Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 68, No. 4, 1991)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Dq Alpha Polymorphism Using The Polymerase Chain Reaction, Richard Mello

Theses and Dissertations

This was a study of detection systems for DQ alpha HLA polymorphism that could be exploited for the demonstration of simulated chimerism. Polymorphic segments of DO alpha DNA were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Simulated chimerism was represented by a mixture of minor and major component DNA. The goal was to detect minor component DNA in the presence of major component DNA utilizing various laboratory techniques. Techniques studied included probe strip typing with the AmpliType HLA-DO Alpha test kit, allele-specific amplification, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, restriction enzymes, and Southern transfer combined with a peroxidase detection system.

The AmpliType HLA-DO …

The Effects Of Concentric And Eccentric Contractions Performed At Equal Power Levels On Skeletal Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy, Thomas Philip Mayhew

Theses and Dissertations

There are no data available as to whether training with eccentric contractions are more effective than concentric contractions for producing skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy. To better understand the effects of training with different contraction types two related studies were performed.

In the first study a device which is frequently used by clinicians for concentric and eccentric exercise, the Kin-Com^R, was tested for accuracy and reliability. The measurements obtained from the force, angle, and speed transducers of this device were found to be accurate and reliable between days.

The purpose of the second study was to determine if there …

Pharmacokinetics Of Cefepime In Patients With Respiratory Tract Infections, J. M. Kovarik, J. C. Ter Maaten, C. M. A. Rademaker, M. Deenstra, I. M. Hoepelman, H. C. Hart, Gary R. Matzke, J. Verhoef

Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science Publications

The steady-state pharmacokinetics of cefepime were evaluated in 10 middle-aged and elderly patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections who were receiving 1 g intravenously every 12 h. One preinfusion and 15 postinfusion serum samples and total urine output were collected over one dosing interval between days 3 and 8 of therapy. Cefepime concentrations in serum over time exhibited a multicompartmental profile. Peak and trough concentrations in serum determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method were 71.2 +/- 17.2 (mean +/- standard deviation) and 6.0 +/- 4.9 mg/liter, respectively. The steady-state volume of distribution was 0.22 +/- 0.05 liter/kg. …

Apparent Biliary Pseudolithiasis During Ceftriaxone Therapy, Karen L. Heim-Duthoy, Erskine M. Caperton, Robert Pollock, Gary R. Matzke, Dirk Enthoven, Phillip K. Peterson

Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science Publications

Biliary pseudolithiasis has been reported in patients who received ceftriaxone therapy. To examine this phenomenon further, serial gallbladder sonograms were evaluated in 44 adult patients who received intravenous ceftriaxone at 2 g or a placebo daily for 14 days in a double-blind controlled study. Ultrasound examinations of gallbladders were performed on days 1 and 14 of therapy and 2 weeks posttherapy if abnormalities were observed on day 14. Eight patients were unevaluable because of abnormal base-line gallbladder sonograms. Thirty-six patients (ceftriaxone, n = 28; placebo, n = 8) demonstrated normal baseline gallbladder sonograms and were evaluated for the development of …

Disorders Of The Digestive-System In The Elderly, Robert D. Shamburek, John T. Farrar

Internal Medicine Publications

CHANGES in the anatomy and physiology of the epithelium of the digestive organs because of aging are slight.1 The functional capacity of both the secretory and absorptive cells of the gut is so great that a decrease to as little as 5 to 10 percent of normal function is required for a clinical effect to be evident. In contrast to the epithelial-cell reserve, connective-tissue changes are manifested in midlife, and age-related changes in these tissues are responsible for many digestive disorders, such as colonic vascular ectasias and diverticula of the gut.

The anatomical and physiologic changes that do occur …

Cyclosporine-Induced Sympathetic Activation And Hypertension After Heart-Transplantation, Urs Scherrer, Susan F. Vissing, Barbara J. Morgan, Julia A. Rollins, Richard S. A. Tindall, Steves Ring, Peter Hanson, Pramod K. Mohanty, Ronald G. Victor

Internal Medicine Publications

BACKGROUND.

Hypertension is a frequent complication of cyclosporine-induced immunosuppression, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In anesthetized animals, the administration of cyclosporine increases sympathetic-nerve discharge, which may contribute to hypertension.

METHODS.

