Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Optimizing Cdes And Chws For Kentucky’S Rural Diabetes Belt Counties, Frances J. Feltner

Center of Excellence in Rural Health Presentations

CDC scientists have identified a diabetes belt located mostly in the southern portion of the United States. This diabetes belt consists of 644 counties in 15 states. Sixty-eight (68) of Kentucky’s 120 counties are in this diabetes belt, which requires that ≥ 11% of adults aged ≥ 20 have been diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes.

Certified Diabetes Educators (CDEs) are a major resource for health campaigns to prevent type diabetes, delay its onset, and to lessen its serious negative health outcomes. Unfortunately Kentucky has only 257 publicly listed CDEs and becoming a CDE is a long and arduous process. …

Family And Personal Adjustment Of Economically Disadvantaged Chinese Adolescents In Hong Kong, Daniel T. L. Shek, Pik Fong Tsui

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This study attempted to examine the relationship between poverty and adolescent developmental outcomes in the family and personal domains in 3,328 Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong. Developmental outcomes included positive youth development constructs, problem behaviors, perceived family interaction, and parental parenting. Results showed that adolescents experiencing poverty did not differ from nonpoor adolescents in terms of risk behavior and in most indicators of positive youth development. On the other hand, adolescents with economic disadvantage displayed lower levels of positive identity, family interaction, and perceived paternal parenting than did those without economic disadvantage.

Subjective Outcome Evaluation Of The Project P.A.T.H.S. In Different Cohorts Of Students, Daniel T. L. Shek, Cecilia M. S. Ma

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The project P.A.T.H.S. is an indigenously developed positive youth development program in Hong Kong. In the extension phase (2009/2010 school year), subjective outcome evaluation data were collected from 231 schools involving 89,068 participants after completion of the curricula-based Tier 1 Program. With schools as the units of analysis, results showed that participants generally had positive perceptions of the program content and implementers, with over four-fifth of the participants regarded the program as helpful to them. There were some significant grade differences in the subjective outcome evaluation findings, although the related effect size was not strong. Multiple regression analyses revealed that …

Student Classroom Misbehavior: An Exploratory Study Based On Teachers' Perceptions, Rachel C. F. Sun, Daniel T. L. Shek

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This study aimed to examine the conceptions of junior secondary school student misbehaviors in classroom, and to identify the most common, disruptive, and unacceptable student problem behaviors from teachers' perspective. Twelve individual interviews with teachers were conducted. A list of 17 student problem behaviors was generated. Results showed that the most common and disruptive problem behavior was talking out of turn, followed by nonattentiveness, daydreaming, and idleness. The most unacceptable problem behavior was disrespecting teachers in terms of disobedience and rudeness, followed by talking out of turn and verbal aggression. The findings revealed that teachers perceived student problem behaviors as …

Classroom Misbehavior In The Eyes Of Students: A Qualitative Study, Rachel C. F. Sun, Daniel T. L. Shek

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Using individual interviews, this study investigated perceptions of classroom misbehaviors among secondary school students in Hong Kong (N = 18). Nineteen categories of classroom misbehaviors were identified, with talking out of turn, disrespecting teacher, and doing something in private being most frequently mentioned. Findings revealed that students tended to perceive misbehaviors as those actions inappropriate in the classroom settings and even disrupting teachers' teaching and other students' learning. Among various misbehaviors, talking out of turn and disrespecting teacher were seen as the most disruptive and unacceptable. These misbehaviors were unacceptable because they disturbed teaching and learning, and violated the values …

Postlecture Evaluation Of A Positive Youth Development Subject For University Students In Hong Kong, Daniel T. L. Shek

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the postlecture evaluation by the students taking a course (Tomorrow's Leaders) that attempted to promote their leadership qualities and intrapersonal competencies at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Hong Kong. Except for the last lecture, students were invited to respond to a 12-item postlecture questionnaire after each lecture. Results showed that the students had positive perceptions of the subject, class, and teacher attributes, and they had positive global evaluation of the teacher and the subject. The postlecture evaluation questionnaire was found to possess good psychometric properties. Multiple regression analyses showed that subject, …

