Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Design Rules For The Nucleation, Growth, And Encapsulation Of Gold Nanoparticles With Applications To Cancer Imaging, Matthew A. Wall

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles are exciting candidates for high-precision cancer imaging due to their highly specific spectral signature (Raman “fingerprint”) and propensity for passive targeting of cancerous tissues. However, the signal intensity of currently available SERS nanoparticles is insufficient for cancer imaging via passive targeting in most solid tumors. The overarching aim of this body of work is to develop a new generation of SERS nanoparticles with sufficiently low limits of detection to enable robust detection of various solid tumors in vivo.

The complexity of SERS nanoparticles requires significant advances to the theoretical and experimental understanding of metal …

Multilevel Analysis Of Individual, Neighborhood, And Health Care Facility Characteristics Associated With Achievement And Maintenance Of Hiv Viral Suppression Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With Hiv In New York City, Ellen W. Wiewel

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Objective

To investigate the effect of individual, health care facility, and neighborhood characteristics on achievement and maintenance of HIV viral suppression, among New York City residents aged 13 years and older diagnosed with HIV between 2006 and 2012.

Methods

I used individual-level data from the New York City HIV surveillance registry and Case Surveillance-Based Sampling, facility-level data from the surveillance registry, and neighborhood-level data from the U.S. Census and American Community Survey. The outcomes of interest were first viral suppression after diagnosis (Aims 1 and 3; ≤400 copies/mL) and virologic failure after first suppression among persons who achieved suppression (Aim …

Hpcnmf: A High-Performance Toolbox For Non-Negative Matrix Factorization, Karthik Devarajan, Guoli Wang

COBRA Preprint Series

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a widely used machine learning algorithm for dimension reduction of large-scale data. It has found successful applications in a variety of fields such as computational biology, neuroscience, natural language processing, information retrieval, image processing and speech recognition. In bioinformatics, for example, it has been used to extract patterns and profiles from genomic and text-mining data as well as in protein sequence and structure analysis. While the scientific performance of NMF is very promising in dealing with high dimensional data sets and complex data structures, its computational cost is high and sometimes could be critical for …

Depression In Mexican Americans With Diagnosed And Undiagnosed Diabetes, Rene L. Olvera, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, Douglas E. Williamson, Kristina Vatcheva, Joseph B. Mccormick

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Depression and diabetes commonly co-occur; however, the strength of the physiological effects of diabetes as mediating factors towards depression is uncertain.

Method: We analyzed extensive clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data from n = 2081 Mexican Americans aged 35-64 years, recruited from the community as part of the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC) divided into three groups: Diagnosed (self-reported) diabetes (DD, n = 335), Undiagnosed diabetes (UD, n = 227) and No diabetes (ND, n = 1519). UD participants denied being diagnosed with diabetes, but on testing met the 2010 American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization definitions of diabetes. …

Binomial Regression With A Misclassified Covariate And Outcome, Sheng Luo, Wenyaw Chan, Michelle A Detry, Paul J Massman, R S. Doody

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Misclassification occurring in either outcome variables or categorical covariates or both is a common issue in medical science. It leads to biased results and distorted disease-exposure relationships. Moreover, it is often of clinical interest to obtain the estimates of sensitivity and specificity of some diagnostic methods even when neither gold standard nor prior knowledge about the parameters exists. We present a novel Bayesian approach in binomial regression when both the outcome variable and one binary covariate are subject to misclassification. Extensive simulation results under various scenarios and a real clinical example are given to illustrate the proposed approach. This approach …

A Test Of Symmetry Based On The Kernel Kullback-Leibler Information With Application To Base Deficit Data, Hani M. Samawi, Robert L. Vogel

Biostatistics: Faculty Publications

The assumption of the symmetry of the underlying distribution is important to many statistical inference and modeling procedures. This paper provides a test of symmetry using kernel density estimation and the Kullback-Leibler information. Based on simulation studies, the new test procedure outperforms other tests of symmetry found in the literature, including the Runs Test of Symmetry. We illustrate our new procedure using real data.

