Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Health Care Practitioners’ Self-Reported Knowledge, Skill Level, And Confidence In Evaluating And Treating Lymphedema And Lymphatic Dysfunctions With Individuals Who Are Pregnant Or Post-Partum, Gem Johnson, Shelley Dicecco, Ria Lewis-Strange, Diana Mehrez

Research Day

The management of lymphedema during pregnancy presents a complex clinical challenge driven by significant physiological shifts, including a 40–50% increase in plasma volume and mechanical obstruction by the gravid uterus. However, current practice relies precariously on oncology-centric models that fail to address these unique hemodynamic demands due to a critical lack of evidence-based guidance. The aim of this study was to investigate the self-reported knowledge, skill levels, and confidence of international health care practitioners regarding the evaluation and treatment of lymphedema in the pregnant and post-partum population.

A mixed-methods international survey was distributed to lymphedema practitioners worldwide in 10 languages …

Recognizing Extrapelvic Disease: A Case Of Umbilical Endometriosis Diagnosed At Laparoscopy, Caroline R. Kebberly, Audrey Arona

Research Day

Background: Extrapelvic endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue located outside the pelvic cavity and beyond the gynecologic organs. Its true prevalence remains difficult to establish due to limited epidemiologic data, under recognition and frequent diagnostic delay. Umbilical endometriosis represents approximately 30–40% of abdominal wall endometriosis cases and accounts for an estimated 0.5–1.0% of all reported endometriosis diagnoses. Clinical suspicion is typically based on symptomatology, as patients often present with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility.

Objective: We present a case of umbilical endometriosis, also known as Villar’s nodule, identified during diagnostic laparoscopy performed for suspected pelvic …

The Potential Role Of A Western Diet In Inducing Anxiety Disorder Via Inflammation, Erek N. Arsiniega, Kimberly J. Baker

Research Day

Anxiety disorder is a prevalent mental health condition that affects many individuals in American and other Western societies. Despite its high prevalence, the underlying mechanisms contributing to anxiety disorder remain largely not known, and there are research gaps in this area. Notably, there is an increased pattern of anxiety levels among the general population, with college students being particularly susceptible. Concurrently, there is a growing body of evidence looking into the heightened prevalence of chronic inflammation among individuals in the United States. This rise in chronic inflammation can be attributed, in part, to the dietary practices commonly observed in Western …

Socially Driven Ai Interactions And Youth Mental Health: A Review Of Benefits, Risks, And Research Gaps, Chloe Pak, Celeste Pak, Jasdeep Singh, Ravi Yarid

Research Day

Introduction: The rapidly increasing use of AI driven social interactions in the daily lives of adolescents has called into question the effects of these experiences on youth mental health. The advent of AI technologies like chatbots and social companions has provided easily accessible outlets for younger populations to engage in conversations surrounding sensitive topics and to receive emotional support and advice.

Objective: This primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of AI driven social interactions on adolescent mental health and to investigate the potential benefits, risks, and gaps in literature surrounding AI social technology.

Methods: A systematic …

Acute Salpingitis Presenting As Small Bowel Obstruction, Hayden E. Evans, Nasir L. Abbasi, Audrey Arona

Research Day

Introduction: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is most commonly caused by postoperative adhesions, hernias, or malignancy. While adhesions typically arise from prior abdominal surgeries, gynecologic inflammatory conditions represent a rare but important etiology. Salpingitis, a manifestation of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), can lead to pelvic adhesions but is an uncommon cause of mechanical SBO. Recognition of gynecologic sources of SBO is important for proper management and timely surgical intervention. We present a case of acute salpingitis resulting in adhesive band formation between the fallopian tube and the sigmoid colon, leading to mechanical SBO requiring operative management.

