Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Investigation Of Athlete High School Students' Moral Decision-Making Attitudes In Terms Of Sport Variables, Oğuz Özbek, Umut Nalbant

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Sports activities are performed in accordance with moral values and principles. The purpose of this research is to examine the decision-making attitudes of young sports students based on age, gender, license status, and sports branch type. Material and Methods: The "Moral Decision-Making Scale in Youth Sports" developed to evaluate the moral decision-making attitudes of young athletes was used as a data collection tool in this research. A five-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the scale items. Results: The athletes' views regarding moral decision-making attitudes were found to be for the Acceptance of Cheating dimension for the Acceptance of …

An Accident Right Before The Finish Of The First Stage Of The 77th Edition Of The Tour De Pologne – Legal Characterisation Of The Accident Through The Prism Of Criminal Law, Cezary Waldzinski, Aleksandra Durzynska, Tomasz Waldzinski, Kazimierz Kochanowicz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

On August 5, 2020 the first of five stages of the 77th edition of the Tour de Pologne took place. In the final meters of the first stage of the race around Poland, an unfortunate accident occurred. Jumbo-Visma rider, Dylan Groenewegen, who fought for the victory, deviated from his line and by going to the right prevented Fabio Jakobsen from riding and finishing the race. As a result, the Deceuninck-Quick-Step cyclist hit the barriers at high speed and suffered very serious injuries. Fabio Jakobsen, a talented cyclist, was taken to hospital in a severe condition. One of the judges who …

The Effectiveness Of Functional Training On Static Balance, Dynamic Balance And Flexibility Of Females With Intellectual Disability, Sakineh Farrokhian, Ghorban Hemati Alamdarloo, Enayatollah Asadmanesh

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Children with intellectual disability (ID) have less balance and flexibility than typically developing peers. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of functional training on static balance, dynamic balance and flexibility of female students with intellectual disability. Material/Methods: The research method was pre-test – post-test with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all female students with ID in elementary school of Shiraz studying under the auspices of the Special Education Organization in 2018–2019. The participants included 30 female students with ID selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 15) …

Dynamics Of Changes In Time Differences And Muscle Strength In Qualified Handball Students During The Academic Year, Muminov Abrorbek Shavkatovich

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: It consists in studying during the school year the accuracy of shooting at targets installed in the corners of the gate in a calm position for experienced handball players and in the influence of turning the body in different directions.

Methods: The following methods were used in the course of the study: 1) literary sources, analysis of research papers and scientific articles, scientific research on the topic, scientific and practical experience of foreign and domestic scientists in the field of sports in bund were studied and analyzed. 2) A pedagogical test in which the accuracy of the difference between …

Dynamics Of Changes In Time Differences And Muscle Strength In Qualified Handball Students During The Academic Year, Muminov Abrorbek Shavkatovich

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Aim: It consists in studying during the school year the accuracy of shooting at targets installed in the corners of the gate in a calm position for experienced handball players and in the influence of turning the body in different directions.

Methods: The following methods were used in the course of the study: 1) literary sources, analysis of research papers and scientific articles, scientific research on the topic, scientific and practical experience of foreign and domestic scientists in the field of sports in bund were studied and analyzed. 2) A pedagogical test in which the accuracy of the difference between …

Macronutrients And Water – Do They Matter In The Context Of Cognitive Performance In Athletes?, Ewa Karpecka, Barbara Fraczek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Proper nutrition is a key factor in physical performance, but there are also indications of an impact of dietary components on the brain function. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the impact of macronutrients and water on cognitive performance. Assumptions of the Mediterranean diet correlate with better global cognition, episodic memory, lower risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. In turn, a high-fat and high-sugar diet shows the opposite effect. Omega-3 fatty acids could be used as a preventive tool for cognitive decline, but there is still insufficient evidence if supplementation improves cognitive functions. The proper intake …

