Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Usability Of Cockpit Automation In Managing Normal And Abnormal Aircraft Operations, Ioana Koglbauer, Reinhard Braunstingl, Erich Grubmueller, Klaus Fruehwirth, Siegfried Loesch

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

In the present study we assessed pilots` usability and acceptance of an advanced glass cockpit system during normal and abnormal operation. Two matched groups of pilots (female and male) attended a series of tasks which required the use of automated and manual cockpit functions. The cockpit was implemented in the research flight simulator at Graz University of Technology. Pilots` performance, psychophysiological state, workload and situation awareness were evaluated in a repeated measures design. Benefits and limitations of the automated and manual cockpit functions are discussed. Conclusions for the optimization of glass cockpit functions in normal and abnormal operation were drawn …

Why Air Traffic Controllers Accept Or Refuse Automated Technology, Marek Bekier, Brett R. C Molesworth, Ann M. Williamson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Increased utilisation of automation is seen as a potential, if not the most likely solution to cope with the forecasted increase in air traffic (SESAR, 2006; FAA, 2010). However, Air Traffic Controller Operators (ATCOs) are very selective about forms of automated assistance (EUROCONTROL, 2000). Automation acceptance is considered crucial for the successful implementation of any new technology within air traffic management and therefore is one of the largest challenges the industry faces (Hilburn & Flynn, 2001). Since traditional predictors of automation acceptance such as trust and job satisfaction appear to be diminishing (Bekier, Molesworth & Williamson, in press), the main …

Developing Asap (Anticipation Support For Aeronautical Planning), Sami Lini, Pierre-Alexandre Favier, Xavier Servantie, Bruno Vallespir, Sylvain Hourlier

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The 2009 A320 ditching on the Hudson River revealed to the public that critical decision-making ability was a key asset for pilots. Situation awareness and workload management are two key elements as well as the ability to anticipate how the situation will evolve. Thales Avionics is funding research through its HF research Lab (HEAL) on HMI facilitating pilot anticipation. This presentation covers a literature review on anticipation so as to develop a model of anticipation in a realistic flying task. Analyzing the concept of anticipation leads us to consider it as a metacognitive process relying on cognitive resource management, situation …

Conflict Detection In Air Traffic Conrol: Distuinguishing Between Judgments Of Conflict Risk And Intervention Decisions, Stéphanie Stankovic, Esa Rantanen, Nicolas Ponomarenko

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

This paper seeks to make a distinction between cognitive processes involved in conflict risk judgment and those involved in conflict avoidance decisions (controllers’ interventions for separation assurance). First, we conducted a systematic review of the conflict detection literature to identify studies that focused on conflict risk assessments and studies that focused on conflict avoidance (intervention). We then report empirical data pertaining to controller intervention judgments. Studies on conflict avoidance have rarely described the intervention decision making process and its interaction with the conflict risk assessment process, whereas our data indicated differences in terms of information processing between judgments of conflict …

The Comparison Of Air Traffic Controllers’ To College Students’ Memory Performance And Brain Activities, Sehchang Hah, Ben Willems, Hasan Ayaz, Scott Bunce, Kurtulus Izzetoglu, Atul Deshmukh

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

We compared controllers and college students memory task performance and brain activities while performing the task. The purpose of these comparisons was to test the hypothesis that controllers must have acquired special memorization skills from many years of air traffic control and that their brains would respond differently from college students’ brains. To perform the task, they must maintain a sequence of characters in their working memory and manipulate the characters. We compared controllers’ brain activities to college students’ recorded at the prefrontal cortex with functional near infrared (fNIR) spectroscopy while performing the task. Our results showed that controllers performed …

Personality Type Preference Assessment As A Component Of Pilot Training, Gil Sinclair, Tracey Moon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

In aviation education and training, students experience a number of tests to determine their technical abilities and theoretical knowledge. When piloting an aircraft, many stage checks and examinations must be completed before a license is issued. Even then, the testing does not stop; pilots in commercial aviation are subject to a whole range of periodic checks in simulators and in the air. During these evaluations, shortcomings in technical abilities can be identified and corrective action taken before retesting. However, during testing, candidates are especially careful to minimize any tendencies they may have under normal circumstances to, for example, make a …

