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Articles 1741 - 1770 of 2038

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Stability, Bifurcation And Chaos Analysis Of Vector-Borne Disease Model With Application To Rift Valley Fever, Sansao A. Pedro, Shirley Abelman, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Rosemary Sang, Henri E.Z. Tonnang Oct 2014

Stability, Bifurcation And Chaos Analysis Of Vector-Borne Disease Model With Application To Rift Valley Fever, Sansao A. Pedro, Shirley Abelman, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Rosemary Sang, Henri E.Z. Tonnang

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

This paper investigates a RVF epidemic model by qualitative analysis and numerical simulations. Qualitative analysis have been used to explore the stability dynamics of the equilibrium points while visualization techniques such as bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré maps, maxima return maps and largest Lyapunov exponents are numerically computed to confirm further complexity of these dynamics induced by the seasonal forcing on the mosquitoes oviposition rates. The obtained results show that ordinary differential equation models with external forcing can have rich dynamic behaviour, ranging from bifurcation to strange attractors which may explain the observed fluctuations found in RVF empiric outbreak data, as well …

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Pge(2) Ep(3) Receptor Downregulates Cox-2 Expression In The Medullary Thick Ascending Limb Induced By Hypertonic Nacl, Shoujin Hao, Alejandra Hernandez, Mariana Quiroz-Munoz, Carlos Cespedes, Carlos P. Vio, Nicholas R. Ferreri Sep 2014

Pge(2) Ep(3) Receptor Downregulates Cox-2 Expression In The Medullary Thick Ascending Limb Induced By Hypertonic Nacl, Shoujin Hao, Alejandra Hernandez, Mariana Quiroz-Munoz, Carlos Cespedes, Carlos P. Vio, Nicholas R. Ferreri

NYMC Faculty Publications

We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of EP3 receptors enhances cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in the thick ascending limb (TAL) induced by hypertonic stimuli. COX-2 protein expression in the outer medulla increased approximately twofold in mice given free access to 1% NaCl in the drinking water for 3 days. The increase was associated with an approximate threefold elevation in COX-2 mRNA accumulation and an increase in PGE2 production by isolated medullary (m)TAL tubules from 77.3 ± 8.4 to 165.7 ± 10.8 pg/mg protein. Moreover, administration of NS-398 abolished the increase in PGE2 production induced by 1% NaCl. EP3 receptor mRNA levels …

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A Systems Approach Identifies Co-Signaling Molecules Of Early Growth Response 1 Transcription Factor In Immobilization Stress, Nikolaos A. Papanikolaou, Andrej Tillinger, Xiaoping Liu, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Esther L. Sabban Sep 2014

A Systems Approach Identifies Co-Signaling Molecules Of Early Growth Response 1 Transcription Factor In Immobilization Stress, Nikolaos A. Papanikolaou, Andrej Tillinger, Xiaoping Liu, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Esther L. Sabban

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Adaptation to stress is critical for survival. The adrenal medulla, the major source of epinephrine, plays an important role in the development of the hyperadenergic state and increased risk for stress associated disorders, such as hypertension and myocardial infarction. The transcription factor Egr1 plays a central role in acute and repeated stress, however the complexity of the response suggests that other transcription factor pathways might be playing equally important roles during acute and repeated stress. Therefore, we sought to discover such factors by applying a systems approach. RESULTS: Using microarrays and network analysis we show here for the first …

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Chicken Fetal Liver Dna Damage And Adduct Formation By Activation-Dependent Dna-Reactive Carcinogens And Related Compounds Of Several Structural Classes, Gary M. Williams, Jian-Dong Duan, Klaus D. Brunnemann, Michael J. Iatropoulos, Esther Vock, Ulrich Deschl Sep 2014

Chicken Fetal Liver Dna Damage And Adduct Formation By Activation-Dependent Dna-Reactive Carcinogens And Related Compounds Of Several Structural Classes, Gary M. Williams, Jian-Dong Duan, Klaus D. Brunnemann, Michael J. Iatropoulos, Esther Vock, Ulrich Deschl

