Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Depth Jumping: A Comparison Of The Most Effective Depth Jumping Techniques In The Improvement Of Power/Vertical Jumping, Stefan Darvishi

Graduate Theses

A four week depth jump training program was conducted to determine if there is a significant difference between bounce drop Jump technique and counter drop jump technique in improving leg power as measured by vertical jumping height. Eleven college females, age 18 to 21, involved in the sport of volleyball and basketball served as subjects in this investigation. Following pre-testing, the subjects were assigned to one of two treatment groups based on the sports they played. Both groups participated in the training two sessions per week. There were no control groups used in this investigation. The subjects in group one …

Isokinetic Dynamometer Versus A Multi-Axial Stability Platform In The Proprioception And Strength Training Of The Peroneal Muscle Group, Eric Johnson

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Ankle injuries are the most common and frequent occurring injuries in sports today (Feuerbach, Grabiner & Koh, 1994). Ankle sprains usually occur in athletes that are participating in running or jumping activities. Injuries to the ankle joint represent about 20% of all sports related injuries, and 15% of all time lost injuries (Payne, Berg, & Latin, 1997). The majority of the sprains to the ankle occur to the lateral ligamentous structures due to the forcefully plantar flexion and inversion of the talocrural joint. This inversion mechanism accounts for 85% of all ankle sprains (Kinzey, Ingersoll, & Knight, 1997). Often after …

The Ability Of Cryotherapy To Effect Vertical Jump And Single-Legged Hop Test, Douglas W. Branch

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Cryotherapy is an important component in the management and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries that occur due to sports participation. Cryotherapy is described as the "therapeutic application of any substance to the body which results in the withdrawal of heat from the body" (Tsang, 1997). This cold modality is used initially when caring for injuries that are acute or chronic. The main reason for using cryotherapy in acute injury management is to lower the temperature of the injured tissue, which reduces the metabolic rate and helps the tissue to survive the period of hypoxia following an injury (Merrick, 1993). The effects …

Effect Of Strength Training And Other Activities On Physical Self-Concept Of Females, Denise Cooksley Glew

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The past few years have seen an increased interest in the psychological benefits of exercise. The personality factor of self-concept typically remains relatively stable throughout adulthood unless a person's life experiences cause it to change. Physical self-concept, a dimension of self-concept, deals with how an individual views themselves and has been found to be affected by exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training on the physical self-concept of female college students. The study used a pretest, post-test, quasi-experimental design. The Physical Self-Concept Subscale of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale was used to measure physical …

The Effect Of Cycling On Muscle Activation In The Running Leg Of An Olympic Distance Triathlon, Tamika Heiden

Theses : Honours

Anecdotal reports from triathletes highlight the transition from cycling to running as the most difficult due to the change from non-weight carrying cycling activity to weight hearing running activity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of prior cycling on activation of lower limb muscles in running during an Olympic distance triathlon. Ten elite level triathletes underwent two conditions; a 40krn ride followed by a 2km run and a 10km run followed by a 2km run, at their Olympic distance race pace. Testing was carried out in the field with at least one week between tests. EMG …

Muscle Responses To High-Intensity Eccentric Exercise : A Comparison Between Untrained And Highly Resistance-Trained Subjects, Gregory T. Morgan

Theses : Honours

Eccentric exercise, which is when the muscle produces force as it lengthens, has been shown to result in decrements to muscle functions. This study was designed to investigate whether there was a difference between the muscle responses of untrained (n = 8) and resistance-trained (n = 8) individuals after a bout of high-intensity eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. All subjects were males aged 18 to 45 years and recruited based on specific training criteria. Subjects performed l0 sets of 6 maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexor muscles on an isokinetic dynamometer. 10 seconds rest was provided between each …

Back Stress And Assistance Exercises In Extreme Weightlifting, Adam J. Beard

Theses : Honours

The purpose or this study was to test the suitability or selected assistance exercises to strengthen the low back for the Olympic lilts in elite weightlifters. Four subjects were filmed by a five-camera Motion Analysis system operating at 120Hz. The subjects completed both or the Olympic lifts (Snatch and Clean) at a near one repetition maximum and four assistance exercises (Bent-over Row, Clean Pull Deadlift, Romanian Deadlift, and Good Morning) at an intensity typically performed at a routine training session. Peak moments, compressive and shear forces about the L5/S1 intervertebral joint were calculated via a top-down inverse dynamics model. Comparisons …

