Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of The Female Athlete Triad On Performance: Both Physiologically And Psychologically, Constance Darlington

Honors Theses

The female athlete triad is a condition that is composed of an interaction of three separate disorders: low energy intake due to the presence of an eating disorder or disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, such as, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Separately, each disorder can affect performance; however, when the disorders are combined, the consequences are magnified. The female triad has a profound effect on an athlete's performance both physiologically and psychologically. The female athlete triad can affect any female athlete; however, it is more prevalent among the athletes that specialize in aesthetic sports or sports that emphasize leanness, for example, …

Assessment Of Balance In Collegiate Cheerleaders: Is Implementing A Balance Training Program A Good Idea?, Caitlin Carroll

Honors Theses

Cheerleading has evolved immensely over the years. Gone are the days of simply shaking pom poms and yelling "GO TEAM!" Flips, twists, and prime athletic ability are what can be seen on the sidelines of any collegiate football or basketball game. Cheerleaders in general are assumed to have an above average level of balance, due to the nature of their training and sport. However, with these new skills comes the increasing risk for injury, and this risk may differ according to a cheerleader's position. As with any sport, cheerleading has specific positions. The cheerleaders that are put into the air …

Prolonged Treadmill Walking In Healthy Participants With And Without The Use Of Foot Orthoses To Support The Medial Longitudinal Arch, Daisy K. Ng

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

In the research setting, instrumented treadmills are often used to study prolonged periods of walking. This thesis examines the effects of in-shoe foot orthoses on walking gait during prolonged periods of treadmill walking. The two types of foot orthoses investigated were: 1) a pedorthist hand-made orthotic with medial longitudinal arch (MLA) support and 2) a proprioceptive feedback-type orthotic designed to stimulate the intrinsic foot muscles of the MLA. The three kinematic variables observed over 60 minutes of intermittent treadmill walking were toe-out angle in the transverse plane, pelvic tilt angle in the sagittal plane, and trunk lean angle in the …

The Estimation Of Caloric Expenditure Using Three Triaxial Accelerometers, Tyrone Gene Ceaser

Doctoral Dissertations

Accelerometer-based activity monitors are commonly used to measure physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). Newly designed wrist and hip-worn triaxial accelerometers claim to accurately predict PAEE across a range of activities. Purpose: To determine if the Nike FuelBand (NFB), Fitbit (FB) and ActiGraph GT3X+ (AG) estimate PAEE in various activities. Methods: 21 healthy, college-aged adults wore a NFB on the right wrist, a FB on the left hip, and AG on the right hip, while performing 17 activities. AG data were analyzed using Freedson’s kcal regression equation. PAEE was measured using the Cosmed K4b² (K4). Repeated measures ANOVAs were used …

Analytical Research Topics In Sport Management, Gi-Yong Koo

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The field of sport management has grown tremendously as an academic discipline. Researchers have continuously discussed the scope and direction of research and the importance of the diversity of research design. There have been a significant number of studies examining the scope and direction of research over the past few decades such as: the lack of diversity in methodology; the lack of diversity in research focus; the lack of importance of power analysis; and the lack of diversity in topic areas. Embracing a variety of research designs is an absolutely necessary condition for the growth and credibility of sport management …

Manual Of Suggested Best Practices For Recovery In The 3 Hour Post-Exercise Window, Royale Lopez

Graduate Theses

No abstract provided.

Assessing Long-Term Outcomes In Individuals Undergoing Fasciotomy For Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome Of The Lower Leg, Nick Pasic

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study was a case series of 46 patients (mean age 30 years (SD ± 13.0) who underwent fasciotomy for treatment of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). We prospectively collected long-term patient-reported functional outcome using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and used existing pre-operative intracompartmental pressure testing data prior to and following exercise to determine the association between the LEFS and pre-operative pressure measurements At the time of follow-up, patients completed one LEFS questionnaire to assess their current health status, another to query their status at the time of best outcome, as well as a return-to-sport/satisfaction questionnaire.