Model Characteristics Of Sportsmen’ Preparedness In Kettlebell Lifting, Konstiantyn Prontenko, Grygoriy Griban, Tetiana Plachynda, Ivan Mychka, Oksana Khurtenko, Bogdan Semeniv, Oleksandr Gnydiuk, Vadym Muzhychok, Mykola Puzdymir

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The model characteristics of preparedness of sportsmen specialized in kettlebell lifting are grounded in the article. The indicators of physical preparedness, functional abilities and the main technical characteristics of kettlebell lifters of different qualification were examined. Material and methods: Three groups were formed: group No. 1 – kettlebell lifters of a low qualification (the 3rd and the 2nd grades, N=34); group No. 2 – kettlebell lifters who have the 1st grade and Candidate Master of Sports, N=27; group No. 3 – sportsmen of a high qualification (Masters of Sports, N=16). The methods of investigation: theoretical analysis and generalization of …

The Relationship Between Physical Activity Levels And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Elderly Individuals Aged 65 Years And Above With A Chronic Disease, Nevzat Demirci, Pervin Toptaş Demirci, Oktay Zırhlı

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide with increasing prevalence in the population aged 65 years and above. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between physical activity level and health-related quality of life in elderly individuals. Material and methods: The participants aged 65 years and older (46 males and 35 females) were divided into 3 groups according to their physical activity levels: low physical activity (<150 minutes/week), moderate physical activity (150–300 minutes/week) and high physical activity level (>300 minutes/week). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was calculated using EQ-5D scale. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between physical activity level and HRQoL scores in elderly …

Differences Between All-Around Results In Women’S Artistic Gymnastics And Ways Of Minimizing Them, Almir Atiković, Edina Kamenjašević, Amra Nožinović Mujanović, Edin Užičanin, Muhamed Tabaković, Mijo Ćurić

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: In the present study, the main goal was to establish whether the disciplines are equal and should the Code of Points (COP) women's artistic gymnastics be revised in terms of point standardization on apparatus. Material and methods: The sample included all-around senior female gymnasts who participated in the qualification (C-I) competitions at World Championships held in 2009-2019. Results: The biggest differences are even two points between the two apparatus vault and balance beam. Vault compared to other apparatus is different for 1.559 points. Presentation of correlations between each apparatus the evidence that nothing has changed significantly in recent years, …

Dependences Between The Footwear Fitting And Feet Structure In Girls Of Third-Grade Primary School, Ewa Puszczalowska-Lizis, Paulina Zarzyczna, Wioletta Mikulakova

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The study aimed to study dependences between the footwear fitting and feet structure in girls of third grade of primary school. Material and methods: The research tool was the podoscope CQ-ST. The footwear fitting to the feet of the examined children was tested using the Clevermess device. Results: Statistically significant relationships between the frequency of varus deformity of the Vth toe of the right foot and the width fitting of the outdoor footwear were found (p=0.027). Statistically significant relationships between the length of the indoor footwear and the heel angle (γ) of the left foot have also been noted …

The Impact Of Circuit Resistance Training On Serum Glucose, Insulin Resistance And Health Related Physical Fitness In Elderly Men With Type 2 Diabetes, Hamid Arazi, Roghayeh Gholizadeh, Amin Sohbatzadeh, Ehsan Eghbali

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Obesity and decreased physical activity are the most important factors in the development of type 2 diabetes, which in recent decades has led to an increase in the number of people with this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of circuit resistance training (CRT) on serum glucose, insulin resistance and health related physical fitness in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: Twenty-two patients with type 2 diabetes (60.99 ±2.93 years) volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided randomly into two groups: training (n = 11) and control (n = …

Somatotypes Of Athletes With Physical Disabilities And The Type Of Activity They Undertake, Agata Kamionka, Elzbieta Grzywacz, Mariusz Lipowski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The issue of scientific measurement of somatotypes of athletes with physical disabilities and the type of physical activity undertaken by them is poorly documented in the literature. The aim of the study is to determine what type of body composition is characteristic of athletes with physical disabilities, engaging in various types of physical activity, such as swimming, sitting volleyball and weight lifting. Material and methods: Sixty men, aged 20-30, were qualified for the study. Each study participant had a motor dysfunction and was in intellectual norm. For the research protocol, Sheldon’s typology in Heath and Carter modification was used. …