The Effect Of Prescribed And Preferred Intensity Exercise On The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Perceived Exertion In Older Adults, Keith R. Scotson

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This study was concerned with acute responses to exercise in people over the age of 50 (N = 80). In particular the relationship between Self-efficacy and perceived exertion during exercise at workloads (a) based on a target heart rate (prescribed intensities) and (b) based on participant preference (preferred intensities) were observed. Perceptual (perceived exertion), Self-efficacy and heart rate responses of low active older participants engaged in either walking or cycle ergometer exercise at preferred and prescribed intensities were also reported. Significant inverse correlations were observed between pre and post exercise Self-efficacy and perceived exertion during acute exercise at prescribed intensities …

The Specificity And Sensitivity Of The Criteria Used To Measure Vo2max, Geoffrey D. Juranovich

Theses : Honours

The use of V0_2MAX as a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness is widespread throughout the fields of exercise physiology, physiology and medicine. VO_2MAX is described as the maximal rate of oxygen consumption during increasing exercise intensities and is defined by a plateau or levelling off of oxygen consumption (VO₂). Taylor et al. (1955) derived the primary criterion for a levelling off (plateau) of VO₂ at the end of an incremental exercise test to exhaustion to be a change in VO₂ (ΔVO₂) /kg/min during the final minute. This primary criterion has been widely accepted …

The Difference In Pain Tolerance Between Ncaa Division 1-A Male And Female Athletes, Mollie K. Karabatsos

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

How well an athlete tolerates pain may aid the athletic trainer in determining a proper rehabilitation protocol for the quickest recovery and return to play after an injury. The present investigation was conducted to determine if there is a difference in pain tolerance between NCAA Division I-A male and female athletes. The subjects consisted of nineteen healthy Division I-A male athletes and nineteen healthy Division I-A female athletes all between the ages of 18 and 23 (N=38). The subjects placed their hand, up to their styloid process, into a one - degree Celsius ice bath for one minute. After one …

The Effects Of A Functional Derotational Knee Brace On The Single-Leg Hop, Timed-Hop, And Stability Of Ncaa Division Ii Athletes, Heidi E. Moran

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Functional knee braces are often used by athletes following an injury to their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, few athletes are given information as to whether the knee brace will hinder their ability. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a functional derotational knee brace on the single leg hop for distance, timed hop, and overall stability index of athletes. Twelve healthy knees were tested with and with out an off-the-shelf DonJoy Legend knee brace. A matched T-test showed a significant difference between the single leg hop (T = 2.71, p<.05) and timed hop (T=3.23, p<.05) while wearing the knee brace. There was no significance found when examining the stability index while wearing the brace. It was concluded that the functional knee brace decreased the distance of a single leg hop and increased the time it took to perform a timed hop.

Influence Of Examiner Experience On Interrater Reliability Using The Kt2000 Knee Ligament Arthrometer, Michelle Ann Phelan

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The KT-2000 knee ligament arthrometer is frequently used by clinicians in determining the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament. Researchers have questioned the reliability in using this device in reporting reliable results. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of examiner experience in using the K^T-2000 knee ligament arthrometer. Thirteen subjects (age=22-45) were recruited on a voluntary basis for this study. The KT-2000 knee ligament arthrometer was used to measure anterior-posrtior laxity for each patient. Results were measured at 15 and 20 pounds of force for right and left knees. A multiple linear regression ANOVA was used …

Force And Electromyographic Responses To Ergometer Rowing, Darryl A. Turner

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

During many athletic events, fatigue influences the physiological and biomechanical characteristics of performance. For optimal performance in events such as rowing, athletes must maintain a skilfully co-ordinated movement technique. The ability to produce high force outputs during repetitive contractions is influenced by fatigue and dependent on a number of factors including neuromuscular activities. Neuromuscular activation may be expressed by amplitude and frequency characteristics of the electromyographic signal (EMG) sample from the muscle. During sustained isometric contractions, changes in EMG characteristics are related to changes in force, which may be useful in monitoring the fatigue process (Basmajian, 1974: De Luca, 1985). …

The Cardiovascular And Metabolic Adaptations To Iso-Caloric Moderate Intensity And High Intensity Exercise, Summerson Desmond