Creating A Better World With Information And Communication Technologies: Health Equity, Sajda Qureshi

Information Systems and Quantitative Analysis Faculty Publications

When news broke on 23rd July 2014, that a case of the deadly virus Ebola had been confirmed in Lagos, home to about 21 million people and a major transportation hub, the World held its breath. If not contained, this virus could spread quickly killing a multitude of people around the World. By 15th October, cases of Ebola had been recorded around the World: Liberia reported 4249 cases with 2458 deaths, Sierra Leone reported 3252 cases with 1183 deaths, Guinea 1472 cases with 843 deaths, Nigeria reported 20 cases with 8 deaths, the USA reported 3 cases and 1 death, …

Models For Hsv Shedding Must Account For Two Levels Of Overdispersion, Amalia Magaret

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

We have frequently implemented crossover studies to evaluate new therapeutic interventions for genital herpes simplex virus infection. The outcome measured to assess the efficacy of interventions on herpes disease severity is the viral shedding rate, defined as the frequency of detection of HSV on the genital skin and mucosa. We performed a simulation study to ascertain whether our standard model, which we have used previously, was appropriately considering all the necessary features of the shedding data to provide correct inference. We simulated shedding data under our standard, validated assumptions and assessed the ability of 5 different models to reproduce the …

Jainism And Nonviolence: From Mahavira To Modern Times, Lana E. Sims

The Downtown Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal Written and Peer-Reviewed by Mandel Honors College Students at Cleveland State University

The research contained in this paper focuses on the religion of Jainism, its main principle of ahimsa, or nonviolence, and how that philosophy has evolved over the years, eventually inspiring today’s nonviolent movements. First, a look will be taken at the origin of Jainism, with a brief explanation of its most important principles and beliefs. Then, ahimsa is explained as it has been traditionally perceived by Jains. The recent evolution of the meaning of ahimsa and its impact on modern nonviolence movements is discussed, with a focus on the influence of second-generation Jains in the United States on the …

Misericordia University Faculty Research And Scholarly Work, Misericordia University

University Authors 2015-2016

No abstract provided.

Enhanced Control Of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Neurophysiology With Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Rt-Fmri) Neurofeedback Training And Working Memory Practice, Matthew Sherwood, Jessica Kane, Michael Patrick Weisend, Jason G. Parker

Wright State Research Institute Publications

Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback can be used to train localized, conscious regulation of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals. As a therapeutic technique, rt-fMRI neurofeedback reduces the symptoms of a variety of neurologic disorders. To date, few studies have investigated the use of self-regulation training using rt-fMRI neurofeedback to enhance cognitive performance. This work investigates the utility of rt-fMRI neurofeedback as a tool to enhance human cognition by training healthy individuals to consciously control activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A cohort of 18 healthy participants in the experimental group underwent rt-fMRI neurofeedback from the left …

A Global Meta-Analysis Of Forest Bioenergy Greenhouse Gas Emission Accounting Studies, T Buchholz, M D. Hurteau, J Gunn, David Saah

Environmental Science

The potential greenhouse gas benefits of displacing fossil energy with biofuels are driving policy development in the absence of complete information. The potential carbon neutrality of forest biomass is a source of considerable scientific debate because of the complexity of dynamic forest ecosystems, varied feedstock types, and multiple energy production pathways. The lack of scientific consensus leaves decision makers struggling with contradicting technical advice. Analyzing previously published studies, our goal was to identify and prioritize those attributes of bioenergy greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions analysis that are most influential on length of carbon payback period. We investigated outcomes of 59 previously …

An Efficient Basket Trial Design, Kristen Cunanan, Alexia Iasonos, Ronglai Shen, Colin B. Begg, Mithat Gonen