To determine whether cyclosporine-induced hypertension is accompanied by sustained sympathetic neural activation in patients, we recorded sympathetic action potentials using intraneural microelectrodes (in the peroneal nerve) in heart-transplant recipients receiving azathioprine and prednisone alone (n = 5) or in combination with cyclosporine (n = 14). We performed the same studies in eight patients with myasthenia gravis who were receiving cyclosporine and eight who were not, in five patients with …

Assessment Of Cefazolin And Cefuroxime Tissue Penetration By Using A Continuous Intravenous Infusion., John E. Connors, Joseph T. Dipiro, Ronald G. Hayter, K. Dale Hooker, Johnny A. Stanfield, Timothy R. Young

Publications from the Office of the Dean

A continuous intravenous infusion was used to assess the tissue penetration of cefazolin (14 subjects) and cefuroxime (15 subjects) in orthopedic surgery patients. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of cefazolin (mean, 178.6 mg/h) orcefuroxime (mean, 330.0 mg/h) at a rate estimated to achieve a target steady-state total concentration of 50 micrograms/ml in serum. The infusion was initiated 12 to 14 h before surgery, and blood and muscle tissue samples were collected intraoperatively at the times of incision and wound closure. Although there was a significant difference between the free concentrations ofcefazolin (at incision, 9.3 micrograms/ml; …

Effects Of Magnesium-Aluminum Hydroxide And Calcium Carbonate Antacids On Bioavailability Of Ofloxacin, Soledad Flor, David R. P. Guay, John A. Opsahl, Kenneth Tack, Gary R. Matzke

Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science Publications

The effects of 15- and 5-ml doses of magnesium-aluminum hydroxide (MAH) and calcium carbonate (CC) antacids, respectively, on the bioavailability of ofloxacin after single oral 400-mg doses of ofloxacin were investigated in a 32-subject, randomized, crossover, open-label study. On four separate occasions, subjects received ofloxacin alone or antacid 24 h before, 2 h before, or 2 h after ofloxacin administration (n = 16 for each antacid). CC administration had no significant effect on the rate and extent of ofloxacin absorption regardless of the timing of antacid administration. A small but significant negative effect of MAH administration 2 h before ofloxacin …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 67, No. 4, 1990)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 67, No. 1, 1990)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 67, No. 2, 1990)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 67, No. 3, 1990)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Hospital Quality Assurance And Outcomes Of Hospitalization, Patricia A. Rowell

Theses and Dissertations

This study was undertaken to address the need of professionals responsible for assuring the quality of hospital care for a framework for understanding and evaluating quality assurance mechanisms and their impact on hospital quality of care. Primary data were collected from 70 Virginia short term acute care general hospitals on the design and resources of their quality assurance programs in 1986. Adverse outcome data for 1986 were collected from the Medical Society of Virginia Review Organization. Hospital structural data were obtained from the American Hospital Association computer data base and the Federal Register. The intermediate outcome variables are: rate of …

The Analysis Of 3-Channel "Vector" Visual Evoked Potentials And Possible Neuroanatomical Correlates, Lance Mitchell Siegel

Theses and Dissertations

he use of evoked potentials to evaluate the functional integrity of neuronal pathways has become a useful and accepted practice in clinical medicine. The use of visual evoked potentials for assisting in the diagnosis of such diseases as optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis is also well recognized. However, the visual evoked potential, unlike the auditory evoked potentials, lacks a well defined electrophysiological to neuroanatomical correlation; especially that of a significant non-cortical component. Currently, visual evoked potentials rely principally on the measurement of a cortical (occipital) positive peak of activity at 100ms (P100), recorded with a single channel electrode system, to …

Purification And Characterization Of Two Oxidoreductases Involved In Bile Acid Modification By The Intestinal Anaerobe Eubacterium Sp. Vpi 12708, Clifton Franklund

Theses and Dissertations

Two enzymes, a 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) and an NADH-dependent flavin oxidoreductase (NADH:FOR), have been purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity from the intestinal anaerobe Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708. Using a protocol consisting of four chromatographic separations, the 7α-HSDH was purified by a factor of over 1200-fold with more than a 30% final recovery. Subunit molecular mass was estimated to be 32 Kdal by SDS-PAGE, while native molecular mass estimates from gel filtration were 124 Kdal. The purified 7α-HSDH was able to utilize a variety of bile acids containing an unhindered 7α-hydroxy moiety as substrates, existing either as free acids or glycine …

Adolescent Pregnancy And Loneliness, Estelle M. Brodeur

Theses and Dissertations

This descriptive study explored loneliness among pregnant adolescents in a southeastern metropolitan area. Numerous psychosocial variables of the special population of pregnant teens remain to be studied. One such variable is loneliness, a feeling often experienced by adolescents. The present study hypothesized that loneliness may occur during adolescent pregnancy. To date, one study exists (Diiorio & Riley, 1988) of loneliness and adolescent pregnancy.

The problem statement was: Does loneliness exist among pregnant adolescents? Three research questions were addressed:

Within this sample:

1. To what extent does loneliness exist?

2. Is loneliness more frequent during certain ages?

3. Do pregnant black …

Cytomegalovirus And Child Day Care, Stuart P. Adler , M.D.

Internal Medicine Publications

Abstract

To determine whether day-care workers acquire cytomegalovirus infection from the children they care for, we studied 610 women employed at 34 day-care centers over two years.

Forty-one percent of the caretakers were seropositive for cytomegalovirus. After adjustment for the effects of race, marital status, and age on seropositivity, the women who cared for children younger than two years of age had a significantly higher seropositivity rate (46 percent) than the women who cared for children older than two years of age (35 percent) (relative risk, 1.29; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.57; P<0.02).