Automation For Human-Robotic Interaction: Modeling And Predicting Operator Performance, Angelia Sebok, Christopher Wickens, Marc Gacy

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Human-robotic interaction presents numerous challenges to designers and operators. One way to address these challenges is through task automation. However, appropriate application of automation, reducing workload while keeping the operator informed and in control, without causing skill degradation, is not generally understood. In this paper, we describe a human performance modeling and simulation approach to evaluating the effects of automation on operator and system performance. In this research, we identify and combine relevant factors that affect operator performance into operator-robotic system interaction models. The result of this project will be a partially-validated tool to help system designers evaluate potential automation …

Characterizing Air Traffic Controller Sector Specific Knowledge: An Abstractionbased Analysis, Rahul Bhagat, Jonathan Histon, R. John Hansman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The need to train air traffic controllers on sector-specific operational traffic patterns and procedures creates staffing inflexibility and training inefficiency across the National Airspace System (NAS). The deployment of generic airspace, or air traffic control sectors with similar operational characteristics, is one means of addressing these challenges in next generation (NextGen) ATC operational concepts. Based on prior work, local, sector specific knowledge, is thought to be captured in part through abstractions, or simplifications of a controller’s mental model. This paper describes a methodology used to identify key properties characterizing three distinct abstraction types (standard flows, handoffs, and merges). This categorization …

Combining Behavioral And Biometric Measurements For Automated Performance Assessment, Chris Forsythe, Robert A. Abbott, Susan M. Stevens-Addams, Michael Haass, Laura Matzen, Kiran Lakkaraju

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Technologies are needed enabling more cost-effective military aviation training. Automated performance assessment has been advanced as one approach to enable instructors to make more effective use of simulation-based training systems. Recent experimental research will be reviewed illustrating that automated techniques produce student assessments comparable to human appraisals of student performance and employed within an after-action debrief, resulted in more effective training, as compared to a baseline after-action debrief capability. These studies used the E-2 Enhanced Deployable Readiness Trainer (EDRT), a medium-fidelity simulation trainer employed for training E-2 Hawkeye Naval Flight Officers (NFOs). This paper will summarize further developments to combine …

Prevalence Of Metabolic Abnormalities In Children With Varying Degrees Of Obesity, Leah Sabato

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

As the prevalence of obesity among children has risen, metabolic syndrome, a cluster of abnormalities which includes obesity, altered glucose metabolism, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, has increasingly become recognized in the pediatric population. Metabolic syndrome has been studied extensively in adults, and there is increasing interest to understand the condition in adolescents; however, studies of metabolic syndrome in younger children are limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among children aged 6-10 years. Demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were gathered retrospectively from the medical records of 222 obese children aged …

The Association Between Neighborhood Walkability, Type 2 Diabetes, And Socioeconomic Status In Residents Of Eight Ohio Counties, Dawn L. Ebron

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: Regular physical activity is beneficial in preventing type 2 diabetes. Walking, either for recreation or to travel to a destination, is an inexpensive way to meet physical activity guidelines. Disadvantaged populations with low socioeconomic status (SES) have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and are more likely to live in unwalkable neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between SES and neighborhood walkability in eight Ohio counties with highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the state.