Modeling Of Pharmacokinetics Of Cocaine In Human Reveals The Feasibility For Development Of Enzyme Therapies For Drugs Of Abuse, Fang Zheng, Chang-Guo Zhan

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

A promising strategy for drug abuse treatment is to accelerate the drug metabolism by administration of a drug-metabolizing enzyme. The question is how effectively an enzyme can actually prevent the drug from entering brain and producing physiological effects. In the present study, we have developed a pharmacokinetic model through a combined use of in vitro kinetic parameters and positron emission tomography data in human to examine the effects of a cocaine-metabolizing enzyme in plasma on the time course of cocaine in plasma and brain of human. Without an exogenous enzyme, cocaine half-lives in both brain and plasma are almost linearly …

Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Association And Distribution Of A 5 Nm Ceria Engineered Nanomaterial, Mo Dan, Michael T. Tseng, Peng Wu, Jason M. Unrine, Eric A. Grulke, Robert A. Yokel

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: Ceria engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have current commercial applications and both neuroprotective and toxic effects. Our hypothesis is that ceria ENMs can associate with brain capillary cells and/or cross the blood-brain barrier.

METHODS: An aqueous dispersion of ∼5 nm ceria ENM was synthesized and characterized in house. Its uptake space in the Sprague Dawley rat brain was determined using the in situ brain perfusion technique at 15 and 20 mL/minute flow rates; 30, 100, and 500 μg/mL ceria perfused for 120 seconds at 20 mL/minute; and 30 μg/mL perfused for 20, 60, and 120 seconds at 20 mL/minute. The capillary …

Development Of One-Step Taqman® Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Pcr And Conventional Reverse Transcription-Pcr Assays For The Detection Of Equine Rhinitis A And B Viruses, Zhengchun Lu, Peter J. Timoney, Jena White, Udeni B R Balasuriya

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Equine rhinitis viruses A and B (ERAV and ERBV) are common equine respiratory viruses belonging to the family Picornaviridae. Sero-surveillance studies have shown that these two viral infections are prevalent in many countries. Currently, the diagnosis of ERAV and ERBV infections in horses is mainly based on virus isolation (VI). However, the sensitivity of VI testing varies between laboratories due to inefficient viral growth in cell culture and lack of cytopathic effect. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop molecular diagnostic assays (real-time RT-PCR [rRT-PCR] and conventional RT-PCR [cRT-PCR] assays) to detect and distinguish ERAV from ERBV …

Early Stage Drug Treatment That Normalizes Proinflammatory Cytokine Production Attenuates Synaptic Dysfunction In A Mouse Model That Exhibits Age-Dependent Progression Of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology, Adam D. Bachstetter, Christopher M. Norris, Pradoldej Sompol, Donna M. Wilcock, Danielle Goulding, Janna H. Neltner, Daret St. Clair, D. Martin Watterson, Linda J. Van Eldik

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS has been implicated as a key contributor to pathophysiology progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and extensive studies with animal models have shown that selective suppression of excessive glial proinflammatory cytokines can improve neurologic outcomes. The prior art, therefore, raises the logical postulation that intervention with drugs targeting dysregulated glial proinflammatory cytokine production might be effective disease-modifying therapeutics if used in the appropriate biological time window. To test the hypothesis that early stage intervention with such drugs might be therapeutically beneficial, we examined the impact of intervention with MW01-2-151SRM (MW-151), an experimental therapeutic that …

Making The Case For Public Health: Estimating Roi And Value, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

This presentation describes recent progress and new directions for estimating the value of public health strategies and infrastructure.

