulling force on the tibia, soleus muscle contraction in a closed kinetic chain could help reduce strain on the ACL. Fatigue is a neuromuscular phenomenon that can alter biomechanical strategies during athletics …

Exploring Gender Differences Throughout Normal Rat Aging - A Role For Estrogen Signaling In The Brain, Christopher Mark Evola

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Females are more protected than males from neurodegenerative diseases until they go through menopause when this protection drops dramatically. It has been hypothesized that this neuroprotection is hormone-dependent. The current study characterized cell signaling molecules downstream of estrogen receptor beta that are known to play a role in memory, PKC, ERK, and connexin-43, in regions of the brain associated with memory decline in an attempt to elucidate significant changes that occur post-estrus. Total whole cell lysates were compared to isolated mitochondrial protein because mitochondrial function is known to be altered during aging. As hypothesized, protein concentrations differed depending on age, …

Consequences Of Fatigue And Sleep Deficiency In The Workplace: Implications For The Construction Industry, Karen Phegley

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: This study was a review of the (1) consequences that fatigue and sleep deficiency have on the human body, personal safety and safety in the workplace with implications for the construction industry; and (2) factors in the workplace that contribute to worker fatigue.

Methods: A systematic search and review of peer-reviewed articles and gray literature was conducted for sources describing common industry policies, standards and/or recommendations addressing sleep related problems in the workplace.

Results: The contributing factors of fatigue include work-related mental exertion, sleep deficiency and work-related physical exertion. Major work-related effects stem from circadian rhythm disruptions due to …

Parent Education On Childhood Vaccinations: Implications For Nursing Practice, Kristen Sevier

The University Honors Program

Early childhood vaccination rates in Ohio have been stagnant in the past couple of years. The purpose of this project was to use current evidence regarding early childhood vaccination rates to identify how nurses can effectively educate parents to increase childhood vaccination rates. The findings from this project helped establish an educational brochure for pediatric nurses as a nurse-led intervention to address vaccination adherence among parents at the point of care. The ultimate goal is to improve vaccination coverage among early childhood populations in Yellow Springs, Ohio. The educational brochure was created and presented to pediatric nurse faculty at Wright …

Test Anxiety And Undergraduate Nursing Students: The Concept, Impact, And Interventions, Sarah Macadam

The University Honors Program

Test anxiety in undergraduate nursing students negatively impacts test scores and overall academic success. This project utilizes current literature to identify the concept of test anxiety, the impact of test anxiety on undergraduate nursing students, and interventions to help reduce test anxiety. Literature findings will then be included in an educational PowerPoint presentation given to an undergraduate nursing course at Wright State University.

Educational Strategies For Preventing And Managing Coronary Artery Disease (Cad), Anna M. Mills

The University Honors Program

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in the United States and many older people suffer from this disease (Luisi et al., 2015). It is vital that nurses understand the importance of education, good nursing care, and support in improving patient outcomes. Nurses care for patients with heart disease every day and it is important that nurses have a good understanding of the disease process, how to effectively educate patients, and how to care for them in hospital and community settings. The purpose of this project is to (1) perform a comprehensive literature review regarding prevention, education, …

Evaluation Of Services Provided To Pregnant African Refugees By Catholic Social Services Refugee Resettlement Agency In Dayton Ohio, Jessica M. Brown

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

In 2016 Public Health - Dayton and Montgomery County declared birth outcomes the number one priority in their Community Health Improvement Plan. To improve the infant mortality rate (IMR), racial disparities must be address and considerations should be given to Dayton’s newest and most vulnerable neighbors. Dayton receives between 200 and 250 refugees each year, 70% of whom are from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. African refugees have higher infant mortally and poorer birth outcomes than native populations in the U.S. Early and regular prenatal care is protective against infant mortality, and African refugees consistently report delayed and infrequent …

Screening Mothers For Postpartum Depression At Well-Child Visits In A Private Pediatric Clinic: An Evidence-Based Practice Improvement Project, Cassandra R. Fishbein

Doctor of Nursing Practice Program Projects

Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 10-15% of women and can have serious negative effects on mothers, infants, and families. PPD can persist throughout the first year after delivery when mothers no longer have consistent contact with their primary health care provider. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend screening for depression when support systems are in place to ensure referral for further evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. Pediatric providers have consistent interactions with mothers and infants during well-child visits. During this evidence …