Methods: Using data from the 2010 Ohio Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey and Walk Score …

Intravenous Ascorbic Acid To Prevent And Treat Cancer-Associated Sepsis?, Thomas E. Ichim, Boris Minev, Todd Braciak, Brandon Luna, Ron Hunninghake, Nina A. Mikirova, James A. Jackson, Michael J. Gonzalez, Jorge R. Miranda-Massari, Doru T. Alexandrescu, Constantin A. Dasanu, Vladimir Bogin, Janis Ancans, R. Brian Stevens, Boris Markosian, James Koropatnick, Chien-Shing Chen, Neil H. Riordan

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

The history of ascorbic acid (AA) and cancer has been marked with controversy. Clinical studies evaluating AA in cancer outcome continue to the present day. However, the wealth of data suggesting that AA may be highly beneficial in addressing cancer-associated inflammation, particularly progression to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multi organ failure (MOF), has been largely overlooked. Patients with advanced cancer are generally deficient in AA. Once these patients develop septic symptoms, a further decrease in ascorbic acid levels occurs. Given the known role of ascorbate in: a) maintaining endothelial and suppression of inflammatory markers; b) protection from sepsis …

Using A Measure Of Occupational Stereotype To Assess Ingroup-Outgroup Bias Among Aerospace Specializations, Richard G. Moffett Iii, Michael B. Hein, Glenn L. Littlepage

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Safe and efficient flight operations require the effective intergroup coordination across multiple aerospace specializations. Various factors can impact this coordination including attitudes such as occupational stereotypes. This study reports on the development of a measure to assess ingroupoutgroup bias among aerospace specializations. Students from six aerospace specializations (Administration, Aircraft Maintenance, Air Traffic Control, Flight Dispatch and Scheduling, Professional Pilot, and Technology) at a southern university completed a questionnaire designed to assess stereotypes using adjectives to describe the members of ingroups and outgroups. Results indicate that students who had identified themselves as pilots or dispatchers exhibited ingroupoutgroup bias but in different …

Situation Awareness, Workload, And Performance In Midterm Nextgen: Effect Of Variations In Aircraft Equipage Levels Between Scenarios, L. Paige Bacon, Thomas Z. Strybel, Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Joshua M. Kraut, Jimmy H. Nguyen, Vernol Battiste, Walter Johnson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

We investigated the impact of mixed equipage traffic on air traffic controller (ATC) performance, workload and situation awareness in an airspace simulation of an en route sector. Nine retired ATCs and seven student ATCs managed traffic and responded to probe questions designed to measure workload and situation awareness. ATC performance was measured with the AT-SAT OTS Performance Rating Form. Although workload decreased with increasing mixtures of equipped aircraft, the number of LOS appeared to be related more to the percentage of alerted conflicts in the scenario. The probe measure of workload and situation awareness was related to AT-SAT ratings.

Use Of Digital Performance Data In The Flight Training Environment, Lauren M. Vala, Michael S. Nolan, Brian G. Dillman, John P. Young

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The ability to record and monitor flight data in primary training aircraft has dramatically changed in the last decade. By taking advantage of digital data recording equipment on single engine aircraft, the implementation of Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) programs is now feasible for non-airline operations. The integration of FOQA data into training and evaluation will provide multiple opportunities for utilization of this data in a variety of applications. Differences between the operational environments of airlines and collegiate training programs must be addressed if FOQA is to be properly integrated into a collegiate training environment. Through interviews of key university, …

Decision Support Tools And Layouts For Momu (Multiple Operator Multiple Uav) Environments, Tal Oron-Gilad, Talya Porat, Jacob Silbiger, Michal Rottem-Hovev

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The objective of this research is to design and develop tools, layouts, techniques and procedures to aid operators in handling Multiple Operator Multiple UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) environments. In this paper we describe a study conducted on proficient operators, examining a new tool - 'Maintain Video Quality'. This tool aims to facilitate handoffs and UAV switching among operators. Experimental methodology and preliminary findings are discussed.

Applying Principles Of Music Scene Analysis To Synchronous Auditory Warning Signals, Matthew J. Davis

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

In emergency situations pilots are often presented with the difficult task of distinguishing between simultaneous auditory warning signals, each with varying levels of importance. This inability to effectively discriminate between synchronous warnings can lead the pilot to ignore certain signals, to misinterpret them, or to be simply unaware of their presence. The creation of signals that could be easily construed and distinguished from other simultaneous signals would not only be desirable but would also contribute to increased situational awareness and better decision-making during emergencies.