NYMC Faculty Publications

The chicken egg genotoxicity assay (CEGA), which utilizes the liver of an intact and aseptic embryo-fetal test organism, was evaluated using four activation-dependent DNA-reactive carcinogens and four structurally related less potent carcinogens or non-carcinogens. In the assay, three daily doses of test substances were administered to eggs containing 9-11-day-old fetuses and the fetal livers were assessed for two endpoints, DNA breaks using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay and DNA adducts using the (32)P-nucleotide postlabeling (NPL) assay. The effects of four carcinogens of different structures requiring distinct pathways of bioactivation, i.e., 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), …

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Humoral And Cellular Immunotherapy In All In Children, Adolescents, And Young Adults, Jessica Hochberg, Nader Kim El-Mallawany, Mitchell S. Cairo Sep 2014

Humoral And Cellular Immunotherapy In All In Children, Adolescents, And Young Adults, Jessica Hochberg, Nader Kim El-Mallawany, Mitchell S. Cairo

NYMC Faculty Publications

Although the event-free survival for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has dramatically improved over the past half century, it has plateaued over the past decade. Children and adolescents with refractory/relapsed ALL continue to have a dismal prognosis with hematopoietic stem cell transplant being their most viable option for cure. There is an obvious need for the development of novel agents to further enhance overall outcomes. In this review we focus on the development of humoral and cellular immunotherapeutic agents in the treatment of childhood, adolescent, and young adult ALL. Immunotherapy in various forms has shown immense promise. …

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Thiosulfoxide (Sulfane) Sulfur: New Chemistry And New Regulatory Roles In Biology, John I. Toohey, Arthur J. Cooper Aug 2014

Thiosulfoxide (Sulfane) Sulfur: New Chemistry And New Regulatory Roles In Biology, John I. Toohey, Arthur J. Cooper

NYMC Faculty Publications

The understanding of sulfur bonding is undergoing change. Old theories on hypervalency of sulfur and the nature of the chalcogen-chalcogen bond are now questioned. At the same time, there is a rapidly expanding literature on the effects of sulfur in regulating biological systems. The two fields are inter-related because the new understanding of the thiosulfoxide bond helps to explain the newfound roles of sulfur in biology. This review examines the nature of thiosulfoxide (sulfane, S0) sulfur, the history of its regulatory role, its generation in biological systems, and its functions in cells. The functions include synthesis of cofactors (molybdenum cofactor, …

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Exposure Of Mice To Chronic Hypoxia Attenuates Pulmonary Arterial Contractile Responses To Acute Hypoxia By Increases In Extracellular Hydrogen Peroxide, Dhara Patel, Raed Alhawaj, Michael S. Wolin Aug 2014

Exposure Of Mice To Chronic Hypoxia Attenuates Pulmonary Arterial Contractile Responses To Acute Hypoxia By Increases In Extracellular Hydrogen Peroxide, Dhara Patel, Raed Alhawaj, Michael S. Wolin

NYMC Faculty Publications

Exposing mice to a chronic hypoxic treatment (10% oxygen, 21 days) that promotes pulmonary hypertension was observed to attenuate the pulmonary vasoconstriction response to acute hypoxia (HPV) both in vivo and in isolated pulmonary arteries. Since catalase restored the HPV response in isolated arteries, it appeared to be attenuated by extracellular hydrogen peroxide. Chronic hypoxia promoted the detection of elevated lung superoxide, extracellular peroxide, extracellular SOD expression, and protein kinase G (PKG) activation [based on PKG dimerization and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation], suggesting increased generation of extracellular peroxide and PKG activation may contribute to the suppression of HPV. Aorta from …

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Cyp2c44 Epoxygenase In The Collecting Duct Is Essential For The High K+ Intake-Induced Antihypertensive Effect, Wen-Hui Wang, Chengbiao Zhang, Dao-Hong Lin, Lijun Wang, Joan P. Graves, Darryl C. Zeldin, Jorge H. Capdevila Aug 2014

