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Articles 4231 - 4260 of 8643

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

The Impact Of The Nurse Practitioner In Pre-Admission Testing: A Comparative Review, Laurel A. Robinson Jan 2018

The Impact Of The Nurse Practitioner In Pre-Admission Testing: A Comparative Review, Laurel A. Robinson

DNP Projects

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of pre-admission testing (PAT) surgical clinic pre and post implementation of the APRN for patient assessment. Cancellation and delay occurrences for scheduled surgeries will be compared during two time periods on patients on the surgical schedule at Norton Women and Children’s Hospital (NWC).

METHODS: This study was a single-center, pre and post implementation retrospective comparative study of the impact of the NP led PAT unit at Norton Women and Children’s Hospital (NWC) in terms of delay and cancellation rates for day-of-surgery. The sample consisted of 411 patients for …


Risk For Depression In Coronary Heart Disease Patients Meriting Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Screening; Feasibility Of Nurse-Led Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among Patients With Depressive Symptoms, Joy L. Coles Jan 2018

Risk For Depression In Coronary Heart Disease Patients Meriting Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Screening; Feasibility Of Nurse-Led Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among Patients With Depressive Symptoms, Joy L. Coles

DNP Projects

PURPOSE: The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to implement depression screening with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) who have undergone a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) and demonstrate the feasibility of a nurse-led Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) intervention.

METHODS: A non-experimental pre-test and post-test design was completed to screen for depression among patients post CABG in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (CVICU) at a University Hospital using the PHQ-9. A sample of 21 patients were identified and selected from a convenience sample by pulling every eligible record from …


Diabetes-Related Distress Screening: A Survey Of Primary Care Providers' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices In Treating Patients With Difficulty Meeting Glycemic Goals., Michele Patrice Paxton Jan 2018

Diabetes-Related Distress Screening: A Survey Of Primary Care Providers' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices In Treating Patients With Difficulty Meeting Glycemic Goals., Michele Patrice Paxton

DNP Projects

A patient with diabetes is two to three times more likely to be depressed than the general population. Furthermore, the combination of diabetes and depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, research has shown that treatment for depression does not correlate with lower HbA1c levels or a decrease in morbidity and mortality. Recently, a body of evidence has shown that increased HbA1c levels and depression are associated with the emotional burden of managing diabetes. The emotional burden is caused by the constant behavioral and mental demands of managing the disease and the worry and fear of the impending …


Methods To Improve Interprofessional Collaboration In Administrative Dyads, Julie Lee Hudson Jan 2018

Methods To Improve Interprofessional Collaboration In Administrative Dyads, Julie Lee Hudson

DNP Projects

Abstract

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this project was to determine if specific interventions, to include education, rounding, and regular meetings, improved collaboration and communication for nurse/physician dyads working in acute care hospital administrative roles.

METHODS: The study employed a prospective pre-test and post-test comparison of participants’ scores on a validated survey tool. This tool (JeffSATIC) measured perception of collaboration between nurses and physicians. The objective was to evaluate the differences in these scores in participants before and after an intervention.

RESULTS: This study sought to discover if specific interventions impacted scores on a tool measuring collaboration among dyad pairs. …


Design, Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Inhibitors Against Both Human And Mouse Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 Enzymes, Kai Ding Jan 2018

Design, Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Inhibitors Against Both Human And Mouse Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 Enzymes, Kai Ding

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

As the principal pro-inflammatory prostanoid, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) serves as mediator of pain and fever in inflammatory reactions. The biosynthesis of PGE2 starts from arachidonic acid (AA). Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and/or COX-2 converts AA to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), and PGE2 synthases transform PGH2 to PGE2. Current mainstream approach for treating inflammation-related symptoms remains the application of traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) and selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs). As both categories shut down the biosynthesis of all downstream prostanoids, their application renders several deleterious effects including gastrointestinalulceration and cardiovascular risk. Microsomal prostaglandin …


A Breast Prosthesis Infection Update: Two-Year Incidence, Risk Factors And Management At Single Institution, Ashley Nadia Boustany, Shady Elmaraghi, Nneamaka Agochukwu, Benjamin Cloyd, Adam J. Dugan, Brian Rinker Jan 2018

A Breast Prosthesis Infection Update: Two-Year Incidence, Risk Factors And Management At Single Institution, Ashley Nadia Boustany, Shady Elmaraghi, Nneamaka Agochukwu, Benjamin Cloyd, Adam J. Dugan, Brian Rinker

Surgery Faculty Publications

Background: Infection following augmentation and prosthetic-based breast reconstruction can cause significant physical and psychological distress for patients. It may delay adjuvant therapies and compromise aesthetic outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify modifiable risk factors for infection and identify common bacterial isolates to achieve optimal outcomes for patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed for patients undergoing implant-based breast reconstruction over a 2-year period. In each case, we documented demographics, co-morbidities, complications and antibiotic use. We reviewed treatments, infectious species cultured where applicable and all outcomes.