Concurrent Validity, Inter-, And Intrarater Reliabilities Of Smart Device Based Application For Measuring Vertical Jump Performance, Dong-Sik Oh, Yoon-Hee Choi, Yu-Jin Shim, Sam-Ho Park, Myung-Mo Lee

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent validity and inter-and intra-rater reliabilities of smart device based application, against force platform-based portable device Wii balance board (WBB) measurements for the flight time and jump height during the vertical jump. Material and methods: Thirty participants (23.8 ±3.41 years) completed three vertical jumps, which were evaluated using WBB and application for smart device. To assess the concurrent validity, jump height and flight times were obtained from each device. Inter-and intra-rater reliabilities were determined by replicating data analysis of smart device based application recordings. Results: Flight time and jump height …

Influence Of Functional Abilities On The Quality Of Refereeing In Handball, Ivan Belcic, Lana Ruzic, Alen Marosevic

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Several factors contributed to the evolution of handball, and one of the most important changes for faster, more dynamic and aggressive game is the change of rules which increase physical demands of players and especially referees. The aim of this study is to determine whether functional abilities have an influence on the quality of refereeing. Material and methods: 31 subjects were involved in the research, all of them top-level referees with an average age of 34.66±6.44, height 184.02±5.87 cm and body mass 91.14±10.61 kg. Testing was divided into two parts: the first part was spiroergometric progressive test on a …

Effect Of Core Stability Training On Postural Control, Risk Of Falling, And Function Of The Blind: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Mohammad Karimizadeh Ardakani, Mohammad Hamzeh Shalamzari, Mohammad Hani Mansori

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Visual impairments affect all motion aspects of individuals. Movement as the most important tool of physical education is an important factor to improve the health of people with disabilities. The present study aims to investigate the effect of six weeks of core stability training on postural control, risk of falling, and function of blind people. Material and methods: Thirty-two blind males were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental and the control one. In order to evaluate the postural control, the Berg balance scale, the modified stork stand balance test, and the tandem walking test were used. To evaluate …

Effect Of Dynamic And Static Strength Training On Hormonal Activity In Elite Boxers, Eser Ağgön, Özturk Agırbaş, Hamit Hakan Alp, Izzet Uçan, Recep Gürsoy, Anthony C. Hackney

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to determine hormonal responses to acute and chronic exposure to static and dynamic strength training programs using resistance bands in boxers. Material and methods: 19 male national boxers participated in the study. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises with resistance bands for 3 days a week for 8 weeks involving either dynamic (n=10) or static (n=9) resistance exercises. Blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after the initial exercise session, and 8 weeks later following the last exercise session. Cortisol, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were measured. Statistical analyses …

The Relationship Between University Students' Psychological Resilience And Anxiety Levels And Comparising In Terms Of Physical Activity Levels Gender And Academic Achievement, Abdurrahman Demi̇R, Ali İlhan Barut

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Psychological resilience is the adaptation of individual in the face of negative situations and the ability to fight these situations. Since university life has an anxious and stressful feature, university students are considered as a risk group in terms of psychological resilience. Purpose of research is to examine relationship between psychological resilience levels and anxiety levels of university students and making comparisons in terms of physical activity levels, gender and academic achievement. Material and methods: 360 university students voluntarily participated in research. ‘Short Psychological Resilience’ Scale, 'Beck Anxiety Inventory' and ‘International Physical Activity Questionnaire' was used in research. Results: …

Investigation Of The Relationship Between Smart Phone Addiction And Physical Activity In University Students, Ayşe Numanoğlu-Akbaş, Sinem Suner-Keklik, Hatice Yakut