Cyp2c44 Epoxygenase In The Collecting Duct Is Essential For The High K+ Intake-Induced Antihypertensive Effect, Wen-Hui Wang, Chengbiao Zhang, Dao-Hong Lin, Lijun Wang, Joan P. Graves, Darryl C. Zeldin, Jorge H. Capdevila

NYMC Faculty Publications

Cytochrome P-450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 44 (Cyp2c44) epoxygenase metabolizes arachidonic acid (AA) to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in kidney and vascular tissues. In the present study, we used real-time quantitative PCR techniques to examine the effect of high salt or high K(+) (HK) intake on the expression of Cyp2c44, a major Cyp2c epoxygenase in the mouse kidney. We detected Cyp2c44 in the proximal convoluted tubule, thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule (DCT)/connecting tubule (CNT), and collecting duct (CD). A high-salt diet increased the expression of Cyp2c44 in the thick ascending limb and DCT/CNT but not in the proximal convoluted …

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Kcnj10 Determines The Expression Of The Apical Na-Cl Cotransporter (Ncc) In The Early Distal Convoluted Tubule (Dct1), Chengbiao Zhang, Lijun Wang, Junhui Zhang, Xiao-Tong Su, Dao-Hong Lin, Ute I. Scholl, Gerhard Giebisch, Richard P. Lifton, Wen-Hui Wang Aug 2014

Kcnj10 Determines The Expression Of The Apical Na-Cl Cotransporter (Ncc) In The Early Distal Convoluted Tubule (Dct1), Chengbiao Zhang, Lijun Wang, Junhui Zhang, Xiao-Tong Su, Dao-Hong Lin, Ute I. Scholl, Gerhard Giebisch, Richard P. Lifton, Wen-Hui Wang

NYMC Faculty Publications

The renal phenotype induced by loss-of-function mutations of inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir), Kcnj10 (Kir4.1), includes salt wasting, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia. However, the mechanism by which Kir.4.1 mutations cause the tubulopathy is not completely understood. Here we demonstrate that Kcnj10 is a main contributor to the basolateral K conductance in the early distal convoluted tubule (DCT1) and determines the expression of the apical Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) in the DCT. Immunostaining demonstrated Kcnj10 and Kcnj16 were expressed in the basolateral membrane of DCT, and patch-clamp studies detected a 40-pS K channel in the basolateral membrane of the DCT1 of …

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Identification Of A Novel Clone, St736, Among Enterococcus Faecium Clinical Isolates And Its Association With Daptomycin Nonsusceptibility, Guiqing Wang, Sitharthan Kamalakaran, Abhay Dhand, Weihua Huang, Caroline Ojaimi, Jian Zhuge, Leslie Lee Yee, Pramod Mayigowda, Pavan Kumar Surendraiah, Nevenka Dimitrova, John T. Fallon Aug 2014

Identification Of A Novel Clone, St736, Among Enterococcus Faecium Clinical Isolates And Its Association With Daptomycin Nonsusceptibility, Guiqing Wang, Sitharthan Kamalakaran, Abhay Dhand, Weihua Huang, Caroline Ojaimi, Jian Zhuge, Leslie Lee Yee, Pramod Mayigowda, Pavan Kumar Surendraiah, Nevenka Dimitrova, John T. Fallon

NYMC Faculty Publications

Resistance to daptomycin in enterococcal clinical isolates remains rare but is being increasingly reported in the United States and worldwide. There are limited data on the genetic relatedness and microbiological and clinical characteristics of daptomycin-nonsusceptible enterococcal clinical isolates. In this study, we assessed the population genetics of daptomycin-nonsusceptible Enterococcus faecium (DNSE) clinical isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome sequencing analysis. Forty-two nonduplicate DNSE isolates and 43 randomly selected daptomycin-susceptible E. faecium isolates were included in the analysis. All E. faecium isolates were recovered from patients at a tertiary care medical center in suburban New York City from May …

