Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Identifying Easy Indicators Of Dementia, Swati Padhee, Tanvi Banerjee, Valerie L. Shalin, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a degenerative chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people and whose care costs billions of dollars. There is growing evidence that variations in speech and language may be early indicators of dementia. One of the most initial symptoms of dementia is speech impairment, including difficulty in finding words and changes to the grammatical structure. These early indicators can be detected by having the patients perform a picture description task, such as the Cookie Theft task from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. However, much of the state-of-the-art NLP for dementia has been limited due to the …

Measuring Nomophobia And Exploration Of Consequences And Comorbidities, Sarah Marie Fryman, William L. Romine

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

Excessive use of smartphones has coined the term “Nomophobia”, or fear of not being able to use your smartphone. For many, these devices have become an extension of ourselves, which raises hesitation on whether or not society has become addicted to smartphones. Specific diagnostic criteria for smartphone addiction have yet to be settled, and even appropriate to use the word “addiction” when describing excessive usage of smartphones is controversial.

We therefore explore utilize current measures to explore the symptoms of nomophobia and their hierarchy, as well as comorbidities including social anxiety, self-esteem, distracted driving and sleep quality. A total of …

Relief Of Procedural Pain In Infants And Neonates, Allye Camden

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

Procedural pain occurs in the hospital setting due to a variety of procedures and treatments conducted throughout a patient’s stay. Pain is often assessed in infants and neonates but is not always treated consistently due to the multiple number of pain relief methods. The objective of this literature review is to identify the most effective interventions to relieve procedural pain in infants and neonates. Forty articles were analyzed and synthesized to determine the best pain relief methods to use when providing nursing care to infants and neonates. Based on the results of the literature review, nutritive sucking, positioning techniques, and …

Predicting Alcohol Withdrawal In Intensive Care Units, Reza Sadeghi, Tanvi Banerjee, William L. Romine

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

Alcohol use disorder is a common health issue in older adults who are facing depression caused by retirement, loss of a spouse, pain, and sleep problems. The prolonged, heavy alcohol ingestion will lead to high alcohol dependency such that cessation or reduction of using alcohol causes alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in roughly 4 to 72 hours after the last drink. During the initial 8 hours, patients face anxiety, insomnia, nausea, and abdominal pain. This condition is followed by high blood pressure, increased body temperature, unusual heart rate, and confusion. If this syndrome does not receive any treatment, the patients will …

Knowledge And Attitude Of Nurses About Palliative Care, Asia Parveen, Khawar Sultana, Ali Waqas, Sidra Tasneem, Robina Jabeen, Ayesha Faiz Dr., Abu Ul Hassan Faiz Dr

Journal of Bioresource Management

Palliative care enhances the quality of life. To improve the quality of life, it is necessary for nurses to have good knowledge and attitude towards palliative care. It is imperative that nurses provide quality care to terminally ill and chronically sick patients. The present study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical staff nurses about palliative care in cancer. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in Mayo Hospital, Lahore and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore with sample size of 300 registered nurses by using the simple random sampling technique. Inclusion and exclusion criteria was used. Data was collected from …

Investigation Into The Reproducibility Of The Association Of Cord Blood Magnesium Concentration And Cerebral Palsy Or Death In Children, Christopher Luke Dixon, Xiaoxi Liu, Alfred Balch, Maged Costantine, Catherine M. Sherwin

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Objective: To evaluate the association of cord blood magnesium concentrations at the time of birth with cerebral palsy (CP) and neonatal death. Study Design: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that randomized women at imminent risk of delivery between 24 and 31 weeks of gestation to receive magnesium sulfate or placebo. This ‘study’s primary outcome was a composite of either moderate to severe CP or death. Secondary outcomes included CP, moderate to severe CP, neonatal death, and neonatal head ultrasound findings. We used a logistic regression model to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of magnesium in cord …

The Reliability Of Histamine Pharmacodynamic Response Phenotype Classification In Children With Allergic Disease., Kumar Ss, Liu X, Sherwin Cm, Jones Bl

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

We have identified distinct histamine pharmacodynamic response phenotypes in children with allergic disease utilizing histamine iontophoresis with laser Doppler (HILD). These response phenotypes may be relevant in guiding therapeutic decision making for agents targeting the allergic response pathways. However, the reliability of these response phenotypes has not been assessed. Therefore, we performed HILD in children with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma on two to three separate occasions. HILD response-time data were analyzed in NONMEM using a linked effect PKPD model. Examination of observed vs. classified response phenotypes predicted response plots and the sum of residuals. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was …

Therapeutic Potential Of Citrulline As An Arginine Supplement: A Clinical Pharmacology Review, Jahidur Rashid, Shaun S. Kumar, Kathleen M. Job, Xiaoxi Liu, Candice D. Fike, Catherine M. T. Sherwin

