Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Case Study: The Elusive Vaginal Leiomyoma, Fiona Hodges, Roziya Tursunova, Kelly Nagy, Halei Wong, Wright State University Boonshoft Som Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

This poster was presented at the September 2023 Armed Forces District Meeting.

A Perspective On In Vitro Developmental Neurotoxicity Test Assay Results: An Expert Panel Review, D. R. Juberg, D. A. Fox, P. A. Forcelli, S. Kacew, J. C. Lipscomb, S. A. Saghir, Catherine M. Sherwin, C. M. Koenig, S. M. Hays, C. R. Kirman

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

For decades, there has been increasing concern about the potential developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) associated with chemicals. Regulatory agencies have historically utilized standardized in vivo testing to evaluate DNT. Owing to considerations including higher-throughput screening for DNT, reduction in animal use, and potential cost efficiencies, the development of alternative new approach methods (NAMs) occurred; specifically, the advent of the DNT in vitro test battery (DNT IVB). SciPinion convened an expert panel to address specific questions related to the interpretation of in vitro DNT test data. The consensus of the expert panel was that the DNT IVB might be used during initial …

Nutritional Profile And Health Benefits Of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni: An Updated Review, Ishrat Fatima, Mubashrah Munir, Sehrish Sadia, Akash Tariq, Rahmatullah Qureshi

Journal of Bioresource Management

Aim of this comprehensive review is to document the up-dated data about pharmaceutical potential of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni with special focus on its antioxidant activity. A total of 184 research articles were reviewed and five research engines were used to collect the data. The S. rebaudiana (Asteraceae) is indigenous to South America, now cultivated in many countries worldwide to be used as a natural bio-sweetener. Various nutritionally and medically important bioactive compounds such as diterpene glycosides, fatty acids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, phenolics, flavonoids, carbohydrates, carotenoids, steroids, polysaccharides and other phytochemicals constitute chemical composition of Stevia. Owing to the …

Reimagining The Path Of An Unmatched Orthopaedic Residency Application, Stewart A. Bryant, Achraf H. Jardaly, Brent A. Ponce, S. Trent Guthrie, Harris Slone, Jeremy R. Bruce, Andrew W. Wilson, Charles Cody White, Afshin Razi, Amiethab Aiyer, Andrew Sobel, Anil B. Krishnamurthy, Ashley Rogerson, Benjamin Jackson, Brent M. Cone, Brian Scannell, Brock T. Wentz, Carl Paulino, Carol Lin, Charles J. Gatt, Charles Pasque, Craig Eberson, Daniel Wongworawat, Dawn Laporte, Gabriella Ode, George Dyer, Gregory A. Vrabec, Gregory Grabowski, Gregory Vrabec, Haleh Badkoobehi, James Purtill, Jayson Brooks

Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Publications

Background:. Few evidence-based suggestions are available to help applicants and mentors improve reapplication outcomes. We sought to provide program directors' (PDs) perspectives on actionable steps to improve reapplicants' chances for a match. Methods:. The PDs were asked to rank positions unmatched applicants can pursue, steps these applicants can take for the next application cycle, and reasons why reapplicants do not match. Results:. Responses from 66 of 123 PDs were received (53.6% response rate). Obtaining new recommendation letters and rotating with orthopaedics were the highest 20 ranked steps unmatched applicants can take. No curriculum vitae (CV) improvement, poor interview, and poor …

Radiographic Measurements Correlate To Isolated Posterolateral Corner (Plc) Injury In A Novel Cadaveric Model, Joseph D. Henningsen, Scott Huff, Andrew Reichard, Andrew W. Froehle, Anil Krishnamurthy

School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty Publications

Introduction: Injury to the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee often requires surgical reconstruction. There remains no consensus on treatment for PLC injury, and, therefore, it is imperative to have a reproducible injury model to improve the general knowledge of PLC injuries. A novel cadaveric model of isolated PLC injury is proposed and evaluated using radiographic parameters as well as gross dissection.