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Selection Of Appropriate Tumour Data Sets For Benchmark Dose Modelling (Bmd) And Derivation Of A Margin Of Exposure (Moe) For Substances That Are Genotoxic And Carcinogenic: Considerations Of Biological Relevance Of Tumour Type, Data Quality And Uncertainty Assessment, Lutz Edler, Andy Hart, Peter Greaves, Philip Carthew, Myriam Coulet, Alan Boobis, Gary M. Williams, Benjamin Smith Aug 2014

Selection Of Appropriate Tumour Data Sets For Benchmark Dose Modelling (Bmd) And Derivation Of A Margin Of Exposure (Moe) For Substances That Are Genotoxic And Carcinogenic: Considerations Of Biological Relevance Of Tumour Type, Data Quality And Uncertainty Assessment, Lutz Edler, Andy Hart, Peter Greaves, Philip Carthew, Myriam Coulet, Alan Boobis, Gary M. Williams, Benjamin Smith

NYMC Faculty Publications

This article addresses a number of concepts related to the selection and modelling of carcinogenicity data for the calculation of a Margin of Exposure. It follows up on the recommendations put forward by the International Life Sciences Institute - European branch in 2010 on the application of the Margin of Exposure (MoE) approach to substances in food that are genotoxic and carcinogenic. The aims are to provide practical guidance on the relevance of animal tumour data for human carcinogenic hazard assessment, appropriate selection of tumour data for Benchmark Dose Modelling, and approaches for dealing with the uncertainty associated with the …

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Why Are There Eggs?, Stuart A. Newman Aug 2014

Why Are There Eggs?, Stuart A. Newman

NYMC Faculty Publications

A description and update of the "egg-as-novelty" hypothesis is presented. It is proposed that the major animal phylum-characteristic suites of morphological motifs first emerged more than a half-billion years ago in multicellular aggregates and clusters that did not exhibit an egg-soma divergence. These pre-metazoan bodies were organized by "dynamical patterning modules" (DPMs), physical processes and effects mobilized on the new multicellular scale by ancient conserved genes that came to mediate cell-cell interactions in these clusters. "Proto-eggs" were enlarged cells that through cleavage, or physical confinement by a secreted matrix, served to enforce genomic and genetic homogeneity in the cell clusters …

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Blunted Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity In Response To A Nitric Oxide Donor In Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Andrew T. Del Pozzi, Akash Pandey, Marvin S. Medow, Zachary R. Messer, Julian M. Stewart Aug 2014

Blunted Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity In Response To A Nitric Oxide Donor In Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Andrew T. Del Pozzi, Akash Pandey, Marvin S. Medow, Zachary R. Messer, Julian M. Stewart

NYMC Faculty Publications

Cognitive deficits are characteristic of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Intact nitrergic nitric oxide (NO) is important to cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, neurovascular coupling, and cognitive efficacy. POTS patients often experience defective NO-mediated vasodilation caused by oxidative stress. We have previously shown dilation of the middle cerebral artery in response to a bolus administration of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in healthy volunteers. In the present study, we hypothesized a blunted middle cerebral artery response to SNP in POTS. We used combined transcranial Doppler-ultrasound to measure CBF velocity and near-infrared spectroscopy to measure cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation while subjects were …

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Retigabine Calms Seizure-Induced Behavior Following Status Epilepticus, A M. Slomko, Z Naseer, S S. Ali, J P. Wongvravit, L K. Friedman Aug 2014

Retigabine Calms Seizure-Induced Behavior Following Status Epilepticus, A M. Slomko, Z Naseer, S S. Ali, J P. Wongvravit, L K. Friedman