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Supplemental arginine has shown promise as a safe therapeutic option to improve endogenous nitric oxide (NO) regulation in cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction. L-arginine, an endogenous amino acid, was reported in clinical studies in adults to improve cardiovascular function in hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, pre-eclampsia, angina, and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome. L-citrulline, a natural precursor of L-arginine, is more bioavailable than L-arginine because of hepatic first-pass metabolism avoidance and longer circulation time. Although not yet well studied, arginine/citrulline has immense therapeutic potential in some life-threatening diseases of children. However, optimal clinical development of arginine or …

Mandatory And Permissive Reporting Laws: Obligations, Challenges, Moral Dilemmas, And Opportunities, Joel M. Geiderman, Catherine A. Marco

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

The duty to report certain conditions to public health or law enforcement authorities is one that falls on all physicians and other health care workers as part of their duty to protect the public from harm. In an open society, others, such as teachers, clergy, police officers, or simply neighbors, share the responsibility of protecting individuals at risk, often by reporting them to authorities. The emergency physician and others in the emergency department are uniquely positioned to identify people at risk or who pose a risk, and to report them as required or allowed under the law. In some circumstances, …

A Comparison Between The Teg 6s And Teg 5000 Analyzers To Assess Coagulation In Trauma Patients, Matthew D. Neal, Ernest E. Moore, Mark Walsh, Scott Thomas, Rachael A. Callcut, Lucy Z. Kornbilth, Martin Schreiber, Akpofure Peter Ekeh, Adam J. Singer, Lawrence Lottenberg, Michael Foreman, Susan Evans, Robert D. Winfield, Michael D. Goodman, Carl Freeman, David Milia, Noelle Saillant, Jan Hartmann, Hardean E. Achneck

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND

Trauma-induced coagulopathy is a major driver of mortality following severe injury. Viscoelastic goal-directed resuscitation can reduce mortality after injury. The TEG 5000 system is widely used for viscoelastic testing. However, the TEG 6s system incorporates newer technology, with encouraging results in cardiovascular interventions. The purpose of this study was to validate the TEG 6s system for use in trauma patients.

METHODS

Multicenter noninvasive observational study for method comparison conducted at 12 US Levels I and II trauma centers. Agreement between the TEG 6s and TEG 5000 systems was examined using citrated kaolin reaction time (CK.R), citrated functional fibrinogen maximum …

Infant Death Rates Between Different Medical Attendants, Zenab Saeed

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

The function of midwives in the context of maternal health is important, especially when understanding the role of midwives in a global context compared to in the United States. Globally, midwives have served as historically important members in the process of childbirth, but their role has experienced changes in response to increased medicalization over the years, especially in the United States.1 Based of their use and effectiveness in a global context, literature suggests that it may be beneficial for both the healthcare system, mothers, and infants to expand the role of midwives in the United States.2 The purpose of this …

Health Disparities Surrounding Air Quality And Asthma, Carolina B. Nadal Medina

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Introduction: Asthma is a prevalent disease in the US in both children and adults. Studies in the past have found disparities in asthma prevalence among different races in the United States as well as between gender. Objective: Compare asthma prevalence among racial and ethnic groups in the us, as well as gender, in the United States in both children and adults in the years of 2011 and 2014. Additionally, to see if there is a correlation between air quality, measured in PM2.5mm, and asthma prevalence in different racial groups and genders in both children and adults. Methods: Asthma prevalence data …

Association Between Sports Participation And Levels Of Physical Fitness, Jordan Italiano

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: Physical activity is a major component of overall health, especially in children. Increased physical activity in children provides many health benefits, and organized sports provide a great opportunity to meet the physical activity recommendations. In fact, participation in organized sports provides further health advantages, such as lower BMIs, compared to those who engaged in self organized physical activity and has shown to promote continued healthy habits throughout life. However, there has not been research looking at which sports are associated with the greatest level of fitness and provide the greatest health benefit for participants. In this study, we examine …

Relationship Between Formative Test Results And Final Exam Performance In First Year Medical School Course, Grace Owens

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether formative testing from iRAT and MCQ data was predictive of final exam scores for the Staying Alive course at WSU BSOM. Methods: Data was collected from two consecutive classes of first-year medical students (n=234). Data included students’ formative quiz scores (iRAT), formative exam scores (MCQ), final exam scores (NBME), race, and gender. Three regression models were created to analyze the relationship between formative and final scores. Results: The average iRAT score was not a significant predictor of NBME score. 53-56% of the variability in NBME score was attributed to iRAT, …