Results: A total of 292 patients met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-five …


Design And Analysis Of Curcumin Conjugated Poly(Beta-Amino Ester) Networks For Controlled Release In Oxidative Stress Environments, Carolyn T. Jordan Jan 2018

Design And Analysis Of Curcumin Conjugated Poly(Beta-Amino Ester) Networks For Controlled Release In Oxidative Stress Environments, Carolyn T. Jordan

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Oxidative stress, the imbalance of free radical generation with antioxidant defenses, leads to cellular inflammation, apoptosis and cell death. This compromised environment results in debilitating diseases, such as oral mucositis (OM), atherosclerosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Antioxidant therapeutics has been a proposed strategy to ameliorate these imbalances and maintain homeostatic environments. However, the success of these approaches, specifically curcumin, has been limited due to characteristics such as hydrophobicity and high reactivity when released as bolus doses to contest to oxidative stress induced diseases. The development of a controlled release system to aid in protection of the antioxidant capacity of curcumin, as …


The Development Of Microfluidic Devices For The Production Of Safe And Effective Non-Viral Gene Delivery Vectors, Jason Matthew Absher Jan 2018

The Development Of Microfluidic Devices For The Production Of Safe And Effective Non-Viral Gene Delivery Vectors, Jason Matthew Absher

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Including inherited genetic diseases, like lipoprotein lipase deficiency, and acquired diseases, such as cancer and HIV, gene therapy has the potential to treat or cure afflicted people by driving an affected cell to produce a therapeutic protein. Using primarily viral vectors, gene therapies are involved in a number of ongoing clinical trials and have already been approved by multiple international regulatory drug administrations for several diseases. However, viral vectors suffer from serious disadvantages including poor transduction of many cell types, immunogenicity, direct tissue toxicity and lack of targetability. Non-viral polymeric gene delivery vectors (polyplexes) provide an alternative solution but are …


Discovery Of Natural Product Analogs Against Ethanol-Induced Cytotoxicity In Hippocampal Slice Cultures, Meredith A. Saunders-Mattingly Jan 2018

Discovery Of Natural Product Analogs Against Ethanol-Induced Cytotoxicity In Hippocampal Slice Cultures, Meredith A. Saunders-Mattingly

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

An estimated 13.9% of Americans currently meet criteria for an alcohol (ethanol; EtOH) use disorder (AUD). While there are 4 medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat AUD, these treatments have demonstrated poor clinical efficacy. Our ongoing research program encompasses a multi-tiered screening of a natural product library and validation process to provide novel information about the mechanisms underlying EtOH-induced changes in neurobiology and to identify novel chemical scaffolds to be exploited in the development of pharmacological treatments for AUD in a rodent organotypic hippocampal slice culture model. Initial screens of several natural product compounds identified …


Attentional Bias To Alcohol In An In Vivo Setting, Ramey G. Monem Jan 2018

Attentional Bias To Alcohol In An In Vivo Setting, Ramey G. Monem

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

The phenomenon of attentional bias to alcohol, where drinkers demonstrate a preference in allocating visual attention towards alcohol-related stimuli rather than neutral stimuli, is well-established. Studies detecting this phenomenon typically utilize computer-administered stimulus presentation tasks such as the visual dot probe task. Despite their frequency of use, these tasks do not represent the ways in which individuals typically encounter alcohol outside of the laboratory. Typical environments where alcohol is present allow individuals to move about freely and encounter alcohol while also being exposed to many other stimuli. This dissertation sought to implement a novel approach to assessing attentional bias in …


Attitudes, Practices, And Knowledge About Human Lactation Among Nursing Students, Ana Maria Linares, Angeline Do Nascimento Parente, Caroline Coleman Jan 2018