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics Working Paper Series

The landscape for early phase cancer clinical trials is changing dramatically due to the advent of targeted therapy. Increasingly, new drugs are designed to work against a target such as the presence of a specific tumor mutation. Since typically only a small proportion of cancer patients will possess the mutational target, but the mutation is present in many different cancers, a new class of basket trials is emerging, whereby the drug is tested simultaneously in different baskets, i.e., sub-groups of different tumor types. Investigators not only desire to test whether the drug works, but also to determine which types of …

The Use Of Ipad Pros As An Assistive Device In Occupational Therapy, Osorio Lana

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

RESEARCH QUESTION: How can IPADS be used as an assistive devices for children and adults with disabilities? A literature review was conducted using the keywords, in order to find articles about using iPads as a therapeutic device. As a result it was concluded that iPads due to its versatility and popularity has made great progress as a therapeutic tool. Apps recommended as having a therapeutic purpose were also purchased and installed. The iPads will be used as a learning device amongst the Health Science Programs at Cleveland State University. KEYWORDS: iPad, assistive technology, occupational therapy, tablet, allied health, assistive therapeutic …

Cloud Overlap Of Cumuliform Clouds In The Shallow Boundary Layer, William Calabrase

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

Cloud albedo, or the proportion of sunlight reflected by a cloud, has a significant impact on the Earth's radiation budget and is strongly influenced by cloud shape. It is a major source of uncertainty in climate modeling. To characterize the shape of shallow cumulus clouds we study the behavior of the cloud overlap ratio, the ratio between the average cloud fraction and projected cloud cover. In this study, we use a high resolution computer model (LES) to 1) determine how the cloud overlap ratio of a cloud field is related to the overlap of individual clouds, and 2) to study …

A Competitive Random Sequential Adsorption Model For Immunoassay Activity, Dana Mackey, Eilis Kelly, Robert Nooney

Conference papers

Immunoassays rely on highly specific reactions between antibodies and antigens and are used in biomedical diagnostics applications to detect biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Antibody immobilization to solid interfaces through random adsorption is a widely used technique but has the disadvantage of severely reducing the antigen binding activity and, consequently, the assay performance. This paper proposes a simple mathematical framework, based on the theory known as competitive random sequential adsorption (CRSA), for describing how the activity of immobilized antibodies depends on their orientation and packing density and generalizes a previous model by introducing the antibody aspect ratio as an …

Detectable Viral Load In Late Pregnancy Among Women In The Rwanda Option B+ Pmtct Program: Enrollment Results From The Kabeho Study., Michelle M Gill, Heather J Hoffman, Emily A Bobrow, Placidie Mugwaneza, Dieudonne Ndatimana, Gilles F Ndayisaba, Cyprien Baribwira, Laura Guay, Anita Asiimwe

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

There are limited viral load (VL) data available from programs implementing "Option B+," lifelong antiretroviral treatment (ART) to all HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum women, in resource-limited settings. Extent of viral suppression from a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV program in Rwanda was assessed among women enrolled in the Kigali Antiretroviral and Breastfeeding Assessment for the Elimination of HIV (Kabeho) Study. ARV drug resistance testing was conducted on women with VL>2000 copies/ml. In April 2013-January 2014, 608 pregnant or early postpartum HIV-positive women were enrolled in 14 facilities. Factors associated with detectable enrollment VL (>20 copies/ml) were examined …

Effect Of P38 Kinase And Cell Cycle Position On The Expression Of The Pro-Apoptotic Bcl2 Family Member Puma In Skeletal Myoblasts, Victoria Bensimon, Briana Boslett

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

Skeletal muscle regeneration relies on myoblast stem cell differentiation and is a crucial response to muscle injury caused by trauma and numerous diseases. In skeletal myoblasts, cell death and differentiation are mutually exclusive biological endpoints that are both induced by culture in differentiation media. MyoD, the master muscle- specific transcription factor, is well-known to regulate the expression of muscle specific genes such as myogenin and the ensuing differentiation. However, we have previously reported that MyoD also plays a critical role in the expression of PUMA and apoptosis, rather than myogenin and differentiation, in a subset of myoblasts, thus diminishing the …