Investigating The Effects Of Cyppa On Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels In Sod1g93a Transgenic Mouse Model, Matthew M. Murphy

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a fatal, progressive, neurodegenerative disease. There currently is no cure for the disease and limited treatment options have modest effects. A hallmark of the disease is motoneuron degeneration. Within the membrane of motoneurons are small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. SK Channels function to mediate medium afterhyperpolarization period of an action potential and have substantial influence on the firing rate of motoneurons. SK channels, specifically SK2 and SK3 isoforms, have been shown through immunohistochemistry to be affected in the SOD1G93A mouse model. The goal of this study was to investigate whether neonatal administration of CyPPA, a potent SK2 …

Achievable Toilet Sanitation, Benjamin Goulart

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Human feces contains ten million viruses, one million bacteria, and 1,000 parasitic cysts, contributing to cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, polio, and various neglected tropical diseases (The Economist, 2019). Unimproved sanitation includes open defecation, shared latrines that lack privacy, or other sanitation methods with insufficient pathogen reduction of fecal material. The most affected regions are sub-Saharan Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia, Afghanistan, and Iraq (CDC, 2016). Without private toilets, girls reaching puberty are also less likely to continue school. Improved sanitation can contribute to increased human potential, human rights, and gross domestic product.

Mucin-Rich Vs. Mucin-Poor Endocrine Mucin-Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma: A Comparison Of Two Cases, Christina E. Borchers, Michael Heaphy, Ronald E. Warwar, Nicholas Shamma

Dermatology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Foodborne Bacteria On Outbreaks, Illnesses, And Hospitalizations In The U.S., Henrietta Ofori-Sampong

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: To investigate the effects of foodborne bacteria on outbreaks, and outbreak-associated illnesses and hospitalizations in the United States (U.S.).

Methods: Aggregate data was obtained from the CDC WONDER (Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) database showing the number of foodborne outbreaks (1993-2017), and outbreak-associated illnesses (1993-2017) and hospitalizations (1998-2017) caused by foodborne bacteria. Species of bacteria were grouped into 13 genera and 1 other. An Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the mean outbreaks, and outbreak-associated illnesses and hospitalizations for each of the years using the data by species for each year. Results: There was no …

Ddx 2.0: Efficacy Of A Differential Diagnosis Course For Ms3s Considering Primary Care And Non-Primary Care Specialties, Maya V. Prabhu

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: To assess if medical students interested in pursuing a primary care specialty are more receptive and have a more positive attitude towards formulating differential diagnoses (DDx) using metamemory techniques (MMTs). Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from 113 MS3 students from the Boonshoft School of Medicine. Students generated timed DDx for a clinical case before and after an instructional didactic session about MMTs. Demographic data (including intended medical specialty and attitudes towards the overall process) were collected. Paired t-test compared screened and unscreened DDx before and after the intervention. Mixed-repeated measures ANOVA compared pre- and post- intervention screened and …

Depression And Disability In The United States, Colleen Pennington

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: To compare the prevalence of cognitive disabilities, mobility disabilities, and depression rates by varying categories including U.S. State, gender, and region. Methods: Data was obtained from the CDC Wonder data set for the prevalence of cognitive and mobility disabilities from the U.S. states for the years 2017-2018. Data was also obtained from the CDC for incidence of depression among the general population and those identifying with any disability. Data was analyzed with ANOVA and t-tests using SPSS. Results: Results reveal a significant difference in disability type and gender throughout the United States. There is also a significant difference in …

Differences In Social Determinants Of Health Between Rural And Urban Counties Of Ohio, Megan E. Luft

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate any possible differences in social determinants of health between rural and urban counties of Ohio and how the determinants relate to each other. Methods: All data for each variable (percentage of population who have some college education, food insecurity rate, number of primary care physicians per population, average mentally unhealthy days for adults in a month, drug overdose death rate, life expectancy, and child poverty rate) was collected through County Health Rankings and Roadmaps from either statewide or nationwide programs through different studies and surveys from 2013-2017. I utilized descriptive statistics, …

The Effects Of Daily Sunlight Levels On Suicide Rates, Amna Amin

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

The correlation between sunlight and mental health has been long studied and is even involved in the development of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), with subsequent development of light therapy for affected individuals. This points towards the question of the effects of varying levels of daily sunlight in the United States on rates of suicide – a reflection of the extreme state of suboptimal mental health. I have ventured to study this question, using publicly available data on the daily sunlight levels in various states in the U.S. during each month of the year and the rates of suicide in those …

The Relationship Between Asthma, Race & Fine Particulate Matter In The United States, Samantha Mcknight

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: To assess how environment and race may impact childhood asthma prevalence. Methods: I analyzed data from CDC WONDER (www.wonder.cdc.gov). I performed descriptive statistics on average fine particulate matter for various states, as well as descriptive statistics on childhood asthma prevalence for various states. I determined if there was a correlation between states with higher prevalence of childhood asthma and states with higher levels of fine particulate matter using Pearson correlation. I used ANOVA with post hoc test to determine childhood asthma prevalence based on race/ ethnicity in the various states.