Of 202 initially seronegative caretakers …

Pharmacokinetics Of Gentamicin In Neonates On Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation., W. Michael Southgate, Joseph T. Dipiro, Alex F. Robertson

Publications from the Office of the Dean

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used in more than 1,000 infants in 50 centers in the United States. The extracorporeal circuit contains approximately 400 ml of blood, an amount exceeding the blood volume of most full-term neonates. The effect of this additional blood volume on drug disposition is unknown. In this study, we determined the pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin in 10 infants on ECMO. Gentamicin concentrations were determined by a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from these concentrations by using a two-compartment model. Our study demonstrated a mean steady-state volume of distribution of 0.51 +/- 0.11 liters/kg, …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 66, No. 2, 1989)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 66, No. 1, 1989)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 66, No. 3, 1989)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Direct Measurement Of Translingual Epithelial Nacl And Kcl Currents During The Chorda Tympani Taste Response, G. L. Heck, K. C. Persaud, J. A. Desimone

Physiology and Biophysics Publications and Presentations

ABSTRACT

We have measured the NaCI or KCI currents under voltage clamp across the dorsal lingual epithelium of the rat and simultaneously the response of the taste nerves. Under short-circuit conditions a NaCI stimulus evoked an inward current (first current) that coincided with excitation of the chorda tympani. This was followed by a slower inward current (second current) that matched the kinetics of taste nerve adaptation. The peak first current and the coincident neural response satisfied the same saturating NaCI concentration dependence. Both first and second currents were partially blocked by amiloride as were the phasic and tonic components of …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 66, No. 4, 1989)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Sensory Regression Time From Subarachnoid Block With Hyperbaric 0.75% Bupivacaine In The Obese Patient, George Leslie Hilton

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if obese patients have a different sensory regression time from subarachnoid block than non-obese patients using hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine. A quasi-experimental design was used. Twenty patients were separated into two groups; one group was classified as obese, and the other group was classified as non-obese. The data consisting of age, height, weight, sex, and surgical procedure were recorded preoperatively. All the patients received hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine via subarachnoid puncture. The levels of spinal anesthesia were recorded at the highest level achieved. The injection time was also recorded. When the surgery was completed, …

Efficiency Of The Thermal Jacket On The Delivered Temperature Of Prewarmed Crystalloid Intravenous Fluid, Danny R. Bowen

Theses and Dissertations

A quasi-experimental research design was used to determine the relationship between the flow rate and the delivered temperature of prewarmed crystalloid intravenous solutions when using the Thermal Jacket™, an insulation device designed for intravenous fluid bags, as compared to a conventional blood warming apparatus. One control and three experimental groups were used.

Fluids in Group 1 (control group), Group 2, and Group 4 were prewarmed in a microwave oven to 41.45 ± 1.05 ° C. Fluids in Group 3 were left near ambient room temperature and measured at 22.05 ± 0.45 ° C. Fluids in the control group were infused …

Immunomodulators In Senescent Mice, Kevin R. Mccormick

Theses and Dissertations

The suppression of the immune response in senescent animals, including humans, is not complete and may be ameliorated by specific interventions. Previous studies have suggested that the replacement of thymus factors lost with age may rejuvenate senescent immune function. Similarly, exogenous growth hormone has been reported to improve senescent immune function in certain mammals. Other studies with the immunomodulator PSK claim to restore tumor-induced immunosuppression even in aged mice. This project investigated the abilities of thymus supernatant, ovine growth hormone, and PSK to rejuvenate different

parameters of the senescent immune response.

In the first series of experiments, erythroid depleted bone …

Age-Related Differences In The Movement Patterns Of Adolescents 11, 14, And 17 Years Of Age Rising To Standing From Supine On A Bed, Jeanne O'Neil Mccoy

Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) if movement patterns (MP5) described for young adults rising from bed depict adolescents' MP5, 2) if there are age-related differences in MP5 adolescents use to perform this task, 3) most common MP combinations (MCMPCs) of each age group, and 4) if individuals are likely to progress through proposed sequences in the same order.

Sixty 11-, 14-, or 17-year-olds were videotaped during 10 trials of rising. MP5 demonstrated in each of four body regions were classified, and MP frequencies and MCMPCs were determined.

One new "near" arm MP was observed. Age-related MP …

Modeling The Determinants Of Hospital Mortality, Abdolmohsin S. Al-Haider

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined hospital characteristics that affected the differential in hospital mortality, while controlling for the effect of community attributes. Analytical models for the determinants of hospital mortality were formulated and validated through an empirical examination of 243 hospitals that had higher or lower mortality rates than expected for Medicare beneficiaries. The dependent variable for this study was death rates for 1984 Medicare patients in united states hospitals released in 1986 by the Health Care Financing Administration.

Structural equation models that portray the causal relation between organizational constructs and hospital mortality rate were formulated. This causal model was empirically validated. …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 65, No. 3, 1988)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.