Male Pattern Baldness In Relation To Prostate Cancer–Specific Mortality: A Prospective Analysis In The Nhanes I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study, Cindy Ke Zhou, Paul H Levine, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, Barry I Graubard, Michael B. Cook

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

We used male pattern baldness as a proxy for long-term androgen exposure and investigated the association of dermatologist-assessed hair loss with prostate cancer–specific mortality in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. From the baseline survey (1971–1974), we included 4,316 men who were 25–74 years of age and had no prior cancer diagnosis. We estimated hazard ratios and used Cox proportional hazards regressions with age as the time metric and baseline hazard stratified by baseline age. A hybrid framework was used to account for stratification and clustering of the sample design, with adjustment for the variables …

Privacy And Accountability In Black-Box Medicine, Roger Allan Ford, W. Nicholson Price Ii

Law Faculty Scholarship

Black-box medicine—the use of big data and sophisticated machine learning techniques for health-care applications—could be the future of personalized medicine. Black-box medicine promises to make it easier to diagnose rare diseases and conditions, identify the most promising treatments, and allocate scarce resources among different patients. But to succeed, it must overcome two separate, but related, problems: patient privacy and algorithmic accountability. Privacy is a problem because researchers need access to huge amounts of patient health information to generate useful medical predictions. And accountability is a problem because black-box algorithms must be verified by outsiders to ensure they are accurate and …

A Descriptive Study Of The Effect Of Payer Source On Multiple Longitudinal Outcome Measures Within The Tbi Model Systems National Database Using Longitudinal Hlm Analyses, Melissa Carole Hofmann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Using longitudinal data from the TBIMS ND, this study utilized a longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling approach to describe the effect of primary payer source on individual level change in outcomes including the FIM and DRS. To facilitate the use of parametric statistics, Rasch-transformed FIM and DRS scores were utilized; thus approaching an interval level of measurement. The FIM was separated into 3 separate cognitive, mobility, and self-care subscales. In this way, rehabilitation professionals including speech, physical, and occupational therapists for this TBI sample could reference results to inform current clinical practice.

Results indicated that FIM and DRS trajectories were best …

Best Practices To Increase Efficacy Of Graduate School Admissions Communications At Clark University, Diana Curran, Nikki Feinberg, Mitchell Kelley, Ruiqi Li, Anning Zhou

School of Professional Studies

Within the period of time that a graduate student deposits and subsequently arrives at their academic institution, receiving timely information is important for their preparation. This process has been deemed by the Deans of the Enterprise Schools at Clark University as one that needs further investigation. As such, this Capstone looks at the array of communication that goes out to each graduate student during this four-month period. The purpose of examining this communication is to analyze its effectiveness in engaging students. To analyze the effectiveness of this communication, surveys were distributed to current students in these schools to gather data …

2016 Abstracts Student Research Conference, Student Research Conference

Student Research Conference Select Presentations

No abstract provided.

Journal Of The Arkansas Academy Of Science - Volume 70 2016, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Modeling Of Blood Coagulation, Joana L. Perdomo

HMC Senior Theses

Blood coagulation is a series of biochemical reactions that take place to form a blood clot. Abnormalities in coagulation, such as under-clotting or over- clotting, can lead to significant blood loss, cardiac arrest, damage to vital organs, or even death. Thus, understanding quantitatively how blood coagulation works is important in informing clinical decisions about treating deficiencies and disorders. Quantifying blood coagulation is possible through mathematical modeling. This review presents different mathematical models that have been developed in the past 30 years to describe the biochemistry, biophysics, and clinical applications of blood coagulation research. This review includes the strengths and limitations …

Socioecological Factors Influencing Women's Hiv Risk In The United States: Qualitative Findings From The Women's Hiv Seroincidence Study (Hptn 064)., Paula M Frew, Kimberly Parker, Linda Vo, Danielle Haley, Ann O'Leary, Dazon Dixon Diallo, Carol E Golin, Irene Kuo, Lydia Soto-Torres, Jing Wang, Adaora A Adimora, Laura A Randall, Carlos Del Rio, Sally Hodder, Hiv Prevention Trials Network 064 (Htpn) Study Team.