Case Presentation: We report the …

From Remodeling To Risk: Cadaveric Evidence Of Cranial Paget’S Disease Of Bone & Neurovascular Implications, Madeleine Gedgoudas, Amaz Ali, Hamna Ali, Atharva Athalye, Benjamin Maggard, Adeshewa Olaiya, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Introduction: Paget disease of bone (PBD) is a metabolic bone remodeling disorder that alters the architecture of multiple bones throughout the body. The disorder affects the axial skeleton at a higher rate and progresses in three phases: osteoclastic activity, osteoblastic activity, and late inactive phase activity. PBD is a slow progression of abnormal bone remodeling where an increase in bone turnover will replace normal lamellar bone with weaker woven bone. We present a case study of Paget’s disease with an enlarged skull. An enlarged skull structure can lead to headaches, hearing impairment due to cranial nerve deficits, ischemic stroke from …

Anatomical And Clinical Relevance Of Quintuple Coronary Artery Bypass, Rohan Patel, Mackwan Sringam, Atharva Athayle, Ethan Cook, Gavin Scott, Rishab Prakash, Jordan Pullins, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and is an indication for bypass treatment. In most cases, a double, triple, or quadruple bypass grafting surgery is performed to resolve obstructed arteries. The arteries most commonly obstructed are the right coronary (RCA), left circumflex (LCA), and left anterior descending artery (LAD). Additionally, the arteries commonly used to create the bypass graft include the internal thoracic arteries and the great saphenous vein. Quintuple bypass grafting is rare, as five revascularizations, including revascularization of small vessels, are required in order to reroute blood flow around the extensive obstruction of …

Abnormal Attachment Of The Psoas Major Fibers: A Cadaveric Case Report, Su-Ting (Sandy) Lin, Travis Gabbidon, Mehak Sahney, Rishab Prakash, Aleyna Chung, Diana Petrucello

Research Day

Introduction

Anatomical variations of the psoas major are uncommon but may be clinically significant due to their potential relationship with nearby neurovascular structures. Variations in the morphology of the psoas major may have implications for surgical procedures or nerve entrapment syndromes.

Methods

This case report is based on an abnormal splitting of the psoas muscle noted during a routine cadaveric dissection of a 79-year-old female. Pictures were taken to document the abnormality.

Results

The right psoas major had an accessory muscle body that inserted onto the iliacus rather than the lesser trochanter of the femur, which is the typical insertion …

Epigenetics Programming Of T2dm Risk In The South Asian Community And Its Implications For Clinical Practice, Arpita Harapanahalli, Shalini Patibandla, Francis Jenney

Research Day

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) occurs at disproportionately higher rates among South Asian populations compared with other ethnic groups, posing significant challenges for disease risk and clinical management. South Asians are also predisposed to central adiposity, demonstrating greater visceral fat accumulation even at lower body mass index levels, which contributes to increased insulin resistance. From a clinical perspective, understanding these genetic and epigenetic influences is incredibly important for improving prevention and adapting care for South Asian communities.

Objectives: This review aims to examine current evidence on epigenetic mechanisms contributing to T2DM risk in South Asian communities and its implications …

Targeting Dysbiosis: Rebyota As A Novel Strategy For Recurrent Cdi Prevention, Christina Cologer, Mishel Alvarez, Sia Christine, Brooklyn Myers, Kaytlin Pal, Katrina Strand, Vicky Mody, Shashidharamurthy Taval

Research Day

Clostridioides difficile is a bacterium that colonizes a patient's gastrointestinal tract after the use of systemic antibiotics. This infection, also called CDI, causes severe diarrhea and can be life-threatening. In some patients, CDI recurs, creating a dangerous cycle. Recurrent CDI (rCDI) persists because systemic antibiotics induce dysbiosis, disrupting the gut microbiota’s metabolic functions and compromising the intestinal epithelial barrier. This study was conducted as a literature review evaluating the safety, efficacy, mechanism of action, and clinical use of Rebyota in preventing rCDI. Rebyota is the first FDA-approved (2023) live biotherapeutic designed to restore eubiosis in adult patients after antibiotic treatment. …

Fluctuating Epidemiology Of Poliovirus In Conflict-Affected Regions: Comparative Trends In Wild-Type And Vaccine-Derived Cases Following Vaccination Campaigns, Rama Khawaldeh, Bryanna Bhakta, Shafik Habal