NYMC Faculty Publications

In adult rats, intraperitoneal injection of kainate (KA) results in sustained status epilepticus and persistent behavioral comorbidities such as hyperexcitability, anxiety, and altered response to environmental cues. Intrahippocampal KA also results in sustained status epilepticus and continuous high frequency oscillations in the electroencephalograph (EEG), although subsequent behavioral side effects are unknown. We hypothesized that retigabine, a recently discovered anticonvulsant and potent positive modulator of Kv7 channels, may attenuate seizure-induced behavioral abnormalities. Status epilepticus was induced by administration of KA either intraperitoneally (15 mg/kg) or by single intrahippocampal injection (1.0 μg/0.5 μL). After 24 h, half of systemically KA-treated animals that …

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A Comparison Of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Versus Lung Biopsy In Pediatric Recipients After Stem Cell Transplantation, Erin Qualter, Prakash Satwani, Angela Ricci, Zhezhen Jin, Mark B. Geyer, Bachir Alobeid, Kavita Radhakrishnan, Michael Bye, William Middlesworth, Phyllis Della-Letta, Gerald Behr, Miguel Muniz, Carmella Van De Ven, Lauren Harrison, Erin Morris, Mitchell S. Cairo Aug 2014

A Comparison Of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Versus Lung Biopsy In Pediatric Recipients After Stem Cell Transplantation, Erin Qualter, Prakash Satwani, Angela Ricci, Zhezhen Jin, Mark B. Geyer, Bachir Alobeid, Kavita Radhakrishnan, Michael Bye, William Middlesworth, Phyllis Della-Letta, Gerald Behr, Miguel Muniz, Carmella Van De Ven, Lauren Harrison, Erin Morris, Mitchell S. Cairo

NYMC Faculty Publications

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been a useful initial diagnostic tool in the evaluation of pulmonary complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); however, the diagnostic sensitivity, prevalence, and outcome after BAL versus lung biopsy (LB) in pediatric HSCT patients remains to be determined. We reviewed 193 pediatric HSCT recipients who underwent a total of 235 HSCTs. Sixty-five patients (34%) underwent a total of 101 BALs for fever, respiratory distress, and/or pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph and/or computed tomography scan. The 1-year probability of undergoing BAL was 43.0% after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) and 8.5% after autologous stem cell transplantation …

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Comparative Analysis Of Family Planning Use And Attitudes In Urban Versus Rural Madagascar, Gwendolyn Cummings Jul 2014

Comparative Analysis Of Family Planning Use And Attitudes In Urban Versus Rural Madagascar, Gwendolyn Cummings

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Despite many differences between urban and rural areas of Madagascar, large families are staples in Malagasy culture throughout. However, family planning has recently become one of the most in-demand aspects of healthcare in the country. The discrepancies between rural and urban zones are apparent in this new wave of contraceptive use and child spacing. Interviews in both Andasibe (a rural region of Madagascar) and Antananarivo (the urban capital of the country) were combined with a review of current literature on the subject, in order to distinguish the differences between the two. Ultimately it was found that socioeconomic background and preference …

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Endothelial Progenitor Cells: From Senescence To Rejuvenation, Michael S. Goligorsky Jul 2014

Endothelial Progenitor Cells: From Senescence To Rejuvenation, Michael S. Goligorsky

NYMC Faculty Publications

Discovered more than 15 years ago, endothelial progenitor cells attract both basic and translational researchers. It has become clear that they represent a heterogeneous population of endothelial colony-forming cells, early or late outgrowth endothelial cells, or blood outgrowth endothelial cells, each characterized by differing proliferative and regenerative capacity. Scattered within the vascular wall, these cells participate in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis and support regeneration of epithelial cells. There is growing evidence that this cell population is impaired during the course of chronic cardiovascular and kidney disease when it undergoes premature senescence and loss of specialized functions. Senescence-associated secretory products released by …

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Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Inflammatory Cytokines After Spinal Cord Injury In Rat, Lucia Machová Urdzíková, Jiří Růžička, Michael Labagnara, Kristýna Kárová, Šárka Kubinová, Klára Jiráková, Raj Murali, Eva Syková, Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal, Pavla Jendelová Jun 2014