High-Fidelity Simulation And Training To Improve Coordination Between Aerospace Specializations, Paul A. Craig, Richard G. Moffett, Glenn E. Littlepage, Michael B. Hein, Andrea M. Georgiou, Gerald L. Hill, Jennifer A. Henslee, Paul R. Carlson, Nora A. Cole, Joseph H. Cooper, Durant Bridges, Justice Amankwah, Donald J. Tipton, Alan Waid

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

This Symposium contains the first reports of research being conducted at Middle Tennessee State University using a scenario-based teaching methodology with students across multiple disciplines of aviation training. The MTSU Center for Research on Aviation Training is a NASA funded project that had built a replica of an airline’s flight operations center. The basic research of the project involves the interactions between aviation professionals. These interactions can produce smooth and safe operations for passengers, profits for employers and economic benefits for the national and the world – or these interactions can yield chaos, frustration and loss of revenue. This research …

Colorectal Cancer In Montgomery County, Ohio: A Descriptive Analysis, Ursula Turner

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

In the United States colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and is the third leading cause of cancer deaths (Sharma & O’Keefe, 2007). Approximately 270,000 cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed in 2008 with 81,900 cases resulting in death. There were 16,520 cases diagnosed in African Americans and 7,120 resulted in death or significant illness (American Cancer Society, 2008). Mortality as the result of CRC is greater among the African American population with 27% and 38% higher death rates for African American males and females when compared with Caucasian males and females (Agarwal, 2005). CRC is …

A Geospatial Analysis Of The Role Of Urban Forestry In Outdoor Ambient Air Pollution Reduction In Dayton, Ohio, Nicholas P. Clemens

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: Air pollution is associated with negative respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes. According to the American Lung Association listing for 2011, the Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH area ranks 22 out of 277 US cities for year round particulate pollution. The tree canopy cover plays a significant role to reduce air pollution. The purpose of this analysis was to quantify the role of urban forestry in the Dayton, Ohio metropolitan area in reducing air pollution.

Methods: Using a peer-reviewed model designed by the US Forest Service, the imagery data was analyzed to create a descriptive analysis of the canopy cover in the Dayton, …

Nation's Future: Preparedness For Burn Victims, Jacqueline Tippett

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Natural and manmade disasters have occurred throughout the decades, within the United States and around the globe. Increased incidence and awareness of terrorist attacks have caused the US to re-evaluate its safety and preparedness efforts to prevent such events from happening and to develop an adequate response plan if such unfortunate events do occur. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to (1) review and discuss the American Burn Association’s (ABA) paradigm for emergency planning in burn disasters, (2) give recommendation about the National Response Framework (NRF) guidelines on “all hazards” response as they pertains to burns, and (3) give …

An Examination Of Ohio’S Physical Education Academic Content Standard 4, Benchmark A For Grades 9-12, Gabriel Jones

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe select physical education teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness and accuracy of the assessments for Ohio's Physical Education Academic Content Standard 4 Benchmark A in determining the fitness and physical activity levels of high school students. A secondary purpose was to describe the fitness levels of high school physical education students, based on assessment data.

Methods: Participants were forty-one physical education teachers and ninety high school students from southwest Ohio. Data were collected from the teachers through an online questionnaire and from students with FITNESSGRAM testing. FITNESSGRAM data from one local school …

Acl Injuries In Montgomery County, Oh: Moving Toward The Development Of A Prediction Model, Kelly Estes

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are one of the most frequent soft tissue injuries of the knee. A torn ACL leaves the knee joint unstable and at risk for further damage to other soft tissues manifested as pain, dislocation, and osteoarthritis. A better understanding of the dimensional details of knee joints suffering ACL tears and a prediction model for individuals susceptible to tears is needed. Using a cross-sectional study design, magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 72 patients with knee injuries were evaluated from an orthopedic surgery group practice. The status of the ACL was the main variable of interest, creating …

Gastric Antral Web In A 103-Year-Old Patient, Waheed Gul, Khurram Abbass, Ronald J. Markert, Christopher J. Barde

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Congestive Heart Failure Discharge Planning On Congestive Heart Failure Re-Admission Rates, Sula E. Mazimba

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is the most common diagnosis accounting for more healthcare costs than any diagnosis. CHF readmissions contribute significantly to this expenditure. Quality of care in heart failure is linked to process based performance measures. This study evaluated the relationship between adherence to performance metrics and 30 day readmission rates.