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the industrialized nations, and accounts for 1 million deaths in the United States each year (McArdle, Katch & Katch, 1991). One of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is physical inactivity, which is a behavioral modified risk factor. Physical inactivity plagues 59% of the people in the United States (ACSM Resource Manual, 1998). Physical inactivity often leads to obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholemia, and places sedentary individuals at more risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), or coronary heart disease (CHD). The question which remains unclear is the quantity and quality of …

A Cross-Validation Of The Marshall University Step Test On College Males And Females Age 18-24, Mary Robin Hampton

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Positive health entails more than the absence of disease; it is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being (Hartung, Krock, Crandall, Bisson, & Myhre, 1993; Payne & Hahn, 1995). Physical fitness, as described by Francis (1987), is the potential for making adequate functional adjustments to increased metabolic demands. Cardiorespiratory fitness (aerobic fitness) is believed to be the single best indicator of physical fitness (Astrand & Rodale, 1985). The standard index of cardiorespiratory fitness is maximum oxygen uptake (VO^^), or the maximum rate at which oxygen can be consumed. VO2max is dependent upon the cardiovascular system’s ability to deliver blood …

A Comparison Of Nutritional Knowledge, Eating Attitudes, Training Regimens, And Body Composition Between Normal And Abnormal Menstruating Female Adolescent Cross Country Athletes, Dena Maureen Block

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare factors that may influence menstrual irregularities of female adolescent high school cross-country runners, ranging from 13-18 years of age. A survey was utilized to determine the subjects age, year in school, exercise history, menstrual history, and training regimens and where the subjects sought nutritional information. The groups were separated according to their current menstrual status. One group (normal) consisted of subjects who currently had a normal menstrual cycle for at least one year (n=17), while the other group (abnormal) (n=18) experienced an irregular menstrual cycle.

A twenty item questionnaire was administered to …

The Effects Of Dehydration And Rehydration On The One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Of Weight Trained Males, James E. Schoffstall

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dehydration and rehydration on the one repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press of weight trained males. The ten subjects displayed the following characteristics: 25.3 ± 3.2 years old, 85.5 ± 16.4 kilograms body mass and a 117.9 ± 24.0 kilogram base-line 1-RM. Ten subjects were tested on two separate days, with one week between each test day. The subjects were randomly assigned to begin their testing in either the A protocol or the B protocol. During the A protocol testing day, the subjects completed two one repetition maximum bench press …

Risk Management In Youth Athletics, Scot P. Hartwell

Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios

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The Effect Of Tape And Neoprene Ankle Supports On Balance In Athletes With Injured Ankles, Tara Michelle Gerlach

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Injuries to the ankle joint are among the most common in athletics (Feuerbach et al., 1994; Gross, 1987). As clinicians, it is important to investigate various factors which could potentially reduce the occurrence of ankle injuries. One such actors is an improvement in proprioception (Cox et al., 1993; Glencross & Thornton, 1994). A suggested method for improving proprioception in the ankle is application of an external support, such as tape or a brace (Feuerbach et al. , 1994; Karlsson & Andreasson, 1992 ) . This study compared the proprioceptive abilities of the ankle under three conditions: unsupported, taped, and using …

A Descriptive Study Of Non-Accredited Athletic Training Programs, Donald Lee Bishop

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of the study was to describe the current status of non-accredited athletic training programs at four-year colleges and universities in relation to receiving future accreditation by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP).

Since it was first organized, the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc. (NATA) has continually sought to elevate the standards of its members. There were no certification or education requirements for athletic trainers until 1970. These requirements, once very broad and open-ended, have since been refined and delimited to ensure the highest quality for athletic trainers. The NATA has once again raised their …

The Effect Of Stride Angle On Ball Velocity And Stride Length In Softball Pitching, Jeanna Marie Foster

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in stride length and ball velocity which occur as a result of changes in the stride angle in the underarm fastball pitch. All subjects were female collegiate level softball pitchers who pitched windmill style. Each pitcher's preferred stride angle, stride length, and ball velocity were recorded. Stride lengths and ball velocities for predetermined stride angles were then recorded. An artificial environment was designed with a grid marked to measure stride length and stride angle. A radar gun was used to measure ball velocity. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to calculate …

The Efficacy Of A 'Spacer' In The Delivery Of Salbutamol For The Prevention Of Exercise-Induced Asthma, David G. Reed