Attitudes, Practices, And Knowledge About Human Lactation Among Nursing Students, Ana Maria Linares, Angeline Do Nascimento Parente, Caroline Coleman

Nursing Faculty Publications

Nurses are on the front line of the healthcare system and should, therefore, have the evidence-based knowledge to manage breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to assess the attitudes and knowledge about human lactation among a group of nursing students. An anonymous online survey was sent to all College of Nursing students at a local university in Kentucky. Nursing students participating in the survey favored breastfeeding over formula feeding for infants. Lack of knowledge and various misconceptions about breastfeeding were reported. Whether a nursing student has or has not completed a class about human lactation during the nursing program, …


Discovery Of Novel, Orally Bioavailable, Antileishmanial Compounds Using Phenotypic Screening, Diana Ortiz, W. Armand Guiguemde, Jared T. Hammill, Angela K. Carrillo, Yizhe Chen, Michele Connelly, Kayla Stalheim, Carolyn Elya, Alex Johnson, Jaeki Min, Anang Shelat, David C. Smithson, Lei Yang, Fangyi Zhu, R. Kiplin Guy, Scott M. Landfear Dec 2017

Discovery Of Novel, Orally Bioavailable, Antileishmanial Compounds Using Phenotypic Screening, Diana Ortiz, W. Armand Guiguemde, Jared T. Hammill, Angela K. Carrillo, Yizhe Chen, Michele Connelly, Kayla Stalheim, Carolyn Elya, Alex Johnson, Jaeki Min, Anang Shelat, David C. Smithson, Lei Yang, Fangyi Zhu, R. Kiplin Guy, Scott M. Landfear

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection that afflicts approximately 12 million people worldwide. There are several limitations to the approved drug therapies for leishmaniasis, including moderate to severe toxicity, growing drug resistance, and the need for extended dosing. Moreover, miltefosine is currently the only orally available drug therapy for this infection. We addressed the pressing need for new therapies by pursuing a two-step phenotypic screen to discover novel, potent, and orally bioavailable antileishmanials. First, we conducted a high-throughput screen (HTS) of roughly 600,000 small molecules for growth inhibition against the promastigote form of the parasite life cycle using the nucleic acid …


Computer-Aided Drug Design Of Capuramycin Analogues As Anti-Tuberculosis Antibiotics By 3d-Qsar And Molecular Docking, Yuanyuan Jin, Shuai Fan, Guangxin Lv, Haoyi Meng, Zhengyang Sun, Wei Jiang, Steven G. Van Lanen, Zhaoyong Yang Dec 2017

Computer-Aided Drug Design Of Capuramycin Analogues As Anti-Tuberculosis Antibiotics By 3d-Qsar And Molecular Docking, Yuanyuan Jin, Shuai Fan, Guangxin Lv, Haoyi Meng, Zhengyang Sun, Wei Jiang, Steven G. Van Lanen, Zhaoyong Yang

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Capuramycin and a few semisynthetic derivatives have shown potential as anti-tuberculosis antibiotics.To understand their mechanism of action and structureactivity relationships a 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies were performed. A set of 52 capuramycin derivatives for the training set and 13 for the validation set was used. A highly predictive MFA model was obtained with crossvalidated q2 of 0.398, and non-cross validated partial least-squares (PLS) analysis showed a conventional r2 of 0.976 and r2pred of 0.839. The model has an excellent predictive ability. Combining the 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies, a number of new capuramycin analogs with …


Ovarian Cancer Screening: Lessons About Effectiveness, Edward J. Pavlik Dec 2017

Ovarian Cancer Screening: Lessons About Effectiveness, Edward J. Pavlik

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors In Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Single Institution Experience With Review Of Literature, Aman Chauhan, Millicent Horn, Gray Magee, Kurt Hodges, B. Mark Evers, Susanne Arnold, Lowell B. Anthony Dec 2017

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors In Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Single Institution Experience With Review Of Literature, Aman Chauhan, Millicent Horn, Gray Magee, Kurt Hodges, B. Mark Evers, Susanne Arnold, Lowell B. Anthony

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

This unique case series and review of literature suggests that immune checkpoint inhibitors may have clinical activity in neuroendocrine tumors.

Objective: Summarize advances of immuno-oncology in neuroendocrine tumors with the help of a case series.

Design: Case series and review of literature.

Intervention or Exposure: The patients were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab or nivolumab).