In our …

Identifying Gait Abnormalities In Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome, Brook A. Russell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

OBJECTIVE: To determine the biomechanical gait characteristics and quality of life of adults with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and how their gait compares to the gait of healthy controls. METHODS: Gait analyses were performed on 18 participants (9 FAI, 9 control) while walking barefoot in the Wolf Orthopeadic Biomechanics Lab. In addition, FAI participants completed general and region specific quality of life questionnaires. RESULTS: Hip moment (5.2%BW*ht vs. 4.96%BW*ht), toe out angle (12.36 ° vs. 8.15°), and lateral (3.55° vs. 2.18°) and forward (4.34° vs. 3.93°) pelvic tilt were not statistically different between groups. Trunk lean (1.33° vs. 0.36°), hip flexion …

Adaptations Of Yoga: Christian Interpretations, Eleanor Freyhan Odenheimer

Doctoral Dissertations

The yogic phenomenon in the West is multi-dimensional and threads through areas of history (DeMichelis, 2008), market trends, fitness and exercise, medicine (Guarracino, Lazo, Savino, & Edelstein, 2006); religion and spirituality (DeMichelis, 2008); and health and wellness (Iyengar, 1989). Coakley (2004) called for “more information about the connections among various religious beliefs around the world, ideas of the body, and participation in physical activities and sports” (p. 543). A dearth of literature exists concerning the connections between how Christian beliefs, the dominant religion in the United States (Pew Research Center, 2008), related to the body and physical activity participation inform …

Helmet Use Among Outdoor Recreational Rock Climbers Across Disciplines: Factors Of Use And Non-Use., Kevin Henri Hogan Soleil

Masters Theses

The use of helmets in outdoor recreational rock climbing is a risk management practice meant to offer some protection to climbers in the event of falls and falling objects. Helmets are used inconsistently across many disciplines of rock climbing including top-rope, sport lead, traditional lead and belay. Though climbing accidents involving head injuries are rare, many tend to be severe. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate at which helmets are being used, discover the most significant personal and environmental factors that influence use and non-use and differences between disciplines. The study surveys (N = 1481) …

Laboratory And Field-Based Correlates Of Off-Road Cycling Performance, Joshua Adams

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

The aims of this study were to identify physiologic characteristics among trained off-road cyclists and correlate them with a field-based time trial to determine predictors of live performance. Fourteen trained male off-road cyclists were recruited for this study, and measured for maximum aerobic capacity (VO_2max), peak aerobic power (W_peak), maximum anaerobic power (W_max), time trial performance (sec), and climbing ability (vertical feet per second – VFS). VO_2max and W_peak were measured during an incremental cycling test to exhaustion, W_max was measured during a 30-second Wingate test and time trial, and VFS …

The Development, Validation, And Application Of The Motivation Scale Of Disability Sport Consumption (Msdsc), Michael Paul Cottingham Ii

Dissertations

Consumer motivation, “the driving force within individuals that impels them to action” (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2004, p. 87), assists in identifying why consumers attend sporting events, and if they plan to repatriate or consume merchandise and media (Byon, Cottingham, & Carroll, 2010; Kim, Greenwell, Andrew, Lee, & Mahony, 2008). The Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption (MSSC) (Trail & James, 2001), consisting of factors that identify specific consumer motives (Trail & James, 2001; Wann, 1995), was tested in the context of disability sport (Byon, Carroll, Cottingham, Grady, & Allen, 2011; Byon et al., 2010) but did not take into account motives …

A Rehabilitation Manual For Recovering Athletes With Glenoid Labral Tears, Haley Long

Graduate Theses

No abstract provided.