Research Day

Background

Poliomyelitis is a contagious enteroviral disease caused by poliovirus, which affects the central nervous system and causes irreversible paralysis. Two distinct forms of poliovirus exist today: wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), the naturally occurring virus associated with epidemics, and vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2), which arises when the weakened strain in the oral polio vaccine mutates and regains virulence in under-immunized communities. Since the start of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988, global incidence of WPV1 has declined due to widespread vaccination campaigns. However, sporadic cVDPV continues to occur, more often in conflict-affected regions where population displacement …

Critical Analysis Of Psychiatric Medications, And Their Effects On Patients With Post-Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome(Pots), Joshua Lovelock, Michael Gibson, Fernando Izaguirre, Daniel Hong

Research Day

Background: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a form of autonomic dysfunction defined by an excessive increase in heart rate (>30bpm within 10 minutes) upon standing and symptoms such as lightheadedness, palpitations, and, in some cases, syncope. Because many POTS symptoms overlap with those of anxiety and depression, psychiatric medications are commonly considered, but there’s a risk they may affect the heart rate and blood pressure.

Objective: To summarize how common psychiatric medication classes may impact autonomic function in patients with POTS.

Methods: This project reviewed the autonomic effects of antidepressant classes (SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs) from peer reviewed articles. …

The Use Of Manual Therapy For Thoracic Spine Symptoms: A Scoping Review, Grace Wolf, Gabrielle Hoffman, Daniel W. Mackie, Scott Lowe

Research Day

Introduction/Background:

Manual Therapy, including Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM), Manual Physical Therapy, and chiropractic, is frequently applied to the thoracic spine; however, no published review examines the role of manual therapy in treating thoracic spine symptoms. Literature reviews indicate that much of the research focused on thoracic spine manual therapy is focused on outcomes for other body regions, in particular the cervical spine and upper extremities.

The purpose of this research is to determine what evidence exists to show the effect of manual therapy on musculoskeletal thoracic symptoms. Additionally, gaps in the research and directions for future inquiry will be identified. …

Anatomical And Clinical Relevance Of Hepatomegaly Alongside Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Of The Sigmoid Colon, Mackwan Sringam, Rohan Patel, Atharva Athalye, Rishab Prakash, Ethan Cook, Gavin Scott, Jordan Pullins, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer around the world, and is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The majority of these are adenocarcinomas, and one common issue of adenocarcinomas is metastasis to the liver. Generally, this is caused through the hepatic portal vein which drains venous blood into the liver.

Objective: The primary objective of this case study is to present the anatomical findings and clinical significance of hepatomegaly due to metastasis of adenocarcinoma in the sigmoid colon.

Methods: Routine dissection of the cadaver was performed during anatomy lab and then photos of the …

From Zebra Bite To The Operating Room: Discussion Of The Management Of Equine Bite Wounds, Kavya Suryadevara, Harshita Yepuri, Saad Rahman, Milo Paman, Gehrig Ornelas, L. Michael Waters Jr

Research Day

Animal bites, particularly those from cats and dogs, are well characterized in emergency and surgical care. Equine animal bites, however, are rare and may be underestimated in severity. The genus Equus includes animals such as horses, donkeys, and zebras, with members sharing similar dental and digestive anatomy as well as comparable musculoskeletal traits. These animals generate significant crushing forces, often causing deep soft-tissue injury, devitalization, and extensive contamination with complex oral flora. For surgeons, such wounds present challenges in assessment, irrigation, debridement, and closure, as well as antimicrobial selection to prevent infection. Despite potential severity, equine bite cases are infrequently …

Treatment Of Carotid Artery In-Stent Restenosis Using A Drug Eluting Balloon Combined With The Transcarotid Artery Revascularization Flow Reversal System, Harshita Yepuri, Saad Rahman, Ishaa Dubey, Daniel J. Badia