Main Outcome(s) and Measures(s): Life expectancy, quality of life, disease progression.

Results: Maximum durable response of 16 months in one of the patients so far. All patients showed improvement in quality of life before disease progression. Two out of four are still on therapy. …


An Investigation Of Factors Predicting The Type Of Bladder Antimuscarinics Initiated In Medicare Nursing Homes Residents, Daniela C. Moga, Qishan Wu, Pratik Doshi, Amie J. Goodin Dec 2017

An Investigation Of Factors Predicting The Type Of Bladder Antimuscarinics Initiated In Medicare Nursing Homes Residents, Daniela C. Moga, Qishan Wu, Pratik Doshi, Amie J. Goodin

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Background: To examine factors predicting type of bladder antimuscarinics (BAM) initiated in nursing home (NH) residents.

Methods: Incident BAM initiators following NH admission were identified by constructing a retrospective cohort from Medicare files and Minimum Data Set (MDS). Participants included all residents 65 years and older admitted in Medicare-certified NH between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2008 who were prescribed BAM and had continuous Medicare (Part A, B, and D) enrollment. Patient characteristics, medications, and comorbidities were derived from Medicare enrollment and claims. NH characteristics and health status were derived from MDS assessments. The outcome was defined as type …


Nuclear Spindles Pave The Way To Metastasis, Patrick J. Hensley, Natasha Kyprianou Dec 2017

Nuclear Spindles Pave The Way To Metastasis, Patrick J. Hensley, Natasha Kyprianou

Urology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Tfpiα Interacts With Fva And Fxa To Inhibit Prothrombinase During The Initiation Of Coagulation, Jeremy P. Wood, Helle H. Petersen, Bingke Yu, Xiaoai Wu, Ida Hilden, Alan E. Mast Dec 2017

Tfpiα Interacts With Fva And Fxa To Inhibit Prothrombinase During The Initiation Of Coagulation, Jeremy P. Wood, Helle H. Petersen, Bingke Yu, Xiaoai Wu, Ida Hilden, Alan E. Mast

Gill Heart & Vascular Institute Faculty Publications

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor α (TFPIα) inhibits prothrombinase, the thrombin-generating complex of factor Xa (FXa) and factor Va (FVa), during the initiation of coagulation. This inhibition requires binding of a conserved basic region within TFPIα to a conserved acidic region in FXa-activated and platelet-released FVa. In this study, the contribution of interactions between TFPIα and the FXa active site and FVa heavy chain to prothrombinase inhibition were examined to further define the inhibitory biochemistry. Removal of FXa active site binding by mutation or by deletion of the second Kunitz domain (K2) of TFPIα produced 17- or 34-fold weaker prothrombinase inhibition, …


Cdc Grand Rounds: National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als) Registry Impact, Challenges, And Future Directions, Paul Mehta, D. Kevin Horton, Edward J. Kasarskis, Ed Tessaro, M. Shira Eisenberg, Susan Laird, John Iskander Dec 2017

Cdc Grand Rounds: National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als) Registry Impact, Challenges, And Future Directions, Paul Mehta, D. Kevin Horton, Edward J. Kasarskis, Ed Tessaro, M. Shira Eisenberg, Susan Laird, John Iskander

Neurology Faculty Publications

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a rapidly progressive fatal neurologic disease. Currently, there is no cure for ALS and the available treatments only extend life by an average of a few months. The majority of ALS patients die within 2–5 years of diagnosis, though survival time varies depending on disease progression (1,2). For approximately 10% of patients, ALS is familial, meaning it and has a genetic component; the remaining 90% have sporadic ALS, where etiology is unknown, but might be linked to environmental factors such as chemical exposures (e.g., heavy …


Acute Resistance Exercise Induces Sestrin2 Phosphorylation And P62 Dephosphorylation In Human Skeletal Muscle, Nina Zeng, Randall F. D'Souza, Vandre C. Figueiredo, James F. Markworth, Llion A. Roberts, Jonathan M. Peake, Cameron J. Mitchell, David Cameron-Smith Dec 2017

Acute Resistance Exercise Induces Sestrin2 Phosphorylation And P62 Dephosphorylation In Human Skeletal Muscle, Nina Zeng, Randall F. D'Souza, Vandre C. Figueiredo, James F. Markworth, Llion A. Roberts, Jonathan M. Peake, Cameron J. Mitchell, David Cameron-Smith