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Used To Exclude Penile Fracture, Adam Ash, Joel Miller, David Preston

Surgery Faculty Publications

This is a case report of a superficial penile hematoma that was difficult to distinguish clinically from a penile fracture. Such cases occur with relative frequency, and because definitive treatment is an urgent surgery, timely diagnosis is essential to avoid complications. Typical imaging modalities such as cavernosonography and magnetic resonance imaging can be invasive (cavernosonography) or time consuming (magnetic resonance imaging) and may not be readily available. Ultrasound has been used successfully in such cases, and, in this case, we used point-of-care ultrasound combined with a brief period of observation to exclude penile fracture.

Editorial Comment: Keeneland Conference Plenary Sessions: Thomas R. Frieden, Julia Costich

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

No abstract provided.

Keeneland Conference Plenary Sessions: Thomas R. Frieden, Thomas R. Frieden

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

One of the leading challenges in public health today is moving forward as one whether we are part of academia, a clinical health setting, or a public health department, in order to improve health outcomes. Right now in the United States, the leading causes of death are caused from diseases that are preventable. We also face a steady rise in health inequalities among those citizens with a lower socioeconomic status. Director of the CDC, Thomas Friedan addressed the Keeneland conference audience on the impact that public health initiatives have had on the health of our nation. Public health interventions have …

Editorial Comment: Keeneland Conference Plenary Sessions: Richard J. Umbdenstock, Part 2, Glen Mays

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

No abstract provided.

Editorial Comment: Keeneland Conference Plenary Sessions: Richard J. Umbdenstock, Part 1, Glen Mays

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

No abstract provided.

Keeneland Conference Plenary Sessions: Richard J. Umbdenstock, Richard J. Umbdenstock

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Historically individual and community health problems fed off one another, nonetheless the connection eventually became clear and individual health and population health solutions started to emerge and built off one another. Somewhere along the line, population health and patient health seemed to become divided by a brighter line into 2 separate realms, few of us crossing from one to the otherToday we are looking out for the good of our respective communities. As hospitals move from volume-based payments to value-based payments, they are more concerned about the connection between population health and their own efforts to improve outcomes, care coordination …

Editorial Comment: Keeneland Conference Plenary Sessions: Carol Moehrle, F. Douglas Scutchfield

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

No abstract provided.

Keeneland Conferene Plenary Sessions: Carol Moehrle, Carol Moehrle

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Public health accreditation is the measurement of health department performance against a set of standards that are nationally recognized. The Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) is a non-profit, voluntary accreditation organization founded in 2007 with the goal to advance public health practice by providing a national framework of accreditation standards for local, state, territorial, and tribal health departments. Public health accreditation has been a methodical, planned transformation of public health. There are huge benefits to accreditation individually and collectively as a system. One of them is reaching the standard of excellence that we now have established in this national voluntary …

Editorial Comment: Keeneland Conference Plenary Sessions: Harvey V. Fineberg, Glen Mays

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

No abstract provided.

Keeneland Conference Plenary Sessions: Harvey V. Fineberg, Harvey V. Fineberg

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Healthy communities are essential for healthy individuals. Healthy communities can only exist when preventive measures are taken. When prevention programs are implemented, negative health outcomes can be avoided before they even start. A necessary part of these successful prevention methods requires great research and evidence based practice. Dr. Harvey Fineberg, president of the Institute of Medicine and keynote speaker at the Keeneland Conference, addressed the audience on why good science is imperative to the public health community. It cannot just left up to chance on whether an intervention will work or not; rather it needs to be thoroughly reasoned, grounded …

Editorial Comment: The Makings Of An Evidence-Based Local Health Department: Identifying Administrative And Management Practices, Christopher M. Maylahn

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

No abstract provided.

The Makings Of An Evidence-Based Local Health Department: Identifying Administrative And Management Practices, Peg Allen, Ross C. Brownson, Kathleen Duggan, Katherine A. Stamatakis, Paul C. Erwin

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

There is a gap in knowledge about how to best organize and administer practice in local health departments to implement sustained evidence-based policies, programs, and interventions. This report identifies administrative and management evidence-based practices to inform ongoing initiatives in local public health system quality improvement, accreditation processes, and performance. The article presents administrative elements in workforce development, leadership, organizational climate and culture, relationships and partnerships, and financial processes that local health departments can address at modest cost within a few years or less. Local public health systems can further identify, implement and evaluate evidence-based administrative practices.