Be Fit To Ski; A Periodized Approach To Alpine Skiing Fitness, Susan Kramer

Graduate Theses

Alpine skiing is considered an explosive sport, requiring high-intensity repetitive muscular action. From the eighties through the early two thousands, studies have revealed the high demands placed on elite ski racers, although limited research has been conducted using recreational skiers. Expert recreational skiers and professional ski instructors are also exposed to high levels of muscular and cardiorespiratory stress, which is why it is beneficial to have a guideline for training and conditioning, much like other team and individual athletes. To date, there are few comprehensive training programs that treat the skier and professional ski instructor as an athlete who needs …

Biomechanical Differences Of Two Common Football Movement Tasks In Studded And Non-Studded Shoe Conditions On Infilled Synthetic Turf, Elizabeth Anne Brock

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine kinematic and kinetic differences in three shoe conditions (traditional football shoes with natural and synthetic turf studs and a neutral running shoe) during two common football movements (a 180° cut and a land-cut movement) on infilled synthetic turf. Fourteen recreational male football players performed five trials in all three shoe conditions for a 180° cut as well as a land-cut maneuver. The kinematic and kinetic variables were analyzed with a 3 x 2 (shoe x movement) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA, p<0.05). Peak free moment was significantly greater for the land-cut trials (p<0.001). Vertical GRFs were significantly greater for the land-cut trials (p<0.001). A cleat x movement interaction was seen for time to vertical impact GRF (p=0.048). A cleat main effect was found for time to vertical impact between natural turf cleat and synthetic turf cleat (p=0.019). Vertical loading rate was significantly greater in land-cut trials. Peak medial GRFs showed a significant cleat x movement interaction (p=0.002). The results from this study suggest that land-cut movement elicit greater vertical GRF and vertical impact loadings rates. The running shoe had significantly less dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) than the synthetic turf studs. A significant cleat main effect was found for peak eversion velocity (p=0.005). Post hoc comparisons showed that it was significantly smaller in shoe than that natural turf stud (p=0.016) and synthetic turf stud (p=0.002). In general, there was a lack of differences between the shoe conditions for GRFs and kinematic variables. For the 180° cut movement, natural turf studs produced lowest peak medial GRF compared to the synthetic turf studs and the shoe. The results from this study suggest that land-cut movement elicit greater vertical GRF and vertical impact loadings rates. In general, there was a lack of differences of GRFs and kinematic variables between the shoe conditions. For the 180° cut movement, natural turf studs produced lowest peak medial GRF compared to the synthetic turf studs and the shoe. Overall, increased GRFs, especially in combination with rapid change of direction and deceleration may increase the chance of injury.

The Effect Of Ad Libitum Hydration On Cognitive Function Following Exercise In The Heat, Matthew Wittbrodt

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of different hydration strategies on physiological and cognitive variables after an exercise bout in the heat. On three occasions, twelve males performed three heat stress tests of 50min at 60%VO_2peak in a hot environment (32°C; 65%RH). The heat stress tests differed in hydration strategy to be implemented during exercise (NF: no fluid, AL: ad libitum, FR: full fluid replacement). A cognitive battery was administered pre-­ and post-­exercise to examine alterations in cognition. Fluid loss during NF was greater than the AL and FR (NF: 1.54 %; AL: 0.29 …

The Effects Of Upper Body Vs Lower Body Training On Rate-Pressure Product, Zanae Baird

Master's Theses

Lower body activities such as walking, running, and cycling have traditionally been used as the activity mode during physiological exercise testing. Interest in specific responses to upper extremity exercise has increased since upper body cycle ergometry became an important alternative exercise mode in the 1970s. Previous research on upper extremity exercise utilized upper body cycle ergometry or a standard push-pull rowing movement. Few upper extremity studies measured rate-pressure product. The purpose of this study was to compare rate-pressure product between lower extremity exercise utilizing upright cycling and primarily upper extremity exercise on a double arm swing Ski Erg ergometer. Hemodynamic …

Golf: An Alternative Form Of Physical Activity For An Aging Population, Lisa Richardson

Honors Theses

It has been found that breaking an exercise into multiple ten minute bouts can provide the same results as a lump bout of the same time (American College of Sports Medicine, 2010). Though little research has been done on its effectiveness as a modality of physical activity, golf, due to the considerable amounts of walking involved and the social and leisure nature of the game, could be used as an option of physical activity for older adults. In this literature review, the primary goal is to investigate the literature regarding how much energy an older adult could predictably expend while …