Material and methods: All protocols were reviewed by the Human Investigation and Research Committee of the home institution and were approved. Translational force in a defined posterior and lateral direction was applied to cadaveric native knees to induce …

Novel Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Pathway Reduces Length Of Stay And Postoperative Opioid Usage In Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion, Kristen Spisak, Matthew Thomas, Zachary J. Sirois, Alvin Jones, Lucinda M. Brown, Andrew W. Froehle, Michael Albert

School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty Publications

Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare our institution’s recently implemented enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol to previous post-operative management for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion, specifically assessing length of stay, opioid consumption, and pain scores.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis that compares the length of stay, opioid consumption, and pain scores of patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Patients were analyzed prior to the implementation of our ERAS protocol, deemed the traditional pain pathway (TPP), to those who underwent the ERAS pathway. All patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for …

Long-Term Spring Through Fall Capture Data Of Eptesicus Fuscus In The Eastern Usa Before And After White-Nose Syndrome, Molly Simonis, Lynn K. Hartzler, Joshua Campbell, Timothy C. Carter, Lisa Noelle Cooper, Katelin Cross, Katherine Etchison, Traci, R. Andrew King, Richard J. Reynolds, Yasmeen Samar, Michael Yasmeen, Sarah Stankavich, Gregory G. Turner, Megan A. Rúa

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Emerging infectious diseases threaten wildlife populations. Without well monitored wildlife systems, it is challenging to determine accurate population and ecosystem losses following disease emergence. North American temperate bats present a unique opportunity for studying the broad impacts of wildlife disease emergence, as their federal monitoring programs were prioritized in the USA throughout the 20 th century and they are currently threatened by the invasive fungal pathogen, Pseudogymnoascus destructans ( Pd ), which causes white-nose syndrome. Here we provide a long-term dataset for capture records of Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) across the eastern USA, spanning 16 years before and 14 …

Sers Of Human Red Blood Cells In Non-Resonant Conditions: Benefits, Limitations, And Complementary Tools (Cytoviva And Gfaas), Kelsey L. Wells, Praveen K. Alla, Kyra G. Kaiser, Ioana T. Murgulet, Norma C. Adragna, Ioana E. Pavel

Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty Publications

Herein, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopies (SERS) were successfully employed to establish the chemical interactions of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 10–15 nm) with human red blood cells (RBCs). The Raman/SERS spectra offered spectral evidence for the cellular uptake of AgNPs and the subsequent change in the conformation of the most abundant component, hemoglobin (Hb), from oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin. The spectral characterization of AgNPs’ interactions with other RBC biomarkers (membrane proteins and lipids) was impeded by the dominant Hb bands, even for non-resonant Hb conditions. CytoViva hyperspectral imaging and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) served as complementary tools to effectively …

A Cohort Study Assessing The Impact Of Anki As A Spaced Repetition Tool On Academic Performance In Medical School, Michael M. Gilbert, Timothy C. Frommeyer, Garrett V. Brittain, Nickolas A. Stewart, Todd M. Turner, Adrienne Stolfi, Dean Parmelee

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Introduction

Anki is an application that capitalizes upon the techniques of spaced repetition and is increasingly utilized by medical students for examination preparation. This study examines the impact of Anki usage in a medical school curriculum on academic performance. Secondary objectives analyzed individual Anki utilization and a qualitative assessment of Anki use.

Methods

A cohort-control study was conducted at Boonshoft School of Medicine. One hundred thirty first-year medical students were enrolled in an Anki utilization training program from July 2021 to September 2021. Training included educational Anki courses and subsequent survey data collection over Anki usage. Data variables included all …

Assessment Of Antimicrobial Competence Of Epiphytes And Endophytes From Osmium Basilicum And Trigonella Foenum Graecum, Iram Asim, Atia Iqbal, Muhammad Ikrama Tanveer

Journal of Bioresource Management

Plant-associated bacteria are an unexplored group of microorganisms that has enormous potential. These bacteria are the source of finding new antimicrobial substances. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize the epiphytes and endophytes from Osmium basilicum and Trigonella foenum graecum plants and to determine their antimicrobial potential against pathogenic bacteria from Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan. The sum of 18 stems and roots along leaf specimens were assembled as of the plant's Osmium basilicum plus Trigonella foenum graecum as of the distinct locales of the Multan city. Overall 73 bacterial strains were isolated and their colony morphology, gram staining, spore …

A Review On Antibiotic Resistance And The Use Of Medicinal Plants In The Management Of Uropathogenic Bacteria, Hubza Ruatt Khan, Mehvish Javeed, Iqra Batool, Rabeea Anwar, Asma Ashraf, Sara Janiad