Theses : Honours

Salbutamol is a Beta-2-agonist, commonly prescribed for the prevention and reversal of Exercise induced asthma (EIA). The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a spacer device in the delivery of salbutamol for the prevention of EIA Thirteen confirmed asthmatic subjects (10 female and 3 male), completed 3 exercise test sessions consisting of three treatments a) Ventolin via MDI (metered dose inhaler) and placebo via spacer, b) Ventolin via spacer and placebo via MDI and c) Placebo via spacer and MDI, randomly administered utilising a single blind, cross--over design. Following treatment, subjects completed an asthmogenic physical challenge …

Sense Of Effort Associated With Exercise In The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Karen E. Wallman

Theses : Honours

Investigations into the mediators of effort sensation have indicated that central mechanisms related to corollary discharges may be responsible for an increased sense of effort during fatiguing isometric exercise. The role for central mediators for sense of effort have been objectively demonstrated through use of contralateral limb matching tasks. Subjects diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) often report prevalent fatigue associated with a greater sense of effort when involved in exercise. This study employed a fatiguing contralateral limb-matching task in order to determine if CFS subjects (n == 6) experienced an altered sense of effort associated with the task when …

Changes In Muscular Power Associated With Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Carmel Nottle

Theses : Honours

The aims of the this study were to investigate the effects of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) following downhill running on cycling power output and to determine the extent of any relationships between power output, strength, and DOMS. 12 active male subjects (aged 18-25 years) were randomly assigned to either a test (n=7) or control (n=5) group. The test group performed a 5 x 8 minute downhill running protocol at a grade of -7% and a speed corresponding to 80% of the subjects age predicted heart rate maximum. Measurements of isometric knee extension and flexion strength, peak and average cycling …

The Participant's Perception Of The Contribution Of Lyengar Yoga To Their Health And Well-Being, Ann Dragon

Theses : Honours

To date little research has been conducted to substantiate the many anecdotal claims that yoga improves both physical and mental health. Berger and Owen (1992) demonstrated that yoga practice could enhance mood state. Mind-body exercise modalities, such as tai chi and yoga, potentially offer significant benefit in the areas of exercise rehabilitation and health promotion strategy (LaForge, 1997). Yoga is steadily gaining popularity amongst western culture with an increasing number of people participating in this mind-body exercise modality. Investigating the perceived contribution of regular yoga practice to health and well-being could uncover a number of positive 'indicators towards exercise adherence …

Discovering The Recreational Interests Of South Florida's Youth For Use In The Expansion Of 4-H Programs In Broward County, Florida, Thomas W. Kehlhofer

Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios

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The Effectiveness Of A Strength And Conditioning Program For A Collegiate Softball Team, Paula J. U'Ren

Culminating Projects in Kinesiology

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of The Calcium And Iron Intake Of Langston University's Track And Basketball Athletes, Dominique Patrice Moore

McCabe Thesis Collection

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA's ) reflect that the average healthy American aged 18-24 years should consume 1,200 mg of calcium daily and 10-12 mg and 15 mg of iron for men and women respectively. These RDA's have not been adjusted for those persons involved in endurance sports. Studies by Telford (1992) and Clarkson (1992) show that endurance athletes suffer from calcium and iron deficiencies. There is a general assumption that athletic coaches are more concerned with the "weigh in" of 4 athletes than overall nutrient requirements. Positive nutrition education should be part of the overall training of athletes. Also, studies …

Continuing Eligibility: A Reason For Change, Louise L. Ericson

Masters Theses

The purposes of this study were to determine how the NCAA continuing eligibility rules affect the academic choices and the educational enhancement of the "well-intentioned" student-athlete and to determine what exceptions should be made so that this type of student-athlete is not punished by the system when no wrongful intent exists. Fourteen Directors of Athletic Academic Support Programs at NCAA Division I institutions were sent the survey instrument. Twelve were returned, indicating a response rate of 86%.

The study was broken down into seven areas: (a) departmental personnel background, knowledge, and interaction with the continuing eligibility rules, (b) defining the …

The Effects Of Concurrent Strength And Muscular Endurance Resistance Training On Strength, Endurance And Body Composition In Previously Untrained Females, Derek W. Gibbins

Theses : Honours

The number of females engaged in some form of sporting activity is growing rapidly, but many women still shy away from weight training because of their fear of excessive muscular hypertrophy and its accompanying loss of femininity. Because strength and muscular endurance play a vital role in most sporting endeavours, and weight training has proven to be one of the most effective methods to improve both attributes, any training regime that could achieve concurrent increases in both measures without noticeable increases in muscle size would be ideally suited to most women. Changes in strength and endurance resulting from eight weeks …