Narrowing The Know-Do Gap In Public Health, Glen Mays

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Like other components of the American health system, public health all too often fails to deploy the strategies that research and experience have shown to be effective in improving population health. These failures, collectively known as the “know-do” gap, occur for many reasons.

2012 Kentucky Healthcare Market Report, Alison Davis

Community and Economic Development Initiative of Kentucky Reports

No abstract provided.

Emmet F. Horine And Transylvania’S Special Collections, Charles T. Ambrose

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Towards Omni-Tomography -- Grand Fusion Of Multiple Modalities For Simultaneous Interior Tomography, Ge Wang, Jie Zhang, Hao Gao, Victor Weir, Hengyong Yu, Wenxiang Cong, Xiaochen Xu, Haiou Shen, James Bennett, Mark Furth, Yue Wang, Michael Vannier

Radiology Faculty Publications

We recently elevated interior tomography from its origin in computed tomography (CT) to a general tomographic principle, and proved its validity for other tomographic modalities including SPECT, MRI, and others. Here we propose "omni-tomography", a novel concept for the grand fusion of multiple tomographic modalities for simultaneous data acquisition in a region of interest (ROI). Omni-tomography can be instrumental when physiological processes under investigation are multi-dimensional, multi-scale, multi-temporal and multi-parametric. Both preclinical and clinical studies now depend on in vivo tomography, often requiring separate evaluations by different imaging modalities. Over the past decade, two approaches have been used for multimodality …

Localization And Functional Characterization Of The Rat Oatp4c1 Transporter In An In Vitro Cell System And Rat Tissues, Kuei-Ling Kuo, Haining Zhu, Patrick J. Mcnamara, Markos Leggas

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The organic anion transporting polypeptide 4c1 (Oatp4c1) was previously identified as a novel uptake transporter predominantly expressed at the basolateral membrane in the rat kidney proximal tubules. Its functional role was suggested to be a vectorial transport partner of an apically-expressed efflux transporter for the efficient translocation of physiological substrates into urine, some of which were suggested to be uremic toxins. However, our in vitro studies with MDCKII cells showed that upon transfection rat Oatp4c1 polarizes to the apical membrane. In this report, we validated the trafficking and function of Oatp4c1 in polarized cell systems as well as its subcellular …

Quantifying The Value Of Public Health Investments, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

This session reviews recent findings from a series of studies that estimate the health and economic effects attributable to investments in public health services and delivery systems.

Mice Deficient In Gem Gtpase Show Abnormal Glucose Homeostasis Due To Defects In Beta-Cell Calcium Handling, Jenny E. Gunton, Mary Sisavanh, Rebecca A. Stokes, Jon Satin, Leslie S. Satin, Min Zhang, Sue M. Liu, Weikang Cai, Kim Cheng, Gregory J. Cooney, D. Ross Laybutt, Trina So, Juan-Carlos Molero, Shane T. Grey, Douglas A. Andres, Michael S. Rolph, Charles R. Mackay

Physiology Faculty Publications

AIMS AND HYPOTHESIS: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from beta-cells is a tightly regulated process that requires calcium flux to trigger exocytosis of insulin-containing vesicles. Regulation of calcium handling in beta-cells remains incompletely understood. Gem, a member of the RGK (Rad/Gem/Kir) family regulates calcium channel handling in other cell types, and Gem over-expression inhibits insulin release in insulin-secreting Min6 cells. The aim of this study was to explore the role of Gem in insulin secretion. We hypothesised that Gem may regulate insulin secretion and thus affect glucose tolerance in vivo.

METHODS: Gem-deficient mice were generated and their metabolic phenotype characterised by in …