Journal of Bioresource Management

UTIs are the most prevalent infections and are caused by uropathogenic microbes such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus spp. Antibiotic resistance has hampered the management of UTIs over the years, with direct repercussions on the treatment cost, the infection severity, and the duration of hospitalization. This review discussed the route of infections, risk factors connected to UTIs, antibiotic resistance issues as well as an alternative therapy to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance. The medicinal plants, which have been utilized for thousands of years to cure a variety of ailments, represent a …

Gabaergic Synaptic Scaling Is Triggered By Changes In Spiking Activity Rather Than Transmitter Receptor Activation, Carlos Gonzalez-Islas, Zahraa Sabra, Ming-Fai Fong, Pernille Bülow, Nicholas Au Yong, Kathrin Engisch, Peter Wenner

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Homeostatic plasticity represents a set of mechanisms that are thought to recover some aspect of neural function. One such mechanism called AMPAergic scaling was thought to be a likely candidate to homeostatically control spiking activity. However, recent findings have forced us to reconsider this idea as several studies suggest AMPAergic scaling is not directly triggered by changes in spiking. Moreover, studies examining homeostatic perturbations in vivo have suggested that GABAergic synapses may be more critical in terms of spiking homeostasis. Here we show results that GABAergic scaling can act to homeostatically control spiking levels. We find that increased or decreased …

Resident Perspectives On The Value Of Rural General Surgery Rotations: It's Not Just About The Cases, Dorothy Hughes, Rebekah Wood, Randy Woods, Michael Sarap

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

Purpose: Understand the scope of cases that residents participate in during rural general surgery rotations and the value residents and program directors find in such rotations. In turn, our goal is to add to the ongoing conversation the value exposure to rural surgery brings to surgery training. Methods: Qualitative study analyzed reviews of residents' self-reported case lists and field notes from exit interviews with the site director. Results: Trainees participated in an average of 105 cases during the rotation, including basic and advanced endoscopy along with exposure to a wide array of surgical cases. Residents had exposure to the rural …

Interview Of Pilots’ Inflight Loss Of Control Experiences, Neelakshi Majumdar, Karen Marais

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Inflight loss of control (LOC-I) continues to be a significant cause of General Aviation fixed-wing aircraft accidents. Nearly 20% of fixed-wing aircraft accidents in the last two decades involved LOC-I, and approximately 45% of LOC-I accidents are fatal. Previous studies suggest that the leading factors in aviation accidents are human factors-related. One approach to better understand the causes of LOC-I accidents is to analyze accidents using sources such as the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) database. However, the NTSB General Aviation accident reports include limited detail on human factors, specifically pilot actions and conditions. We interviewed pilots about their LOC-I …

A Multi-Method Approach To Work Design For Crew In Future Remotely Piloted Aircraft Operations, Kayler Marshall, Penelope Sanderson, Andrew Neal

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Globally, most safety regulators only allow crew to operate one remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) at a time due to workload concerns. More sophisticated automation is anticipated to alleviate operator workload, allowing crew to simultaneously operate more than one RPA. However, how work should be distributed amongst crew is still unknown. We employ a complementary set of methods for work design in a future system of RPA operation: Cognitive Work Analysis, computational modelling, and human-in-the-loop experiments. In this paper we describe each method, outlining the unique insights gained and how these are applied in the evaluation of work in a future …

Exploring Informal Learning Structures In Airline Operations, Barth Baron Jr., Dorrit Billman, Randall J. Mumaw

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Airline pilot training is extensive, highly structured, and driven by aircraft and airspace system operating requirements, yet pilots describe a tradition of between-pilot knowledge transfer and self-directed learning. While industry and regulators focus on “formal learning” systems, pilots report relying on this “informal learning” to build operational expertise, suggesting gaps in how successfully formal learning prepares pilots to handle operational complexities. The community that researches learning has extensively studied informal learning, including in a workplace setting, and its characteristics align with how pilots report increasing their skills and knowledge informally. However, no research into informal learning practices among airline pilots …

Resilient Strategies In Commercial Aviation, Michael Stewart, Bryan Matthews

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

When we fly and nothing scary happens, is the system’s design affording this success? Not always — sometimes humans are the cause of success. This resilient performance is often overlooked. We explore two types of resilient performance strategies: countermeasures and modifications. countermeasures are behaviors triggered by variables anticipated to be challenging or problematic (i.e., pressures). To capture this, we look at examples of how a problem was avoided. For example, a country road may have a hairpin turn where accidents more frequently occur. With this pressure identified, we look at successful drivers for insights. Modifications are changes that are created …