Predictors Of In Hospital Mortality In Acute Pancreatitis, David E. Mossad, Brian V. Dinh, Ronald J. Markert, Mustafa N. Musleh, Sangeeta Agrawal

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background and Aims Pancreatitis presents with significant risk for morbidity and mortality acutely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate demographics, comorbidity burden, and hospital characteristics and their effect on in-hospital mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods Data was collected from The National Hospital Discharge Survey for patients admitted for acute pancreatitis from 2001-2010. Patients were separated into those who suffered in-hospital mortality and those that were discharged. Data was analyzed regarding demographics, length of stay, comorbidity burden, mortality, principal payment, and hospital size. Statistical comparisons were made using SPSS with chi-square and student T tests with a …

Analytics For Non-Invasive Skin Imaging And Actinic Damage, Christina E. Borchers

Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Department Of Surgery Update, October 2017, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A three page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains a message from the chair, a list of important dates, committee meetings, and more.

Modeling Virus Coinfection To Inform Management Of Maize Lethal Necrosis In Kenya, Frank H. Hilker, Linda S. J. Allen, Vrushali A. Bokil, Cheryl J. Briggs, Zhilan Feng, Karen A. Garrett, Louis J. Gross, Frédéric M. Hamelin, Michael J. Jeger, Carrie A. Manore, Alison G. Power, Margaret G. Redinbaugh, Megan A. Rúa, Nik J. Cunniffee

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) has emerged as a serious threat to food security in sub-Saharan Africa. MLN is caused by coinfection with two viruses, Maize chlorotic mottle virus and a potyvirus, often Sugarcane mosaic virus. To better understand the dynamics of MLN and to provide insight into disease management, we modeled the spread of the viruses causing MLN within and between growing seasons. The model allows for transmission via vectors, soil, and seed, as well as exogenous sources of infection. Following model parameterization, we predict how management affects disease prevalence and crop performance over multiple seasons. Resource-rich farmers with …

Phytochemical Screening And Determination Of Antibacterial, Anti-Tumorigenic And Dna Protection Ability Of Root Extracts Of Saussurea Lappa, Sughra Arif Minhas, Fida Muhammad Khan, Fakhar-I- Abbas, Abu Ul Hassan Faiz

Journal of Bioresource Management

Saussurea lappa is a traditionally well-known plant for its medicinal uses in different indigenous systems of medicine. It is widely used in the treatment of asthma, ulcer, stomach problems and inflammatory diseases. In current study the phytochemical screening of S. lappa showed the presence of sesquiterpenes, anthraquinones, lignans, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and steroids. Antimicrobial potential of subject plant was also investigated against three bacterial strains and maximum antibacterial activity was observed by CEE against S. aureus, CAE against P. aeruginosa, while CME, CEE, EAE and PEE showed almost same significant activity against E. coli. The CME (1000 …

Rehabilitation Of An Injured Golden Eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos): A Case Study, Fida Muhammad Khan, Fakhar-I- Abbas, Abu Ul Hassan Faiz

Journal of Bioresource Management

Habitat destruction and anthropogenic activities cause wild birds to migrate towards urban areas in search of food and sometimes nesting in high-roof buildings, where they are caught by local people using different techniques and are further used for hunting or recreational purposes. An injured Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) was found entangled in bushes near the vicinity of Balkasar Research Complex, Chakwal, Pakistan. After complete physical examination, a wound on the right wing and closed leg fracture was diagnosed. The successful treatment was done by anti-parasitic and anti-bacterial drugs with careful monitoring. Splint was adjusted after aligning the fractured …

Characterization Of Different Molecular Markers For Identification Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi In Pakistani Population, Faizan Muttiullah, Fida Muhammad Khan, Fakhar-I- Abbas, Sabiha Shamim

Journal of Bioresource Management

Typhoid is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi that is usually diagnosed by using serologic and immuno-chromatographic techniques in developing counties including Pakistan, which is thought to be an unreliable diagnostic method. For accurate diagnosis we used molecular techniques to amplify 204 bp StyR-36 and 498 bp flagellin gene for the identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. This study was done on 58 individuals diagnosed positive of typhoid via serologic tests and 50 healthy individuals as a control group. Success rate of amplification for flagellin gene was 77.58% while that for StyR-36 gene was 68.97% showing that flagellin gene primer …

A New Understanding Of Palliative Care, Sarah Gale

The University Honors Program

The purpose of this paper is to discuss palliative care and how it is relates to chronic illness. It will include the current problems with palliative care as it is associated with chronic illness. The significance to nursing will be indicated and a review of literature follow and then by a synthesis of the literature. A project proposal will follow the synthesis followed by an evaluation of the implemented project and conclusion.

