Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Comparison Of The Maximal Torque Production Of The Quadriceps Muscle During Morning And Afternoon Strength Assessment, Michael Rexin

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study is to compare maximal quadriceps peak torque production in isokinetic strength assessment in the morning and the afternoon. Thn1y male subjects between the ages of21 and 43 volunteered for this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to either an early morning group (7:30 AM to 9 AM) or an afternoon group (2:30 PM to 5 PM). Each subject performed six maximal concentric isokinetic contractions with the quadriceps muscles after a warm up and an initial familiarization session. Data analysis was done using a t-test for paired samples and Pearson's correlation The results showed a .90 …

Electromyographic And Motion Analysis Of The Trunk And Pelvis During The Golf Swing, James A. Vranna

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the trunk muscle activity and range of motion in male and female golfers. With the use of surface electrode electromyography and motion analysis, three male and three female Division II collegiate golfers were evaluated. The EMG activity of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and external oblique muscles was measured bilaterally during the golf swing. The main emphasis in analyzing the trunk range of motion was comparing relative pelvis to shoulder rotation (X-factor) throughout the swing. The researchers found definitive differences in the patterns of muscle activity and range of motion …

A Comparison Of The Maximal Torque Production Of The Quadriceps Muscle During Morning And Afternoon Strength Assessment, Denise Willardsen

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare maximal quadriceps torque production in morning hours (AM) to maximal quadriceps torque production in afternoon hours (PM). Thirty healthy male subjects between the ages of 19 and 45 were tested during an AM and a PM session on the Kin-Com dynamometer. A trial of six concentric isokinetic contractions of the right quadriceps were tested at a speed of 60° Is. The maximal peak torque measurements were compared between the AM and the PM sessions to establish the accuracy of results taken at differing times of the day. No significant difference in strength …

Electromyographic And Motion Analysis Of The Trunk And Pelvis During The Golf Swing, Christopher Lugibihl

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the trunk muscle activity and range of motion in male and female golfers. With the use of surface electrode electromyography and motion analysis, three male and three female Division II collegiate golfers were evaluated. The EMG activity of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and external oblique muscles was measured bilaterally during the golf swing. The main emphasis in analyzing the trunk range of motion was comparing relative pelvis to shoulder rotation (X-factor) throughout the swing. The researchers found definitive differences in the patterns of muscle activity and range of motion …

Electromyographic And Kinematic Analysis Of Hockey Skating, Tylan P. Schmidt

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

There is a paucity of controlled studies concerning the off-season dryland training of hockey players. PURPOSE: To evaluate muscle activity and joint motion of the trunk and hip of hockey players skating on a hockey treadmill. METHODS: Seven male subjects, ages 18 to 21 years, were tested skating at 8 Mph on 0 percent and 30 percent grades on the treadmill. Electromyographical (EMG) data was collected from the following muscles: Rectus femoris, biceps femoris, adductor longus, gluteus maximus, rectus abdominus, and erector spinae. Motion analysis equipment was used to simultaneously collect kinematic data. RESULTS: There was an overall increase in …

Electromyographic And Kinematic Analysis Of Hockey Skating, Reese Williams

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

There is a paucity of controlled studies concerning the off-season dryland training of hockey players.

PURPOSE: To evaluate muscle activity and joint motion of the trunk and hip of hockey players skating on a hockey treadmill.

METHODS: Seven male subjects, ages 18 to 21 years, were tested skating at 8 Mph on 0 percent and 30 percent grades on the treadmill. Electromyographical (EMG) data was collected from the following muscles: Rectus femoris, biceps femoris, adductor longus, gluteus maximus, rectus abdominus, and erector spinae. Motion analysis equipment was used simultaneously.

RESULTS: There was an overall increase in the activity of the …

An Electromyographic Study Of The Effects Of Plyometric Training Shoes On The Lower Extremity, Susan Buckley

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: P1yometric shoes have recently been introduced as an effective training tool to enhance several aspect of an athlete's ability, including vertical jump. The SkyF1ex@ system utilizes p1yomteric training shoes in conjuction with p1yometric exercises and drills to achieve maximum athletic performance. There is currently limited research to validate the manufacturer's claims of increasing vertical jump. The purpose of this study is twofold: l)To describe muscle activity during walking and jumping while wearing traditional athletic shoes and p1yometric training shoes. 2)To measure the vertical jump of subjects trained with p1yometric training shoes and a control group of subjects …

An Electromyographic Study Of The Effects Of Plyometric Training Shoes On The Lower Extremity, Myles Haugen