Extracting Lessons Of Resilience Using Machine Mining Of The Asrs Database, Immanuel Barshi, Bryan Matthews, Jolene Feldman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

NASA’s Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) database is the world's largest repository of voluntary, confidential safety information provided by aviation's frontline personnel. The database contains close to 2 million narratives, many of which describe everyday situations in which people saved the day. In these situations, people’s resilient behavior solved a problem, dealt with a malfunction, and maintained a safe operation despite a serious perturbation. To be able to extract lessons of such resilience from this large database, the use of machine learning algorithms is being explored. In this report, we describe a comparison between two such algorithms: BERT and Word2Vec. …

The Viability Of See-And-Avoid For Urban Air Mobility Operations, Richard Mogford, Walter Johnson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is an emerging aviation concept that could supplement today’s ground and air transportation systems. For UAM, it is generally assumed that the private sector will manage separation and not rely on the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration air traffic control system. To date, discussions of initial operations focus on using the visual abilities of the pilot to see-and-avoid (SAA) other aircraft. Decades of research on SAA has demonstrated that it is inadequate for reliable detection of aircraft that might pose a collision risk. The literature on multi-object tracking is also reviewed for findings on how well humans …

Nasa Human Factors Red Light/Green Light Analysis: Overview And Spacshiptwo Rl/Gl Case Study, Tracy Dillinger, Isabel Hernandez

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Historically, learning from accidents and incidents involves identifying errors of commission or omission and “things that go wrong” and how to reduce their recurrence. While well-intentioned, infrequent failures receive more attention than everyday successes. Human Factors analysis need not limit itself to learning from failures. Learning from “what goes right” involves identifying resilience factors associated with behaviors and processes that strengthen the system and reduce risk. This article provides an overview of how the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Human Factors Task Force (HFTF) constructed the NASAHFACS model and the Red Light/Green Light approach. Using SpaceShipTwo as a case …

Concept Of A Cognitive Agent Supporting Collaboration In Human Teams, Wolfgang Sachsenhauser, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

This contribution aims at the support of human teamwork between crew members of next generation combat aircraft by means of a distributed and adaptive assistant system. In future combined air operations several aircraft, manned and unmanned, operate together to achieve a common mission objective. That requires a high degree of coordination amongst the pilots, each of them being highly charged with e.g., managing unmanned vehicles from their cockpits. Our approach is to develop a distributed assistant system that observes each pilot in their cockpits. By use of a task model, it shall create and update a shared representation of the …

Concept Of An Automated Activity Determination In The Temporal Domain For Adaptive Pilot Assistance, Karl Tschurtschenthaler, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

In this contribution, we describe our initial conceptual thoughts on how to determine pilot activity in real-time within a multitasking environment. The presented concept extends our previous research on determining the pilot activity which analyses manual and gaze interactions by evidential reasoning. This approach resulted in a fragmented pattern of activities over time due to the high frequency of gaze shifts. Our concept suggests concatenating the activities and using the resulting sequence as a feature set for classification. We hypothesize that this representations of activities reflects the complex nature of concurrent and serial multitasking more appropriately. For probabilistic inference, we …

Analyses Of The Boeing 737max Accidents: Formal Models And Psychological Perspectives, Immanuel Barshi, Asaf Degani, Robert Mauro, Randal J. Mumaw

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Two fatal accidents involving the B737MAX resulted from the flight crews’ inability to overcome the effects of the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS). MCAS was designed to mimic the control column feel pressure and pitching behavior of the B737NG, which was the certification basis for the B737MAX. We briefly describe the potential role of formally modeling different perspectives during system design, and how such modeling can reveal gaps and conflicts between perspectives. We also discuss some of the relevant human factors issues involved in these accidents and how the aircraft’s behavior may have affected the pilots’ psychological states. Implications for …

Development And Psychometric Evaluation Of Us Air Force Aptitude Composites For Aircrew Training, Montana R. Woolley, Thomas R. Carretta

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

The Air Force Officer Qualifying Test (AFOQT) is used to qualify applicants for officer commissioning and for aircrew training. Although the current aircrew aptitude composites have shown predictive validity against initial aircrew training outcomes for many years, they also have demonstrated moderate to large mean score subgroup differences (SGDs) for females and racial/ethnic minorities. Historically, AFOQT aptitude composites have been computed from a combination of the cognitive subtests. The current study examined the utility of Predictive Success Models (PSMs) which added personality facets from the Self-Description Inventory for Officers to the existing cognitive composites. Three statistical methods were utilized to …