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of this research was to determine the university students’ characteristics regarding smartphone usage and physical activity and to investigate the relationship between smart phone addiction and the physical activity levels. Methods: A total of 288 (female=159 and male=129) students were involved in this observational study. Smartphone usage characteristics of the participants were recorded. The short form of the Smartphone Addiction Scale was used to assess their smartphone addiction, and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess their physical activity levels. Results: It was found that 37.7% of the females and …

The Effects Of The Body Mass Index On The Physical Function And The Quality Of Life In The Elderly, Raziye Şavkın, Gökhan Bayrak, Nihal Büker

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: As in all age groups, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is gradually increasing in the elderly. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the body mass index (BMI) on the physical function and the overall quality of life in the elderly. Materials and methods: 265 community-dwelling older adults (131 women and 134 men) were included. BMI, grip strength (hand-held dynamometer), physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB) and overall quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) were assessed. Results: 265 older adults were divided into three groups: normal (n=66), overweight (n=116), obese (n=83). SPPS and WHOQOL-BREF psychological …

Athlete Self-Efficacy Scale: Development And Psychometric Properties, Çalık Veli Koçak

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: It is important that psychological structures have an impact on athlete performance, such as self-efficacy can be measured consistently. The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool with psychometric properties that can measure the self-efficacy beliefs of athletes. Material and methods: The participants of the study consisted of 325 athletes (age 21.6 ± 4.2) who actively pursue sports in various sports branches in Turkey. In the validity and reliability analysis of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes were used. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient value of the total scale is .88. Results: The validity and reliability …

How Are The Physical Activity And Anxiety Levels Of The University Students Affected During The Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic?, Zehra Güçhan Topcu, Beliz Belgen Kaygısız, Cisel Demiralp

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has influenced all people’s lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity and anxiety of university students during the pandemic, and then determine some associated factors with anxiety of these young adults. Material and methods: A web-based questionnaire was sent to the participants. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to collect data about the levels of their physical activity and anxiety. Results: 247 participants (females = 151, males = 96) of the Faculty of Health Sciences whose mean ages were 21.46 ±2.1 years …

The Influence Of The Organization Structure Changes On Management And Sports Results In The Lech Poznan Sports Club Between 2011 And 2014, Lukasz Karski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The increase in the competitiveness on the sports market forces elaboration of the proper organization structure in sports clubs. In 2011 Lech Poznan Club found itself in a situation which was inadequate to its ambition. The aim of this work is to present the influence of the implemented organization structure changes on the process of club management. Material and methods: The subject of the research was the Lech Poznan club and its organization structure between 2011 and 2014. The applied research methods were the interview and the survey questionnaire. Results: The introduction and the strategy realization, as well as …

Professionalization Of Management In Sports Vis-A-Vis The Liability Of Management Board Members For The Obligations Of A Sports Club, Jakub Kosowski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪The paper addresses one of the key issues relating to operations of sports entities, i.e. the liability for the obligations of the management board members. The aim is a comprehensive analysis of the legal basis of this subject, with abundant case-law in this matter taken into account. Material and methods: ‪The study is based on different criteria of the creation of the obligations of sports clubs, which entails a very high degree of complexity and multiplicity of legal rules relating to the problem in question. Taking these criteria into account, an analysis of the views presented by scholars in …

Criminal Liability For Injuries Of Competitors Arising In The Course Of Sports Competition In Polish Criminal Law, Tomasz Waldzinski, Cezary Waldzinski, Aleksandra Durzynska, Ewa Waldzinska, Malgorzata Knas, Kazimierz Kochanowicz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Practicing both high performance and recreational sport involves not only many sacrifices, taking care of one's health and maintaining an appropriate shape, but also risks which result in damage to one's health and, in extreme cases – the death of a contestant. The athletes suffer various types of sports injuries during competitions or training sessions. Much of it is due to the behaviour of another contestant. Therefore, the question is when a sportsman, in the Polish legal system, will be liable for a penalty for the fact that during the competition he caused an injury (sporting injury) to his rival. …