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Plyometric shoes have recently been introduced as an effective training tool to enhance several aspect of an athlete's ability, including vertical jump. The SkyFlex® system utilizes plyomteric training shoes in conjuction with plyometric exercises and drills to achieve maximum athletic performance. There is currently limited research to validate the manufacturer's claims of increasing vertical jump. The purpose of this study is twofold: l)To describe muscle activity during walking and jumping while wearing traditional athletic shoes and plyometric training shoes. 2)To measure the vertical jump of subjects trained with plyometric training shoes and a control group of subjects …

Plyometrics: A Look At The Biomechanical Basis Of Its Use In The Realm Of Sports Performance Enhancement And Physical Rehabilitation, Sara C. Fetsch

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Plyometrics is a rather new and somewhat foreign concept that is becoming more popular in athletic training programs in the hopes of providing optimal gains in power, which is difficult to obtain by other means of exercise. With its increasing acceptance in the athletic environment, it is also being incorporated into rehabilitation programs as a means of providing strength and proprioceptive feedback.

Little is currently known about the principles that govern the use of plyometrics and the efficacy that has been demonstrated with this training method. The purpose of this independent study is to analyze the basic concepts underlying plyometrics …

A Comparison Study Of Strength Training Outcomes Between Progressive Resistive Training And Regressive Resistive Training, Carrie Brossart

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in strength training outcomes between the progressive resistive program and the regressive resistive program. The subjects consisted of 14 students at the University of North Dakota. They were randomly assigned to either the progressive or regressive group and performed their respective training two times per week for five weeks. Each subject was tested prior to beginning the program and after finishing the program. These pretest and posttest values were compared to determine strength gains. A paired samples t-test was used to determine that each group had significant …

The Physiological And Biomechanical Causes Of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness And Subsequent Methods Of Intervention, Jonathan Stevens

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is a common problem affecting many people with active lifestyles - from teenagers all the way to ,the elderly. DOMS is soreness arising from strenuous activity, and peaking in intensity 24-48 hours after the cessation of the activity. DOMS is commonly seen in the clinic and can often hinder a patient's progress in therapy.

, It is well documented in the literature that eccentric exercises promote an increase in the frequency and intensity of DOMS, however, research regarding the metabolic and structural changes of the affected muscles and subsequent effective preventative and treatment strategies are …

A Review Of Periodization Of Strength And Its Clinical Implications To Physical Therapy, John Andrew

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Currently no literature or studies in the physical therapy profession explore the use of periodization of strength principles. Therefore, the purpose of this independent study will be to perform a literature review of periodization of strength and how these training concepts are applicable to physical therapy.

Periodization is a strengthening technique which varies the training stimulus so that continuous gains in strength are accrued. The general progression of training is from low intensity and high volume to high intensity and low volume. To achieve these changes in intensity and volume the number of sets, repetitions, and load is periodically changed. …

An Electromyographic And Video Motion Analysis Study Of Elite Sprinters At Varying Speeds And Inclines, Erica Fretland

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold 1) to describe muscle activity and joint motion while running on a treadmill at different speeds and inclines and 2) to examine whether or not running on a treadmill at high speeds and on an inline causes particular muscles to work harder or the sprinter to change their running technique to accommodate the increased workload.

Subjects and Methods: EMG and motion analysis data was collected from six subjects while they were running on a treadmill, first at twenty miles per hour at zero percent grade and then at thirteen miles …

An Electromyographic Study Of Back And Lower Extremity Muscle Activity During A Traditional Squat And The Plyo Press Leg Press, Heidi C. Ivesdal

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Strength training is a primary factor in athletics and rehabilitation. Lower extremity strength training has traditionally consisted of free weights, biomechanically designed weight machines, or plyometrics. The Plyo Press is a new machine that is currently being utilized in the Frappier Acceleration Program for athletes. It is specifically designed for lower extremity strength training in combination with plyometrics. The principle behind its design is to build strength in the most effective way to enhance speed and dynamic activity without the stress to the low back or legs that is present with the use of free weights.

Because the Plyo Press …

The Effect Of Interset Rest Period Length On Quadriceps Muscle Recovery In Strength Training, Jesse J. Wosick

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Lower extremity strength training is one of the skills performed by physical therapists. The purpose of this experiment was to measure the percent of recovery of the quadriceps muscles after specified interset rest period lengths to obtain the optimal interset rest period length between sets in strength training.