Initial Testing Of The Uncrewed Aerial System Pilot Kit (Uasp-Kit) In Operational Settings, Lynne Martin, Lauren Roberts, Joey Mercer, Yasmin Arbab, Charles Walter, William Mccarty, Charles Sheehe Iii, David Fuller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Pilots for small uncrewed aerial systems (sUAS) are at a disadvantage for building situation awareness of the remote airspace in which they are flying, simply because they are distant from their vehicles. A tool to provide increased air traffic situation awareness for an sUAS pilot is being developed. The UAS pilot kit, “UASP-kit,” is small and self-contained, with its chief capability being to collect and display Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast reports from local aircraft. UASP-kits were taken into the field, introduced to users during a training course, and then left with them for use throughout the summer fire season. sUAS pilots …

Uas Voice Communications Intelligibility Testing, Alex Konkel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operations are increasing rapidly. UAS would like to operate similarly to current aircraft in the National Airspace System (NAS), including communicating with air traffic control and possibly each other. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is evaluating a potential voice communications system that would allow this to see if the system’s latency and voice intelligibility are sufficient to meet FAA requirements. This paper describes the results of the first phase of voice intelligibility testing. Participants completed two tests, a Message Completion Test developed by the Human Factors Branch and the Modified Rhyme Test, with the audio being …

Development Of A Concept For Analyzing Moral Decision-Making In High Presence Virtual Environments, Sissy Friedrich, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

In future military aviation, Artificial Intelligence will play a key role in combat battlefield tactics by reducing workload and taking over decisions exploiting advantages of speed and precision of computers. However, the question of the so-called trigger authority remains the core issue in this field as ethical tensions arise when a machine decides over the use of lethal force. To enable the operator to make the most morally justifiable decision, the most suitable human-automation workshare has to be determined so that he is supported in just the right way and not overloaded nor exposed to automation bias or loss of …

Acquiring Manual Flying Skills In A Virtual Reality Flight Simulator, Wiestse D. Ledegang, Erik Van Der Burg, Ivo V. Stuldreher, Mark M. J. Houben, Eric L. Groen, Danny Van Der Horst, Erik A. M. Starmans, Guido Almekinders

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

In this study, we explored the possibility of objectively assessing the progress in manual flying skills by student pilots using Virtual Reality (VR). Using a VR flight simulator of the Pilatus PC-7 training aircraft, fifteen participants without flying experience practiced basic flight maneuvers based on self-study and without receiving feedback. Relevant flight performance measures were normalized and a learning curve was fitted, representing learning speed and end-level. During some runs an N-back task was included as a secondary task to quantify the participants’ cognitive capacity. Interestingly, performance on the N-back was not a good predictor of someone’s learning curve. The …

Measuring The Lookout Behavior Of Student Pilots In A Virtual Reality Flight Simulator, Ivo V. Stuldreher, Erik Van Der Burg, Wietse D. Ledegang, Mark M. J. Houben, Eric L. Groen, Danny Van Der Horst, Erik A. M. Starmans, Guido Almekinders

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Learning adequate gaze behavior is essential in flight training. In this exploratory study we investigated the development of gaze behavior in flight training in a virtual reality (VR) flight simulator. Following standardized study material, fifteen participants without flying experience repeatedly practiced three basic flight maneuvers in a VR simulator of a small aircraft. During some runs, participants performed an additional N-back task to measure cognitive spare capacity. From the recorded gaze data we computed the percentage of time during which the gaze was directed outside the cockpit, i.e., the “Lookout”. This outside dwell ratio differed between flight maneuvers. A higher …

A Comparison Of Virtual Reality And High-Fidelity Flight Training Devices For Ab Initio Pilot Training, Naomi Paul, Brad Moncion, Shi Cao

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

High-fidelity flight training devices (FTDs) have value for ab initio pilot training, but their high cost is a major limitation. Researchers want to know if low-cost simulators, including virtual reality (VR), may be effective for some aspects of ab initio pilot training, supplementing FTDs. This work used a between-subjects experiment with 20 participants – all student pilots at the University of Waterloo with under 20 hours of flight experience – to analyze performance changes after training using either a FTD or VR simulator for procedural and aircraft handling tasks over three training sessions. Performance was assessed using instructor evaluations for …