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Inflammatory Cytokines After Spinal Cord Injury In Rat, Lucia Machová Urdzíková, Jiří Růžička, Michael Labagnara, Kristýna Kárová, Šárka Kubinová, Klára Jiráková, Raj Murali, Eva Syková, Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal, Pavla Jendelová

NYMC Faculty Publications

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) improves functional recovery in experimental models of spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the mechanisms underlying this effect are not completely understood. We investigated the effect of intrathecal implantation of human MSC on functional recovery, astrogliosis and levels of inflammatory cytokines in rats using balloon-induced spinal cord compression lesions. Transplanted cells did not survive at the lesion site of the spinal cord; however, functional recovery was enhanced in the MSC-treated group as was confirmed by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and the flat beam test. Morphometric analysis showed a significantly higher amount of remaining …

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Endostatin And Kidney Fibrosis In Aging: A Case For Antagonistic Pleiotropy?, Chi Hua Lin, Jun Chen, Bruce Ziman, Shannon Marshall, Julien Maizel, Michael S. Goligorsky Jun 2014

Endostatin And Kidney Fibrosis In Aging: A Case For Antagonistic Pleiotropy?, Chi Hua Lin, Jun Chen, Bruce Ziman, Shannon Marshall, Julien Maizel, Michael S. Goligorsky

NYMC Faculty Publications

A recurring theme of a host of gerontologic studies conducted in either experimental animals or in humans is related to documenting the functional decline with age. We hypothesize that elevated circulating levels of a powerful antiangiogenic peptide, endostatin, represent one of the potent systemic causes for multiorgan microvascular rarefaction and functional decline due to fibrosis. It is possible that during the life span of an organism there is an accumulation of dormant transformed cells producing antiangiogenic substances (endostatin) that maintain the dormancy of such scattered malignant cells. The proof of this postulate cannot be obtained by physically documenting these scattered …

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Sasa Borealis Stem Extract Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis In High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats, Yuno Song, Soo-Jung Lee, Sun-Hee Jang, Ji Hee Ha, Young Min Song, Yeoung-Gyu Ko, Hong-Duck Kim, Wongi Min, Suk Nam Kang, Jae-Hyeon Cho Jun 2014

Sasa Borealis Stem Extract Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis In High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats, Yuno Song, Soo-Jung Lee, Sun-Hee Jang, Ji Hee Ha, Young Min Song, Yeoung-Gyu Ko, Hong-Duck Kim, Wongi Min, Suk Nam Kang, Jae-Hyeon Cho

NYMC Faculty Publications

The aim of the current study is to examine the improving effect of Sasa borealis stem (SBS) extract extracts on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats. To determine the hepatoprotective effect of SBS, we fed rats a normal regular diet (ND), HFD, and HFD supplemented with 150 mg/kg body weight (BW) SBS extracts for five weeks. We found that the body weight and liver weight of rats in the HFD + SBS group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. Significantly lower serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were observed in the SBS-supplemented group compared …

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Second-Line Therapy For Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Resistant To First-Line Imatinib, Anna Lau, Karen Seiter Jun 2014

Second-Line Therapy For Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Resistant To First-Line Imatinib, Anna Lau, Karen Seiter

NYMC Faculty Publications

The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is highly effective in reducing disease burden and prolonging overall survival in the majority of patients. Up to one-third of patients who initiate first-line TKI therapy with imatinib, however, experience resistance to treatment, presenting as a lack or loss of response or as disease progression. Sokal or Hasford risk score at baseline and achievement of early molecular response to treatment may help identify patients at risk for resistance to first-line TKI therapy and poor prognosis. Approximately half of the patients with resistance to TKI treatment have mutations …

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Form And Function Remixed: Developmental Physiology In The Evolution Of Vertebrate Body Plans, Stuart A. Newman Jun 2014