Results: The mean fine particulate matter in the 49 …

The Relationship Between Upstream Variables And Diabetes In Ohio, Brenna Lammers

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Chronic illness is a significant contributor to disease burden in the US. Among these chronic conditions, diabetes is one of the most prevalent. Knowing the relationships between various factors and the prevalence of diabetes would be beneficial to creating targeted approaches to address this major public health problem. Therefore, the objective of this project was to elucidate the relationship between social determinants of health (unemployment, food environment index, and access to exercise opportunities) and access to care variables (ratio of population to primary care physicians and percent uninsured) with prevalence of diabetes by county in Ohio. This was done through …

Impact Of The Affordable Care Act On Referral To Care For People Living With Hiv In Appalachia, Cameron A. Wade, Timothy N. Crawford, Nicole Leedy, Alice C. Thornton

Family Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted on March 23, 2010 significantly impacted access to healthcare for people living with HIV (PLWH). Expansion of care was accomplished in three areas: eliminating exclusions for pre-existing conditions, elimination of lifetime caps on healthcare expenditures, and expansion of Medicaid eligibility.

Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of state implementation of the ACA Medicaid expansion on referral to HIV care at a Ryan White federally funded clinic in Kentucky (University of Kentucky Bluegrass Care Clinic [UK BCC]).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of all newly enrolled patients at the UK BCC between March 2010 and …

Task-Offload Tools Improve Productivity And Performance In Geopolitical Forecasting, Ion Juvina, Othalia Larue, Colin Widmer, Subhashini Ganapathy, Srikanth Nadella, Brandon Minnery, Lance Ramshaw, Emile Servan-Schreiber, Maurice Balick, Ralph Weischedel

Psychology Faculty Publications

Recent studies in geopolitical forecasting have identifiedpsychological variables that predict forecasting accuracy.We studied the effect of providing human forecasters withautomated information search and task management supporttools. Our research aimed to determine whether use of thesupport tools could explain additional variance in forecast-ing performance above and beyond psychological variables.We found that the provided tools encouraged participants todo more work (i.e., information search, communication, re-flection, etc.), which in turn resulted in improved forecast-ing performance.

Identifying Factors Underlying The Decision For Genetic Carrier Screening Among Women In Montgomery County, Sowon Kim

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

As medical scientific technologies evolve, numerous medical tests help not only physicians with their clinical judgment, but also patients by empowering them with more knowledge of their own health. An example is Genetic Carrier Screening (GCS) [1-2]. Genetic Carrier Screening (GCS) is a genetic test that allows patients to find out if they carry genes for certain genetic disorders. The results of the test enable patients to make changes to their family planning decisions and prenatal care when appropriate and allow them the opportunity to seek further medical and social support [3]. The clinical utility of GCS is evident in …

Food Insecurity And Healthy Food Availability In The State Of Ohio, Yanley Sánchez

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: This research study aims to determine the impact of food insecurity and healthy food availability in the state of Ohio. It investigates how food insecurity in Ohio has changed between 2016 and 2020. It also investigates how food insecurity correlates with education level by looking at high school graduation rates. It also investigates how Ohio, a state with a high level of food insecurity, compares to California which has low levels of food insecurity. This study also compares how food insecurity differs in rural and urban counties throughout the state of Ohio.

Methods: ANOVA with posthoc will be conducted …

Understanding The Relationship Between Early Childhood Education And Long-Term Health And Quality Of Life Outcomes, Ryan Mcnulty

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Education is widely understood to be beneficial with regard to social opportunity, health outcomes, and quality of life scoring. Society opinion and literature are in accordance with this understanding. Much of the current literature, however, focuses on how higher education provides many of these benefits, but little investigates how early childhood education correlates with such outcomes. The objective of this study is to investigate what relationships there are between early childhood education performance and long-term health and quality of life outcomes. This investigation will explore Ohio’s third grade reading and math scores on standardized exams as compared to a national …

Marijuana Use And Mental Health Among Emergency Department Patients, Megan Hanna

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the U.S. with an increasing number of users in recent years.

Objective: This study was undertaken to identify common reasons for marijuana use and any relationship between its use and mental health among Emergency Department (ED) patients. Methods: A total of 303 ED patients participated from the Miami Valley Hospital Emergency Department. Eligible participants included those with any marijuana use. Subjects were administered a survey which identified age of first use, reasons for use, and presence of anxiety and depression …