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

Sestrins (1, 2, 3) are a family of stress-inducible proteins capable of attenuating oxidative stress, regulating metabolism, and stimulating autophagy. Sequestosome1 (p62) is also a stress-inducible multifunctional protein acting as a signaling hub for oxidative stress and selective autophagy. It is unclear whether Sestrin and p62Ser403 are regulated acutely or chronically by resistance exercise (RE) or training (RT) in human skeletal muscle. Therefore, the acute and chronic effects of RE on Sestrin and p62 in human skeletal muscle were examined through two studies. In Study 1, nine active men (22.1 ± 2.2 years) performed a bout of single-leg strength …


Development And Validation Of Nomograms Predictive Of Overall And Progression-Free Survival In Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer, Carol Fakhry, Qiang Zhang, Phuc Felix Nguyen-Tân, David I. Rosenthal, Randal S. Weber, Louise Lambert, Andy M. Trotti Iii, William L. Barrett, Wade L. Thorstad, Christopher U. Jones, Sue S. Yom, Stuart J. Wong, John A. Ridge, Shyam S. D. Rao, James A. Bonner, Eric Vigneault, David Raben, Mahesh R. Kudrimoti, Jonathan Harris, Quynh-Thu Le, Maura L. Gillison Dec 2017

Development And Validation Of Nomograms Predictive Of Overall And Progression-Free Survival In Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer, Carol Fakhry, Qiang Zhang, Phuc Felix Nguyen-Tân, David I. Rosenthal, Randal S. Weber, Louise Lambert, Andy M. Trotti Iii, William L. Barrett, Wade L. Thorstad, Christopher U. Jones, Sue S. Yom, Stuart J. Wong, John A. Ridge, Shyam S. D. Rao, James A. Bonner, Eric Vigneault, David Raben, Mahesh R. Kudrimoti, Jonathan Harris, Quynh-Thu Le, Maura L. Gillison

Radiation Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose

Treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is evolving toward risk-based modification of therapeutic intensity, which requires patient-specific estimates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Methods

To develop and validate nomograms for OS and PFS, we used a derivation cohort of 493 patients with OPSCC with known p16 tumor status (surrogate of human papillomavirus) and cigarette smoking history (pack-years) randomly assigned to clinical trials using platinum-based chemoradiotherapy (NRG Oncology Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG] 0129 and 0522). Nomograms were created from Cox models and internally validated by use of bootstrap and cross-validation. Model discrimination was measured by …


Snail Determines The Therapeutic Response To Mtor Kinase Inhibitors By Transcriptional Repression Of 4e-Bp1, Jun Wang, Qing Ye, Yanan Cao, Yubin Guo, Xiuping Huang, Wenting Mi, Side Liu, Chi Wang, Hsin-Sheng Yang, Binhua P. Zhou, B. Mark Evers, Qing-Bai She Dec 2017

Snail Determines The Therapeutic Response To Mtor Kinase Inhibitors By Transcriptional Repression Of 4e-Bp1, Jun Wang, Qing Ye, Yanan Cao, Yubin Guo, Xiuping Huang, Wenting Mi, Side Liu, Chi Wang, Hsin-Sheng Yang, Binhua P. Zhou, B. Mark Evers, Qing-Bai She

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Loss of 4E-BP1 expression has been linked to cancer progression and resistance to mTOR inhibitors, but the mechanism underlying 4E-BP1 downregulation in tumors remains unclear. Here we identify Snail as a strong transcriptional repressor of 4E-BP1. We find that 4E-BP1 expression inversely correlates with Snail level in cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. Snail binds to three E-boxes present in the human 4E-BP1 promoter to repress transcription of 4E-BP1. Ectopic expression of Snail in cancer cell lines lacking Snail profoundly represses 4E-BP1 expression, promotes cap-dependent translation in polysomes, and reduces the anti-proliferative effect of mTOR kinase inhibitors. Conversely, genetic …


Evaluation Of A Field-Deployable Reverse Transcription-Insulated Isothermal Pcr For Rapid And Sensitive On-Site Detection Of Zika Virus, Mariano Carossino, Yanqiu Li, Pei-Yu A. Lee, Chuan-Fu Tsai, Pin-Hsing Chou, Dennis Williams, Ashley Skillman, R. Frank Cook, Grayson Brown, Hsiao-Fen G. Chang, Hwa-Tang T. Wang, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya Dec 2017