Hip Abductor Strength And Hip External Rotator Strength Effects On Medial Knee Displacement In Post Pubescent Females, Megan A. Barry

Master's Theses

ABSTRACT

Hip Abductor Strength and Hip External Rotator Strength Effects on Medial Knee Displacement in Post-Pubescent Females

Megan A. Barry, University of Connecticut

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between hip abductor (ABD) and hip external rotator (ER) strength with medial knee displacement (MKD) when in post-pubescent high school female athletes.

Methods: Twenty-five post-pubescent high school female athletes (age= 16 ±1, mass= 58.6 kg ± 7.4 kg, height= 166 cm ± 8 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Maximal isometric hip ABD and ER strength were measured using hand-held dynamometry, and MKD …

The Effect Of Different Set-Repetition Protocols On Squat Technique In Resistance Trained Individuals, Ashley Pandit

Master's Theses

The effect of different set-repetition protocols on squat technique in resistance trained individuals.

Pandit, AL, Kraemer, WJ, Hooper, DR.

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether or not the increase in repetitions within a set will change the technique of the exercise, and how repetition number in a set affects exercise technique in resistance trained individuals in three different set-repetition protocols equated by total volume.

Methods: 10 men (24.3 ± 2.8 yrs; 179.7 ± 5.7 cm; 85.5 ± 12.5 kg) and 10 women (23.9 ± 2.4 yrs; 166.2 ± 9.1 cm; 66.8 ± 8.4 kg) were the …

Sudden Death In Sport At The Secondary School Level: A Perspective Of The Head Football Coach, Benjamin Mcgrath

Master's Theses

Context: Prior research has examined the first aid knowledge and decision making among high school coaches, but little is known about their knowledge of sudden death in sport or their relationship with an athletic trainer. Objective: Evaluate the knowledge of the secondary school football coach regarding sudden death in sport and their relationship with their athletic trainer. Results: There were four themes from the data: level of preparedness, misconceptions about sudden death in sport, activity modification strategies, and positive coach/athletic trainer relationships. Conclusion: The secondary coach is unaware of the potential causes of sudden death in sport …

Examination Of Preseason Hydration Strategy Of Ncaa Division I Men's Soccer Athletes, Lesley Willis

Master's Theses

Context: Dehydration can have negative effects on performance and mood during intense exercise.

Objective: To examine a soccer program to determine the effectiveness of their hydration protocol during preseason training.

Design: 9-day mixed methods study of preseason training sessions (97.3±21.3 min) and scrimmages (123±14.1 min) for men’s soccer athletes on an NCAA division I soccer team with post-hoc interviews of staff members.

Setting: Outdoor soccer field and indoor training facility.

Participants:21 male NCAA division I soccer athletes (age 20±1 years, height 187.5±2 cm).

Main Outcome Measures: Hydration (BML ,U_col­, USG, U_osmo), Mood (thirst, thermal, ESQ, POMS), …

A Description Of The Movement Of The Canine Pelvic Limb In Three Dimensions Using An Inverse Dynamics Method, And A Comparison Of Two Techniques To Surgically Repair A Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficient Stifle, Jason Headrick

Doctoral Dissertations

The purposes of the dissertation were: 1) to describe three-dimensional (3D) motion of the canine pelvic limb using an inverse dynamics method, and 2) to compare these motion patterns between normal, healthy dogs and those that have had their stifles stabilized by one of two surgical methods approximately five years earlier.