Research Day

Introduction

In-stent restenosis (ISR) after carotid artery stenting presents a unique challenge to the vascular surgeon. While carotid endarterectomy remains the gold standard for symptomatic carotid stenosis, this option is often difficult in the setting of ISR, as stent extraction may require arterial reconstruction or interposition bypass. Drug-coated balloon (DCB) technology has demonstrated success in treating ISR in the lower extremities by reducing neointimal hyperplasia through paclitaxel-mediated inhibition of smooth muscle proliferation. Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR; Silk Road) has gained popularity due to its favorable safety profile, short learning curve, and reliable neuroprotection via flow reversal, as demonstrated in the …

Uremic Striatopallidal Syndrome: A Rare Cause Of Hyperkinetic Movement Disorder In End-Stage Renal Disease, Cohen Chong, Esther Choi, Bhavi Purohit

Research Day

Introduction

Uremic striatopallidal syndrome (USPS) is a rare neurologic complication of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) characterized by bilateral basal ganglia dysfunction and hyperkinetic movement disorders, which may manifest as chorea, dystonia, or parkinsonian features. The underlying pathophysiology is not fully understood but is thought to involve metabolic derangements, uremic toxin accumulation, and disruption of basal ganglia function. Because its presentation can mimic medication-induced symptoms, primary neurodegenerative conditions, or other metabolic encephalopathies, USPS may be underrecognized and misdiagnosed, leading to delays in appropriate management.

Methods

A retrospective review of clinical findings, laboratory data, imaging studies, and hospital course was performed for …

Recurrent Seizure-Like Episodes Revealing Steroid-Responsive Encephalopathy Associated With Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Case Report, Cohen Chong, Esther Choi, Bhavi Purohit

Research Day

Introduction

Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), also known as Hashimoto encephalopathy, is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by encephalopathy, seizures, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric manifestations in the presence of elevated antithyroid antibodies. The estimated prevalence is approximately 2.1 per 100,000 individuals, and the condition remains underrecognized due to its highly variable clinical presentation. Neuroimaging is often normal, and electroencephalography typically demonstrates nonspecific abnormalities such as diffuse slowing. Additionally, thyroid antibody testing is not routinely included in the evaluation of seizure-like activity or unexplained encephalopathy, which may delay diagnosis. As a result, SREAT is often diagnosed only after extensive …

Anesthetic Management Of Pregnant Patients With Cardiac Disease: A Literature Review, Esther Choi, Cohen Chong, Audrey Arona

Research Day

Introduction:

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The number of pregnancies complicated by cardiac disease has increased due to improved survival among patients with congenital heart disease, delayed maternal age, and the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Furthermore, physiologic cardiovascular changes during pregnancy, such as increased cardiac output, expanded plasma volume, and decreased systemic vascular resistance, can exacerbate underlying cardiac pathology and create significant anesthetic challenges during labor and delivery. Appropriate anesthetic management is therefore essential to maintain hemodynamic stability and optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.

Methods:

A …

Direct Amygdala Projections To Auditory Cortex: An Anterograde Mapping Study, Munir Yusuf, William Michel, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Introduction:

The amygdala is part of the limbic system and determines the importance of sensory information. Although it is not considered part of the auditory system, it still sends direct connections to the auditory cortex. The role of this direct, anterograde amygdalo-auditory pathway is not fully understood.

Methods:

To study this connection, anterograde tracers were injected into the amygdala of adult rats to label axons that travel to the auditory cortex. The auditory cortex was then examined to determine where these fibers terminated and which types of neurons they contacted. In addition, a literature review was conducted to find previous …

Community Rx: The Abcs Of A Doctor’S Visit, A Bilingual Health Navigation Workshop For Underserved Communities, Sharon Lackwood, Marisela Benitez, Kayla Hasty, Ty’Tiaunna Thomas, Martin Medina, Matthew Shelnutt

Research Day

Introduction:

Limited health literacy remains a major contributor to healthcare disparities, particularly among rural, uninsured, migrant, and Spanish-speaking populations. Many individuals report anxiety and confusion about how to schedule appointments, complete paperwork, understand costs, and communicate effectively with physicians. To address this gap, Community Rx developed a bilingual, student-led workshop titled The ABCs of Your Doctor’s Visit, designed to demystify the healthcare encounter and improve patient confidence, appointment preparedness, and navigation skills. The curriculum aligns with broader Community Rx goals of empowering underserved populations while fostering empathy and professional identity development among osteopathic medical students

Methods:

This ongoing, community-engaged initiative …

Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Burden And Early Cardiovascular Disease Onset Among Asians: Insights From The Nih All Of Us Cohort And Georgia Oasis, Riya S. Patel, Anirudh Veludhandi, Thomas Last

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: Cardiometabolic risk factors including diabetes, obesity, and smoking are major contributors to cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the cumulative impact of multiple risk factors on age of onset across cardiovascular phenotypes remains incompletely defined. Cardiovascular risk patterns in Asian populations may differ from those in the general population, and the influence of cumulative cardiometabolic risk burden on early disease remains insufficiently characterized. Understanding how cardiometabolic risk burden influences early cardiovascular disease among Asians may help identify high-risk individuals and guide prevention strategies.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether increasing cardiometabolic risk factor burden is associated with earlier cardiovascular disease onset among Asians …

Histologic Heterogeneity In Bladder Neoplasia: Identification Of Coexisting Urothelial Dysplasia, Papillary Lesions Of Low Malignant Potential, And Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma, Maxwell Trettin, Yousra Abo-Elhamd, Aidan Huckestein, Byron Her, Xiunely Ricano Cadenas, Shiv Dhiman, Rasheed Agboola, Neveen Said

Research Day

BACKGROUND: Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) accounts for approximately 90% of bladder cancers with a male to female prevalence of 3:1. Established risk factors include exposure to tobacco smoking, and environmental and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines. Additional risk factors include air pollution, advanced age, and occupational exposure to carcinogens present in dyes, paints, petroleum products, and metals. UBC are recognized for their heterogeneous characteristics due to urothelial epithelium exhibiting diverse transcriptional and mutational profiles that evolve within the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, bladder cancers are often found to be multifocal, highlighting the importance of thorough examination of …

Small Bowel Obstruction In The Setting Of Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis: A Case Report, Zain Ismail, Amaan Ismail, Oscar Acosta, Rebecca Ann Gill

Research Day

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common surgical emergency that is the result of an incomplete or total blockage of the intestinal lumen, resulting in proximal dilation with contents and gas. Untreated SBO may result in vascular compromise leading to tissue ischemia, necrosis, or perforation. The most common causes of SBO include adhesions, hernias, malignancy and chronic inflammatory conditions. SBO can be further classified into patterns of single adhesive bands or matted adhesions. Work-up of SBO begins with CT imaging to visualize the extent of bowel obstruction followed by conservative management with bowel rest, IV fluids, and NG tube decompression. …

Isolated Unilateral Central Ray Deficiency In A Term Newborn: Distinguishing Symbrachydactyly From Amniotic Band Sequence, Mauricio Soto, Rachael Bonitatibus, Stephanie Suarez, Kevin Bhagratie, Anthony Adetomiwa

Research Day

Introduction

Congenital hand anomalies may arise from intrinsic malformations of limb development or extrinsic disruptive processes. Distinguishing symbrachydactyly—a failure-of-formation malformation—from amniotic band sequence (ABS)—a constrictive disruption—is essential, as pathogenesis, prognosis, and management differ substantially. Although both may present with absent digits, characteristic morphologic patterns allow reliable clinical differentiation. We present a term neonate with unilateral central hand deficiency to highlight key diagnostic features distinguishing these entities in the newborn period.