Evaluation Of A Field-Deployable Reverse Transcription-Insulated Isothermal Pcr For Rapid And Sensitive On-Site Detection Of Zika Virus, Mariano Carossino, Yanqiu Li, Pei-Yu A. Lee, Chuan-Fu Tsai, Pin-Hsing Chou, Dennis Williams, Ashley Skillman, R. Frank Cook, Grayson Brown, Hsiao-Fen G. Chang, Hwa-Tang T. Wang, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Background: The recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil and its precipitous expansion throughout the Americas has highlighted the urgent need for a rapid and reliable on-site diagnostic assay suitable for viral detection. Such point-of-need (PON), low-cost diagnostics are essential for ZIKV control in vulnerable areas with limited resources.

Methods: We developed and evaluated a ZIKV-specific field-deployable RT-iiPCR reagent set targeting the E gene for rapid detection of ZIKV in ZIKV-spiked human and mosquito specimens, and compared its performance to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) RT-qPCR assays targeting the E …


Comparison Between Listeria Sensu Stricto And Listeria Sensu Lato Strains Identifies Novel Determinants Involved In Infection, Jakob Schardt, Grant Jones, Stefanie Müller-Herbst, Kristina Schauer, Sarah E. F. D'Orazio, Thilo M. Fuchs Dec 2017

Comparison Between Listeria Sensu Stricto And Listeria Sensu Lato Strains Identifies Novel Determinants Involved In Infection, Jakob Schardt, Grant Jones, Stefanie Müller-Herbst, Kristina Schauer, Sarah E. F. D'Orazio, Thilo M. Fuchs

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The human pathogen L. monocytogenes and the animal pathogen L. ivanovii, together with four other species isolated from symptom-free animals, form the "Listeria sensu stricto" clade. The members of the second clade, "Listeria sensu lato", are believed to be solely environmental bacteria without the ability to colonize mammalian hosts. To identify novel determinants that contribute to infection by L. monocytogenes, the causative agent of the foodborne disease listeriosis, we performed a genome comparison of the two clades and found 151 candidate genes that are conserved in the Listeria sensu stricto species. Two factors were …


The Role Of Catalytic Residue PKA On The Hydrolysis/Transglycosylation Partition In Family 3 Β-Glucosidases, Inacrist Geronimo, Christina M. Payne, Mats Sandgren Dec 2017

The Role Of Catalytic Residue PKA On The Hydrolysis/Transglycosylation Partition In Family 3 Β-Glucosidases, Inacrist Geronimo, Christina M. Payne, Mats Sandgren

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

β-Glucosidases (βgls) primarily catalyze the hydrolysis of the terminal glycosidic bond at the non-reducing end of β-glucosides, although glycosidic bond synthesis (called transglycosylation) can also occur in the presence of another acceptor. In the final reaction step, the glucose product or another substrate competes with water for transfer to the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The factors governing the balance between the two pathways are not fully known; however, the involvement of ionizable residues in binding and catalysis suggests that their pKa may play a role. Through constant pH molecular dynamics simulations of a glycoside hydrolase Family 3 (GH3) βgl, we …


Metabolic Dysregulation And Cancer Mortality In A National Cohort Of Blacks And Whites, Tomi Akinyemiju, Justin Xavier Moore, Suzanne Judd, Susan Lakoski, Michael Goodman, Monika M. Safford, Maria Pisu Dec 2017

Metabolic Dysregulation And Cancer Mortality In A National Cohort Of Blacks And Whites, Tomi Akinyemiju, Justin Xavier Moore, Suzanne Judd, Susan Lakoski, Michael Goodman, Monika M. Safford, Maria Pisu

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: We examined the association between metabolic dysregulation and cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of Black and White adults.