Twenty-five dogs were allocated to three groups; healthy control dogs, dogs that had received the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), and dogs that had received the lateral fabellar suture (LFS) stabilization technique. Both surgical techniques were performed approximately five years prior on stifles with surgically induced cranial cruciate ligament …

“It Was Fight Or Flight...And Flight Was Not An Option”: An Existential Phenomenological Investigation Of Military Service Members’ Experience Of Hand-To-Hand Combat, Peter Richard Jensen

Doctoral Dissertations

Hand-to-hand combat is one of the more psychologically challenging performance environments for those in the military (Grossman, 1995). Even with the technological advances of modern warfare military leaders still believe hand-to-hand combat is an important and relevant challenge for service members (Blanton, 2007; Clark, 2009; Collins, 2007; Wojdakowski, 2007; Wood & Micaelson, 2000). Despite its importance, the hand-to-hand combat experience has, to date, attracted very little research attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore military service members’ experiences of hand-to-hand combat. To accomplish this objective, phenomenological interviews were conducted with 17 male military service members. Each participant …

Duration Of The Effects Of Three Static Stretching Conditions With Or Without A Dynamic Warm-Up In College Age Adults, Spencer Blackwell, Andrew Blomberg, Jonathan Griffith

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the stretching duration (15, 30, 60 seconds) with or without a dynamic warm-up that resulted in the longest lasting acute effects in hamstring flexibility.

Subjects. Forty subjects (17 male, 23 female) (age: 20-35 years) were selected to participate in this study using a sample of convenience from university graduate students.

Methods. This study contained 7 treatment conditions in which each subject completed in random order. Three groups consisted of a 5-minute treadmill warm-up at a self-selected velocity (SSV) followed by one of three stretching durations (15, 30, or 60 sec). …

The Effect Of The Environment On Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (Scat2) Scores, Deanna Smith

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

With the incidence of concussion in sport on the rise, it is crucial that the concussion assessment tools utilized by health care professionals be accurately administered in the appropriate setting. It may be important to consider the environment of test administration between baseline and post-injury assessment to allow appropriate return to play decisions. At present, there is limited research on the effect of testing environment on Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2) baseline scores. Our objective for the study was to investigate if testing environment affects SCAT2 scores in healthy male collegiate club lacrosse players and healthy female club soccer …

The Capability Of The Functional Movement Screen To Predict Injury In Division I Male And Female Track And Field Athletes, Brent Matthew Appel

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Track and field, formally know as athletics, formed part of the first Olympics in 776 BC and was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 (Quercetany, 2000). Ever since the creation of this sport, sport related injury has followed. The inevitability of musculoskeletal injury associated with sports in general is well known amongst its participants, and the people who research it. According to the NCAA Injury Surveillance System, a sixteen year sampling period (1988 through 2004), recorded 182,000 injuries (Hootman, Dick, & Agel, 2007). Despite the risk for injury, people continue to participate in track and field. During …

A Comparison Of Three Bicycle Pedal Types And Power Output, Brandon Kuhn

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine the power output over a 30-second maximum effort bicycle sprint with three different pedal types; clipless, toe-strap, and flat. The participants for this investigation were eight (7 males and 1 female) mountain bikers with ages between 20 and 55 ( Age = 40) from the Central Kansas Mountain Bike Club. Each participant was required to provide his or her own bicycle and the researchers provided the training stand, Saris CycleOps PowerTap rear wheel, and Garmin Edge 500 cycling computer used for data collection. Testing procedure consisted of a warmup, 30- second maximal …

The Culture Of Risk, Pain, And Injury Among Certified Athletic Trainers, Anastasia Elizabeth Nemec

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: Athletes who participate in sport experience the risk of pain and injury. In today’s sports culture, playing with pain and injury has been normalized, which can leave athletes with severe chronic injury, incessant pain, and potential irreversible damage. Certified athletic trainers (ATCs) uphold a professional responsibility to manage injuries and care for the health of athletes under their attention. According to Nixon (1992), ATCs are members of a social network found in sport, called a “sportsnet.” Nixon has blamed sportsnet members, including ATCs, for the normalization of injury in sport - a charge that contradicts ATCs’ standards of practice …

"Just Trying To Keep My Head Above Water": Division I Freshman Female Athletes' Experience Of Their First Semester, Aslynn C. Halvorson

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.