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: We sought to understand the multilevel syndemic factors that are concurrently contributing to the HIV epidemic among women living in the US. We specifically examined community, network, dyadic, and individual factors to explain HIV vulnerability within a socioecological framework.

METHODS: We gathered qualitative data (120 interviews and 31 focus groups) from a subset of women ages 18-44 years (N = 2,099) enrolled in the HPTN 064 HIV seroincidence estimation study across 10 US communities. We analyzed data from 4 diverse locations: Atlanta, New York City (the Bronx), Raleigh, and Washington, DC. Data were thematically coded using grounded theory methodology. …

Sequential And Dynamic Rna:Rna Base-Pairing Interactions Between U6atac And U12 Snrnas Predicted To Form Helix 1a And Helix 1b, Maitri Patel, Jagjit Singh

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

In eukaryotes, pre-mRNA splicing is important step for gene expression. Splicing is a two-step process which is carried out by a multi-megadalton molecular weight ribonucleoprotein (RNP) machinery called spliceosome. Spliceosome converts pre- mRNA to mRNA by removing non-coding sequence (introns) and splice together coding sequence (exons). Mammalian pre-mRNA are spliced by two different class of spliceosomes which are known as U2- and U12- dependent spliceosomes. U12 dependent spliceosome is composed of five small nuclear RNAs (snRNA). As compared to U2-dependent spliceosome, there is very less known about the catalytic process of U12-dependent splicing. U6atac and U12 snRNA are central to …

Bioinformatic Analysis Of The Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger Protein In Plasmodium Yoelii, Jamira Virk, Raghavendra Yadavalli

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

Since its discovery over 100 years ago, malaria has been the most important parasitic disease in the world. Malaria affects about 300 to 500 million people every year; killing 5 million people every year. The most virulent causative agent in humans is Plasmodium falciparum; it is an important member of the phylum Apicomplexa, which also includes Toxoplasma gondii. These organisms contain specialized, unique structures, including rhoptry organelles. In Plasmodium and Toxoplasma gondii, they assist invasion into the host cell. Analyses have been performed on proteins located in rhoptries in Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. Among the proteins that have been analyzed, the …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Lectin Mimetics (Neo-Lectins), Czharena Kay Rama, Joshua Whited

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

The cell surface expresses a variety of carbohydrates such as glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids. They play critical roles in pathological and physiological processes, including cell signaling, immune responses, pathogen-host interactions, tumor metastasis, and other cellular events. Due to its function and uses in cell communication, it is a curious subject of observation for scientific research. The molecular mechanism of carbohydrate recognition is still undetermined, and lectins, sugar binding proteins, are used to analyze the particular structures expressed on the cell surface. Lectins are normally found in plants and animals, and the isolation process of lectins is laborious, toxic, immunogenic and …

Dialects Accents And Intelligence: A Study On Dialectal Perceptions, Taylor Moore

Undergraduate Research Posters 2016

Speech language pathologists are given the tools to help clients with a wide range of pathologies. Issues relating to speech, hearing, swallowing, etc can all benefit from a Speech language pathologist's insight. One area that can be difficult is dialect. People across America speak with many different dialects and speech language pathologists are taught to recognize these differences but not correct them. Dialect showcases culture but does not define intelligence. Dialects like African American Venacular English are rule governed systems of communication (Carter, 2012). The research done on AAVE is seemingly endless (Baugh, 1983; Pearson,2013; Robinson,2011; Carter 2010; Bronstein,1970......) and …