Department Of Surgery Update, September 2017, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A three page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains a message from the chair, a list of important dates, committee meetings, and more.

Persistence Of Macrocytosis After Discontinuation Of Zidovudine In Hiv-Infected Patients, Inski Yu, Richard N. Greenberg, Timothy N. Crawford, Alice C. Thornton, Thein Myint

Family Medicine Faculty Publications

The duration of macrocytosis after stopping zidovudine (ZDV) is unknown. Among 104 HIV-infected patients treated with ZDV for more than 1 year, 84 patients had macrocytosis at ZDV discontinuation. The median mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 114.6 fL (range 100-128 fL). Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who did (resolved macrocytosis, n = 36) and did not (persistent macrocytosis, n = 48) normalize MCV at 3 to 6 months after ZDV discontinuation. Alcohol use (P =.02), smoking (P =.03), and lower (but within normal range) folic acid levels (P =.05) were related to the persistence of macrocytosis. A persistence …

Staged Reconstruction Of The Inferior Vena Cava After Gunshot Injury, Nathan M. Droz, John K. Bini, Kamran A. Jafree, John H. Matsuura

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

A 23-year-old man with a gunshot injury to the abdomen and cardiac arrest requiring emergency department thoracotomy had a transection of the distal inferior vena cava (IVC) and small bowel injury. Because of persistent hemorrhagic shock, the IVC was ligated. During the next 3 days, he developed worsening bilateral leg edema. He was taken back for reanastomosis of his small bowel and reconstruction of the IVC using autologous femoral vein harvested from the right leg. We think that patients requiring ligation of the vena cava with worsening leg edema can benefit from a staged reconstruction of the IVC.

Overdose Deaths Related To Fentanyl And Its Analogs – Ohio, January-February 2017, Raminta Daniulaityte, Matthew P. Juhascik, Kraig E. Strayer, Ioana E. Sizemore, Kent E. Harshbarger, Heather M. Antonides, Robert G. Carlson

Population and Public Health Sciences Faculty Publications

What is already known about this topic? Illicitly manufactured fentanyl has become a significant contributor to unintentional overdose deaths in the United States. What is added by this report? Approximately 90% of unintentional overdose deaths examined in 24 Ohio counties that occurred during January–February 2017 involved fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, or both, whereas heroin was identified in the minority (6%) of cases, with somewhat higher prevalence in Appalachian counties. Fentanyl is commonly appearing in combination with other analogs. What are the implications for public health practice? These findings highlight the urgent need to make illicitly manufactured fentanyl testing a part of …

A Protocol For The Administration Of Real-Time Fmri Neurofeedback Training, Matthew Sherwood, Emily E. Diller, Elizabeth Ey, Subhashini Ganapathy, Jeremy T. Nelson, Jason G. Parker

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Neurologic disorders are characterized by abnormal cellular-, molecular-, and circuit-level functions in the brain. New methods to induce and control neuroplastic processes and correct abnormal function, or even shift functions from damaged tissue to physiologically healthy brain regions, hold the potential to dramatically improve overall health. Of the current neuroplastic interventions in development, neurofeedback training (NFT) from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has the advantages of being completely non-invasive, non-pharmacologic, and spatially localized to target brain regions, as well as having no known side effects. Furthermore, NFT techniques, initially developed using fMRI, can often be translated to exercises that can …

Mountain Biking As A Means To Encourage Public Health And Wellbeing, Scott C. Dillard

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Mountain biking is a popular form of outdoor exercise. There are 8.3 million riders in the U.S., 2.8% of the population (The Outdoor Foundation, 2016). The National Survey on Recreation and the Environment (https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/trends/nsre-directory/) places the number of participants much higher at 42.7 million riders, but their definition is less restrictive (Cordell, 2012). The National Survey includes anyone who has ridden a mountain or hybrid bicycle in the last twelve months, regardless of riding surface, while Outdoor Recreation Participation Top Line Report (The Outdoor Foundation, 2016) estimates are based on riding surface. Therefore, to avoid confirmation bias, the lower Outdoor …