Form And Function Remixed: Developmental Physiology In The Evolution Of Vertebrate Body Plans, Stuart A. Newman

NYMC Faculty Publications

The most widely accepted model of evolutionary change, the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis, is based on the gradualism of Darwin and Wallace. They, in turn, developed their ideas in the context of 19th century concepts of how matter, including the tissues of animals and plants, could be reshaped and repatterned. A new physics of condensed, chemically, electrically and mechanically excitable materials formulated in the 20th century was, however, readily taken up by physiologists, who applied it to the understanding of dynamical, external condition-dependent and homeostatic properties of individual organisms. Nerve conduction, vascular and airway dynamics, and propagation of electrical excitations in …

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Suicide Prevention.Movie, Amresh Srivastava May 2014

Suicide Prevention.Movie, Amresh Srivastava

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

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Reduced Intensity Conditioning And Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation In Pediatric Nonmalignant Disease: A New Therapeutic Paradigm, Cori M. Abikoff, Mitchell S. Cairo May 2014

Reduced Intensity Conditioning And Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation In Pediatric Nonmalignant Disease: A New Therapeutic Paradigm, Cori M. Abikoff, Mitchell S. Cairo

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Nonpharmacologic Device Interventions In The Management Of Drug-Resistant Hypertension, William H. Frishman, Daniel Glicklich May 2014

The Role Of Nonpharmacologic Device Interventions In The Management Of Drug-Resistant Hypertension, William H. Frishman, Daniel Glicklich

NYMC Faculty Publications

Resistant systemic hypertension in patients is defined as the inability to control blood pressure despite taking at least three antihypertensive drugs, one of which is a diuretic. Two nonpharmacologic approaches are being evaluated in resistant hypertensive patients. First, the Rheos® Baroreflex Hypertension Therapy system is an implantable device that activates the carotid baroreflex through electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus wall. Sustained and clinically lower blood pressure has been observed in patient clinical trials. The second approach is a catheter-based strategy which denervates the renal afferent and efferent autonomic nervous system. This strategy has also been shown to be effective …

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Mitochondrial Structure Alteration In Human Prostate Cancer Cells Upon Initial Interaction With A Chemopreventive Agent Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Chengsen Xue, Hilda A. Pasolli, Irene Piscopo, Daniel J. Gros, Christina Liu, Yamei Chen, Jen Wei Chiao Mar 2014

Mitochondrial Structure Alteration In Human Prostate Cancer Cells Upon Initial Interaction With A Chemopreventive Agent Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Chengsen Xue, Hilda A. Pasolli, Irene Piscopo, Daniel J. Gros, Christina Liu, Yamei Chen, Jen Wei Chiao

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), present naturally in cruciferous vegetables, is a chemopreventive agent. It blocks initiation and post-initiation progression of carcinogenesis. Mechanism study in human prostate cancer cells revealed that PEITC is a dual inhibitor of aberrant DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylases, reactivating silenced genes and regulating the androgen-mediated growth of tumor cells. The identity of the cellular organelle that initially interacts with PEITC has not been fully described. METHODS: Human prostate cancer LNCaP cells were exposed to PEITC and the effects on cellular fine structure examined by transmission electron microscopic studies. Alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c …

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Disruption Of Mutated Braf Signaling Modulates Thyroid Cancer Phenotype, Elyse K. Hanly, Shilpi Rajoria, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Hong Zhao, Robert Suriano, Neha Tuli, Andrea L. George, Robert Bednarczyk, Edward J. Shin, Jan Geliebter, Raj K. Tiwari Mar 2014

Disruption Of Mutated Braf Signaling Modulates Thyroid Cancer Phenotype, Elyse K. Hanly, Shilpi Rajoria, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Hong Zhao, Robert Suriano, Neha Tuli, Andrea L. George, Robert Bednarczyk, Edward J. Shin, Jan Geliebter, Raj K. Tiwari