Methods: A total of 25,038 Black and White adults were included in the analysis. Metabolic dysregulation was defined in two ways: 1) using the joint harmonized criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 2) based on factor analysis of 15 variables characterizing metabolic dysregulation. We estimated hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of MetS and metabolic dysregulation with cancer mortality during follow-up using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: About 46% of Black and 39% of White …


Type 2 Neural Progenitor Cell Activation Drives Reactive Neurogenesis After Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure In Adolescent Male Rats, Chelsea Rhea Geil Nickell, Hui Peng, Dayna M. Hayes, Kevin Y. Chen, Justin A. Mcclain, Kimberly Nixon Dec 2017

Type 2 Neural Progenitor Cell Activation Drives Reactive Neurogenesis After Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure In Adolescent Male Rats, Chelsea Rhea Geil Nickell, Hui Peng, Dayna M. Hayes, Kevin Y. Chen, Justin A. Mcclain, Kimberly Nixon

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Excessive alcohol consumption during adolescence remains a significant health concern as alcohol drinking during adolescence increases the likelihood of an alcohol use disorder in adulthood by fourfold. Binge drinking in adolescence is a particular problem as binge-pattern consumption is the biggest predictor of neurodegeneration from alcohol and adolescents are particularly susceptible to the damaging effects of alcohol. The adolescent hippocampus, in particular, is highly susceptible to alcohol-induced structural and functional effects, including volume and neuron loss. However, hippocampal structure and function may recover with abstinence and, like in adults, a reactive burst in hippocampal neurogenesis in abstinence may contribute to …


Fluoroethoxy-1,4-Diphenethylpiperidine And Piperazine Derivatives: Potent And Selective Inhibitors Of [3H]Dopamine Uptake At The Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2, Emily R. Hankosky, Shyam R. Joolakanti, Justin R. Nickell, Venumadhav Janganati, Linda P. Dwoskin, Peter A. Crooks Dec 2017

Fluoroethoxy-1,4-Diphenethylpiperidine And Piperazine Derivatives: Potent And Selective Inhibitors Of [3H]Dopamine Uptake At The Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2, Emily R. Hankosky, Shyam R. Joolakanti, Justin R. Nickell, Venumadhav Janganati, Linda P. Dwoskin, Peter A. Crooks

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

A small library of fluoroethoxy-1,4-diphenethyl piperidine and fluoroethoxy-1,4-diphenethyl piperazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit [3H]dopamine (DA) uptake at the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter (DAT), [3H]serotonin (5-HT) uptake at the serotonin transporter (SERT), and [3H]dofetilide binding at the human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel. The majority of the compounds exhibited potent inhibition of [3H]DA uptake at VMAT2, with Ki values in the nanomolar range (Ki = 0.014–0.073 μM). Compound 15d exhibited the highest affinity (Ki = 0.014 μM) at VMAT2, and had 160-, 5-, …


Serum Amyloid A3 Is A High Density Lipoprotein-Associated Acute-Phase Protein, Lisa R. Tannock, Maria C. De Beer, Ailing Ji, Preetha Shridas, Victoria P. Noffsinger, Laura Den Hartigh, Alan Chait, Frederick C. De Beer, Nancy R. Webb Dec 2017

Serum Amyloid A3 Is A High Density Lipoprotein-Associated Acute-Phase Protein, Lisa R. Tannock, Maria C. De Beer, Ailing Ji, Preetha Shridas, Victoria P. Noffsinger, Laura Den Hartigh, Alan Chait, Frederick C. De Beer, Nancy R. Webb

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a family of acute-phase reactants. Plasma levels of human SAA1/SAA2 (mouse SAA1.1/2.1) can increase ≥ 1,000-fold during an acute-phase response. Mice, but not humans, express a third relatively understudied SAA isoform, SAA3. We investigated whether mouse SAA3 is an HDL-associated acute-phase SAA. Quantitative RT-PCR with isoform-specific primers indicated that SAA3 and SAA1.1/2.1 are induced similarly in livers (∼2,500-fold vs. ∼6,000-fold, respectively) and fat (∼400-fold vs. ∼100-fold, respectively) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected mice. In situ hybridization demonstrated that all three SAAs are produced by hepatocytes. All three SAA isoforms were detected in plasma of LPS-injected mice, although …


An In-Depth Look At Stall Contamination: A Total Of 28 Substances Were Identified In Charles Town Ship-In Stalls As A Mix Of Human Medications And Recreational Substances With Some Actual Equine Medications, Clara Fenger, Maria Catignani, Jake Machin, Thomas Tobin Dec 2017

An In-Depth Look At Stall Contamination: A Total Of 28 Substances Were Identified In Charles Town Ship-In Stalls As A Mix Of Human Medications And Recreational Substances With Some Actual Equine Medications, Clara Fenger, Maria Catignani, Jake Machin, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.