Methods

A retrospective descriptive case review was conducted of a term male neonate with an isolated upper extremity anomaly. Prenatal records, delivery documentation, newborn examination findings, and postnatal radiographic imaging …

Surgical Management Of An Unusually Large Uterine Leiomyoma With Cervical Dilation In A Reproductive-Age Woman, Oscar Acosta, Lisandra Chinea, Emily Kate Reagin, Neha R. Vangimalla, Daniel York

Research Day

Introduction: Uterine leiomyomas are common benign tumors, with a 70–80% prevalence among women of reproductive age. While many are asymptomatic, larger fibroids can cause pelvic pressure, abnormal bleeding, anemia, and organ compression. Rarely, leiomyomas prolapse through the cervical canal, causing complex distortions and surgical challenges. Management depends on symptoms, size, location, and reproductive goals. For women wishing to preserve fertility, myomectomy is preferred. This case report details the surgical management of a large prolapsing leiomyoma and highlights key intraoperative considerations treatment.

Methods: This study was conducted as a case report supplemented by a structured review of current scientific literature. Relevant …

Anatomical Variation Of Lateral And Medial Circumflex Femoral Arteries Identified During Cadaveric Dissection, Misha Ul-Islam, Nathan Sagasser, Danait W. Gebreselassie, Abigail Blank, Abeeha Choudhary, Jada Daniel, Christian Butler, Sofia Garcia, Emranul Huq

Research Day

Introduction: The common femoral artery (CFA) is the principal arterial supply to the lower limb and a critical landmark in surgical, orthopedic, and interventional procedures. Typically,  the CFA gives rise to the deep femoral artery (DFA) and continues distally as the superficial femoral artery (SFA). The lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) and medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) most commonly originate from the DFA. However, documented anatomical variations in the femoral arterial branching patterns underscore the importance of recognizing deviations that may influence clinical decision‑making.

Objective: This study describes two rare anatomical variations identified during routine cadaveric dissection in which three …

Feasibility Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation For Treatment-Resistant Depression In Rural Healthcare Settings: A Case Series, Posey Kent, Brandon Krout, Kennedy Johnson, Jodeci Mitchell, Hania Hashmi, Blessing Adeyemo, Ashlee Cook

Research Day

Introduction

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental health disorders world- wide, with up to one-third of patients experiencing treatment-resistant depression despite adequate pharmacologic therapy. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an FDA-approved, noninvasive treatment shown to improve depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant depression. However, access to advanced psychiatric interventions remains limited in rural communities due to provider shortages, transportation barriers, and socioeconomic challenges. Despite established efficacy in urban and academic settings, limited data exist on the feasibility and real-world outcomes of TMS implementation in rural healthcare settings. The purpose of this study is to highlight the feasibility …

Comparison Of Axillary Lymph Node Size In Cadavers With And Without A History Of Breast Cancer, Adam E. Davis, Harshita Yepuri, Julia Girgis, Sara Kurtovic, Celeste Pak, Erek Arsiniega, Jasdeep Singh, Michael B. Roberts, Shelley Dicecco

Research Day

Axillary lymph nodes play a critical role in breast cancer metastasis and staging. While imaging and surgical studies provide indirect assessments of nodal involvement, few investigations have directly compared lymph node size in breast cancer and non-cancer populations using cadaveric dissection. In this study, twenty-nine female cadavers, including eight with a history of breast cancer and twenty-one controls, were dissected to collect axillary lymph nodes from six anatomical chains: central, humeral, infraclavicular, parasternal, pectoral, and subscapular. Lymph node area (mm²) was measured, and statistical outliers (z ≥ 3) were excluded from analysis. Welch’s t-test was performed to compare overall lymph …

Glp-1 Receptor Agonists And Fertility. Metabolic And Direct Reproductive Mechanisms In Obesity-Related Infertility, Noor Alnourachi, Julie Al Mir, Audrey Arona

Research Day

Introduction

Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for reproductive dysfunction and is associated with anovulation and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women, as well as hypogonadism and impaired semen quality in men. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), originally developed for the management of diabetes and obesity, have demonstrated potential reproductive benefits that extend beyond weight reduction. GLP-1 receptors are distributed throughout key components of the reproductive axis, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, gonads, and endometrium, suggesting possible direct effects on reproductive tissues. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding the mechanisms and clinical outcomes through which GLP-1 RAs may enhance …