Methods: This was a single center case-control study that evaluated 6063 consecutive patients admitted with CHF from December 2001 through December 2008. Data was collected for readmission to the hospital within 30 days and compliance to the heart failure performance measures at discharge.

Results: The rate of …

State Preparedness: A Study Of State Plans, Zachary Fehrman

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been used since the early years of public health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides a standard definition for NPI and what NPI strategies are contained within the definition. This paper seeks to discover if state pandemic influenza plans use the term NPI and its strategies, and if states’ use of NPI strategies in their state pandemic plans is consistent with the CDC definition. To determine how states were defining and using the term NPI and NPI strategies a survey of forty-eight (48) state plans was conducted using each respective states’ pandemic plan. …

The Continuing Challenge Of Aviation Safety In Africa., Dr. Maxine Lubner, Dr. Stephen Braccio, Michael Bartron, Al Logie

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

This study follows an epidemiological approach to examine possible predictors of and current interventions for safety in aviation transportation in two regions with widely different safety records: New York (NY) representing several regions in the US, and Tanzania (Tz), representing several regions in Africa. For most transportation modes, NY has one of the best and Tz has among the worst safety records. This paper identifies some of the similarities and differences between the two regions in order to find ways to improve the safety record in Tz and to ensure that safety continues to improve in NY. Several US, African, …

Multiteam Coordination In Simulated Airline Operations: Assessment Of Interpositional Knowledge And Task Mental Models, Glenn E. Littlepage, Jennifer A. Henslee

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Effective airline operations require coordination among various specializations such as pilot, flight dispatch, and maintenance. Interpositional knowledge (IPK) and task mental models are emergent cognitive states that can facilitate effective coordination. This study examined the extent of IPK and similarity and accuracy of task mental models among aerospace students. Results indicated relatively low levels of IPK and mental model similarity and moderate levels of mental model accuracy. Training activities that enhance IPK and task mental models have the potential to improve coordination and performance of airline personnel.

The Digital Migration Of Research Dissemination In Aviation Psychology Disciplines, Brent D. Bowen, Erin E. Bowen, Henry R. Lehrer, John H. Mott, Charles T. Watkinson, Mark P. Newton, Jennifer Kirschner

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Innovations in research dissemination have emerged over the last decade in the movement toward on-line digital materials and distribution by increasingly environmentally-friendly processes. The access to scholarship has often been limited to major research organizations capable of funding subscriptions, the costs of which have escalated to prohibitive values. Demonstrated herein is a model for world-wide open access to the latest contributions to the foundations of our discipline. The development of a systemic process to cross boundaries so that overall progress can result through the integration of research and industry practice at the individual level is provided. The foundational relationships and …

How Loss Of Neurofibromin In Oligodendrocytes Affects The Brain, Debra A. Mayes, Tilat A. Rizvi, Nathan T. Kolasinski, S. Miller, Nancy Ratner

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Neurofibromatosis type 1 patients are predisposed to central nervous system (CNS) phenotypes including enlarged brains, delayed acquisition of motor skills, brain tumors, and cognitive deficits. Imaging and pathologic analysis suggest that changes in white matter myelination may underlie both the enlargement of white matter tracts that contributes to megancephaly, and/or hyper-intense signals visualized on MRI. To study the role(s) of Nf1 and HRasin oligodendrocytes, we examined the optic nerve and corpus callosum,myelinated fiber tracts.We studiedNf1heterozygous mice,tamoxifen-induced Nf1 loss in mature oligodendrocytes (Plp-CreERT), and a new transgenic model in which the CNPase promoter drives expression of HRasG12V. Activated HRas and loss …