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine-related cancer in the United States and its incidence is rising rapidly. Since among various genetic lesions identified in thyroid cancer, the BRAFV600E mutation is found in 50% of papillary thyroid cancers and 25% of anaplastic thyroid cancers, this mutation provides an opportunity for targeted drug therapy. Our laboratory evaluated cellular phenotypic effects in response to treatment with PLX4032, a BRAFV600E-specific inhibitor, in normal BRAF-wild-type thyroid cells and in BRAFV600E-positive papillary thyroid cancer cells. METHODS: Normal BRAF-wild-type thyroid cells and BRAFV600E-mutated papillary thyroid cancer cells were subjected to proliferation assays and analyzed for …

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Angiotensin Ii Stimulates Basolateral 50-Ps K Channels In The Thick Ascending Limb, Mingxiao Wang, Haiyan Luan, Peng Wu, Lili Fan, Lijun Wang, Xinpeng Duan, Dandan Zhang, Wen-Hui Wang, Ruimin Gu Mar 2014

Angiotensin Ii Stimulates Basolateral 50-Ps K Channels In The Thick Ascending Limb, Mingxiao Wang, Haiyan Luan, Peng Wu, Lili Fan, Lijun Wang, Xinpeng Duan, Dandan Zhang, Wen-Hui Wang, Ruimin Gu

NYMC Faculty Publications

We used the patch-clamp technique to examine the effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) on the basolateral K channels in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the rat kidney. Application of ANG II increased the channel activity and the current amplitude of the basolateral 50-pS K channel. The stimulatory effect of ANG II on the K channels was completely abolished by losartan, an inhibitor of type 1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R), but not by PD123319, an AT2R antagonist. Moreover, inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) also abrogated the stimulatory effect of ANG II on the basolateral K …

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Nfat5 Is Protective Against Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury, Shoujin Hao, Lars Bellner, Hong Zhao, Brian B. Ratliff, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Carlos P. Vio, Nicholas R. Ferreri Mar 2014

Nfat5 Is Protective Against Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury, Shoujin Hao, Lars Bellner, Hong Zhao, Brian B. Ratliff, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Carlos P. Vio, Nicholas R. Ferreri

NYMC Faculty Publications

NFAT5 is a transcription factor that protects the kidney from hypertonic stress and also is activated by hypoxia. We hypothesized that NFAT5 mitigates the extent of renal damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Mice were subjected to IRI by unilateral clamping of the left renal pedicle for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion. After 3 hours of reperfusion, the level of NFAT5 mRNA was similar in contralateral and clamped kidneys. However, after 48 hours, NFAT5 mRNA accumulation increased ≈3-fold in both outer medulla and medullary thick ascending limb tubules. NFAT1 levels were elevated at 3 hours but did not increase further …

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Dehydroepiandrosterone Promotes Pulmonary Artery Relaxation By Nadph Oxidation-Elicited Subunit Dimerization Of Protein Kinase G 1Α, Dhara Patel, Sharath Kandhi, Melissa Kelly, Boon Hwa Neo, Michael S. Wolin Feb 2014

Dehydroepiandrosterone Promotes Pulmonary Artery Relaxation By Nadph Oxidation-Elicited Subunit Dimerization Of Protein Kinase G 1Α, Dhara Patel, Sharath Kandhi, Melissa Kelly, Boon Hwa Neo, Michael S. Wolin

NYMC Faculty Publications

The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) controls a vascular smooth muscle relaxing mechanism promoted by the oxidation of cytosolic NADPH, which has been associated with activation of the 1α form of protein kinase G (PKG-1α) by a thiol oxidation-elicited subunit dimerization. This PKG-1α-activation mechanism appears to contribute to responses of isolated endothelium-removed bovine pulmonary arteries (BPA) elicited by peroxide, cytosolic NADPH oxidation resulting from G6PD inhibition, and hypoxia. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone with pulmonary vasodilator activity, which has beneficial effects in treating pulmonary hypertension. Because multiple mechanisms have been suggested for the vascular effects of DHEA and one …

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