Changes In Air Tourism To Tunisia In 2009–2018, Jan A. Wendt, Dariusz Jacek Olszewski-Strzyzowski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The subject of this study is an analysis of the changes of tourist air traffic in Tunisia between 2009 and 2018. During this time, Tunisia saw political changes and worldwide-reported coverage of terrorist attacks on tourists (2014–2015). The aim of this study was to attempt to determine the extent to which the Tunisian Revolution and terrorist attacks have had a negative impact on the decline in the tourist traffic, and to assess the rate of return of the tourist traffic and income in this sector to the levels from before the Revolution. Material and methods: The main source of …

Innovative Technologies In Using Baltic Amber For Wellness, Anna Mikhaylova, Andrey Mikhaylov

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim is to identify novel methods and demand in using amber and its products in the field of medicine, health preservation and medical tourism. Material and methods: Quantitative and qualitative analysis is done on patents and patent applications indicating the use of natural amber and its derivatives as reflected in the title and/or abstract sections. Data is analyzed by 4 dimensions: temporal, sectoral, territorial, institutional. The study period covers 1975-2020. Data source is the Dimensions patents database. Results: The development of technologies for using or processing amber and its derivatives is characterized by low and unstable patent activity. …

Expanding Transboundary Tourist Space – The Growing Significance Of The Augustów Canal, Aliaksandr Cyargeenka, Marek Wieckowski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The Belarusian-Polish borderland has great tourism potential but in the same time suffers from many restrictions, especially geopolitical ones. An overall facilitation of foreigners’ trips into Belarus has facilitated the development of cross-border tourism and local resources could be used by tourists. One of the most important tourist attractions is the Augustów Canal. This article seeks to discuss changes made to one border crossing between Poland and Belarus whose location may be considered exceptional, given that it is on the Augustów Canal. Material and methods: Analysis of historical, legal and statistical materials; cartographic analysis and fieldwork. Results: Eased restrictions …

Establishing Transboundary Tourist Space In The Baltic Sea Region, Denis Cerić, Marek Wieckowski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The Baltic Sea region has been an area of intense political, economic and cultural contacts since the early Middle Ages. However, it severely suffered both during the Second World War and in its aftermath through to 1989. Since the mid-1990s, initiatives, programs and organisations promoting cooperation in this region have been put in place, and, in line with the expansion of the European Union, there have been far more opportunities (both organisational and financial) for cross-border cooperation, including in a transboundary context. Material and methods: The main sources of data for quantitative analysis have been official reports of Interreg …

Emitter And Tourist Destination In Romania, Grigore Vasile Herman, Dorina Camelia Ilieș, Olivier Dehoorne, Alexandru Ilieș, Alphonse Sambou, Tudor Caciora, Mamadou Diombera, Anamaria Lăzuran

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The need to identify, analyze and establish relationships between destinations and tourist emission, as terminus points between which the tourist circulation takes place, arises from the structural and functional complexity of tourism, on the one hand, and from its unprecedented expansion, on the other hand. Material and methods: Within the present study, which concerned Romania as a tourist destination, a number of specific, determinative indicators for the emission areas and the tourist destinations were identified and analyzed. Results: The obtained results focused on the analysis of: capacity, hierarchy, spatial distribution and establishment of relations between tourist emission / reception …

The Perception Of Geography In School And Society, Grigore Vasile Herman, Mihaela Simona Biriș, Dorina Camelia Ilieș, Tudor Caciora, Alexandru Ilieș, Jan A. Wendt, Daniela Sopota

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The profound changes that the Romanian society has experienced, at the background of its transition to an information and knowledge-based society, have imposed new directions and perspectives in the field of study of Geography at school and in the society. In this context, the present study aims to know the perception of the student-teacher-parent triad regarding the role of Geography at school and in the society. Material and methods: Using the method of questionnaire, a number of 927 participants were consulted, of which 421 were students, 357 teachers and 149 parents from Bihor county, Romania. Results: The research focused …