Twelve male and twelve female healthy subjects were divided into three equal groups of eight (four males, four females). The subjects performed two sets of six repetitions of unilateral isokinetic knee extension with their dominant lower extremity on the Chattanooga KIN-COM Dynamometer. One, two, or three minute interset rest period lengths were …

An Electromyographic Study Of Back And Lower Extremity Muscle Activity During Plyopress Exercises, A Squat Lift, And A Vertical Jump, Melissa K. James

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The ongoing research in the evolution of athlete training continues to reveal new principles and training designs which strive to heighten athletic performance and maximize athletic ability. One example of the application of such research is the Plyo Press machine, a patented device used in the Frappier Acceleration Program for athletes. This device was specifically designed to combine strength training with plyometrics to enhance speed and dynamic muscle activity without the excessive low back stress of traditional training methods.

As the Plyo Press has been recently designed and incorporated into training programs, no research has yet been conducted on the …

The History And Evolution Of Stretching, Jennifer Roberts

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Virtually every athlete engages in some form of stretching before beginning a training routine or competitive event. Stretching is an integral component of endless physical therapy treatment programs for muscle strains, ligament sprains, fibromyalgia protocols, and joint replacements to name a few. However, the physiological effect of stretching and the best method for producing the desired outcome is often questioned by coaches, athletes, and therapists.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of static stretching and ballistic stretching individually and in conjunction with modalities. Muscle physiology, the benefits of flexibility, and the psychological and physiological effects of …

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Bryan L. Guthmiller

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Delayed-onset muscular soreness (DOMS), the sensation of pain and stiffness in the muscles that occurs from 1-5 days following unaccustomed exercise, can adversely affect muscle performance, both from voluntary reduction of effort and from inherent loss of capacity of the muscles to produce force. This exercise-induced muscle damage causes a response that can be characterized by a cascade of metabolic events. Increased circulating neutrophils and interleukin-1 occurs within 24 hours after the exercise, with skeletal muscle levels remaining elevated for a much longer time. Several theories underlying the physiological mechanisms of DOMS have been proposed. The majority of evidence contradicts …

Resistance Training In Children, Debra L. Cutner

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Strength training in the child and adolescent has been a controversial topic for quite a few years. Current research has changed the thoughts of many professionals regarding strength gains or the possibility of strength gains in the prepubertal and adolescent age groups. Part of the controversy lies with the fact that some believe it is not safe for a child to do resistance training as it may cause various injuries such as musculoskeletal sprains and strains and epiphyseal fractures.

A review of the literature indicates that strength gains can occur in prepubertal children and that training with weights can be …

Comparison Of Strength Testing Of The Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle Using The Kendall And Mccreary Method Vs. The Daniels And Worthingham Method, Jodi R.W. Boettner

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Manual muscle testing is an integral part of the physical therapy evaluation. There are two methods of testing muscle strength, these being the Kendall and McCreary (KM) method and the Daniels and Worthingham (DW) method. The purpose of this study was to compare the force produced in each of these methods when testing the tensor fasciae latae muscle. Thirty healthy subjects ranging in age from 23 to 40 years participated in this study. The Dynatron II Dynamometer was used to measure force in pounds for each method. Each subject performed one trial and one test for each method for a …

A Two-Method Comparison Of Muscle Testing The Serratus Anterior: Daniels And Worthingham Vs. Kendall And Mccreary, Arlene J. Johnson Proulx

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of force produced by the left serratus anterior muscle when using two methods of muscle testing. Thirty subjects (5 men, 25 women) participated in this study. A manual muscle test was performed with each subject properly positioned for testing a good to normal muscle grade using the Daniels and Worthingham and Kendall and McCreary methods of muscle testing. A practice test of each method was performed and a rest period of one and a half minutes was allowed between tests. A hand-held dynamometer, the Dynatron II, measured objective data. Strength …

A Comparison Of Concentric And Eccentric Resistance Training On Muscle Hypertrophy, Mark A. Romanick

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

This study was undertaken to determine whether concentric or eccentric muscle action was more likely to induce muscle hypertrophy when exposed to a prolonged heavy resistance exercise program. Fifteen males and 14 females who were not currently or recently involved in a heavy resistance training program for the lower extremities were selected for the study. One group (n = 10) exercised in a concentric fashion, another group (n = 9) exercised in an eccentric fashion, and a third group (n = 10) served as a control group, performing no resistive exercise. The exercising subjects performed three sets of 10 repetitions …

Plyometrics, Cynthia K. Flom

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Plyometrics are a form of exercises in which an isometric-type overload, using the myotatic (stretch) reflex, is produced by means of an eccentric (lengthening) contraction, with the muscle being fully stretched immediately preceding the concentric (shortening) contraction. How fast the muscle switches from an eccentric to a concentric contraction will determine the athlete's power. The goal behind plyometric exercise is to train the nervous system to react with maximum speed to the lengthening of muscle and to develop the muscle's ability to shorten rapidly with maximal force. Plyometrics are first found in the literature in 1966 containing the work done …