Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Penicillin Allergy Assessment And Skin Testing In The Outpatient Setting, Wesley D. Kufel, Julie Ann Justo, P. Brandon Bookstaver, Lisa M. Avery

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Penicillin allergies are among of the most commonly reported allergies, yet only 10% of these patients are truly allergic. This leads to potential inadvertent negative consequences for patients and makes treatment decisions challenging for clinicians. Thus, allergy assessment and penicillin skin testing (PST) are important management strategies to reconcile and clarify labeled penicillin allergies. While PST is more common in the inpatient setting where the results will immediately impact antibiotic management, this process is becoming of increasing importance in the outpatient setting. PST in the outpatient setting allows clinicians to proactively de-label and educate patients accordingly so beta-lactam antibiotics may …

Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®): Therapeutic Use And Financial Implications, Courtney Porter, Joshua Ilenin, Lisa Berni, Ashley Overy, Karen L. Kier

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Although mortality rates have been declining, prostate cancer accounts for a large percentage of cancer diagnoses around the world. Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®), an autologous cellular immunotherapy targeted against the antigen expressed in most prostate cancers, has been shown to increase the median survival rate of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Even so, the therapeutic risks and benefits, as well as financial implications, all currently play a role in the governmental decision to reimburse for this new therapy.

An Update On Gestational Diabetes, Jamie L. Amero, Jennifer L. Bauer, Sarah M. Webb, Ryan A. Fischer, Lindsey A. Hallman, Sandra L. Hrometz

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Gestational diabetes is a concern for a large number of pregnant women due to the potential for long-term complications for both the mother and the fetus. With the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the general public, the number of pregnant women with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus has also increased. In order to adequately educate their patients, it is important for pharmacists to be aware of the general practices of treating gestational diabetes. This review will highlight recent updates to initial screening, the criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes, and current management strategies.

Treatment Options For Seasonal Affective Disorder, Lauren D. Bajbus, Amanda M. Meyer, Kristen M. Quertinmont, Sarah E. Drake, Alison L. Huet, Shane Martin

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Many patients who have undiagnosed Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) may come into the pharmacy to try to self-treat their symptoms with over-the-counter and herbal drugs. Often, patients don't recognize their symptoms as a true depressive disorder since they are not constant. The pharmacist has the opportunity to talk to these patients, educate them on the disease state and explain that they do have options, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic. It also is important for pharmacists to point out any interactions that the herbal or over-the-counter medications may have with other medications and to refer patients to their physician for further treatment. …

The Pharmacogenetics Of Opioid Pain Management, Maryanne Ventura, Lauren Desko, Kimberly Gathers, Ashley Overy, David Kisor

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

High rates of interpatient variability in drug metabolism and drug response for nearly all medications lead to the hypothesis that assessment of an individual patient's genotype with respect to their ability metabolize certain drugs can be a useful tool in predicting a patient's responsiveness to certain medications. Evaluating patients using pharmacogenomics as a basis for assessment could allow pharmacists to decide which treatment options would be most efficacious in a given patient and, thereby, have significant impact in the clinical setting. This holds true especially in the case of prodrugs, which require in vivo activation to an active or more …

Pediatric Poisoning: Overview, Treatment, And Prevention, Margaret Rowland, Taylor Gauthier, Kaitlin Sanders, Caitlin Swann, David Bright

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Pediatric poisoning remains a common and preventable occurrence in the United States. Every year, prescription and over-the-counter medications account for a significant portion of documented poison exposures. Frequent causes of overdose in children include improper medication storage and caregiver or physician dosing error. As easily accessible medication experts, pharmacists have an opportunity to counsel patients in an effort to decrease these preventable poisoning cases. Because children frequently ingest products prescribed for adult use, pharmacist should relay safety considerations to all patients, regardless of age. This article provides a general review of toxicity concerns, discusses clinical implications of common medications resulting …

Healthy People 2020: Identifying Roles For Pharmacists In Public Health, Ellen Hazelet, Aisha Oliver, Katherine Salay, Breanne Rizzo, Alison L. Huet, Natalie Dipietro

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Healthy People, sponsored by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, utilizes evidence-based medicine to create objectives addressing significant preventable health issues. The vision of Healthy People is to improve the quality and length of life free from preventable disease, disability, injury and death. Based on objectives outlined by Healthy People 2020 (HP 2020) pharmacists can play a role in public awareness, collaborate with other health care professionals and help achieve goals set forth by HP 2020. Based on the expertise and accessibility of the pharmacist, pharmacists can impact nine of the 13 new focus areas pf HP …

Prescription Drug Manufacturer Attempts To Prevent Abuse Of Controlled Substances, Amanda R. Hoersten, Nathaniel Hedrick, Lacey Shumate, H. Paige Stewart, Caitlin Swann, Michael Milks

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

In the United States, prescription drug abuse is on the rise. This trend has impacted the makers of OxyContin®, as well as the manufacturers of other controlled substances,to reevaluate how they formulate their products, resulting in medications, that are more difficult to abuse. These abuse-deterrent formulations utilize physical, chemical and aversion barriers, specific delivery systems, and prodrug technology to prevent abuse. Additionally, some manufacturers have implemented the use of risk-management campaigns and education programs, to reduce the misuse of their products. Working together with prescription drug manufacturers, pharmacists play an important role in preventing abuse and educating patients on the …

Will New Mrsa Guidelines Make A Difference In Clinical Outcomes? A Comparison Of United States And United Kingdom Guidelines And Outcomes, Kelly Fargo, Erica Schoenberger, Kristen Thatcher, Lindsey Hallman, Andrew Roecker, Tarek Mahfouz

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

As of February 2011, the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) published the first guidelines assessing the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. S. aureus is present in the environment and is also located on the skin's surface. MRSA can cause a variety of clinical syndromes presenting with different symptoms that vary with the type and stage of the infection. MRSA is also classified into community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) and hospital-acquired (HA-MRSA), both of which possess different treatment options and strategies. Due to the complex treatment of MRSA, as well the concern over the development of resistance, suggested treatment guidelines …

Letter To The Editor, Olivia Hiddleson

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

No abstract provided.

Pharmacy Colleges: A Highly Controversial Test, Tana M. Peterman, Brieann Miller

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

As substance abuse continues to be problematic on college campuses across the United States, pharmacy colleges in particular are faced with the challenge of deterring drug abuse among their students. Many pharmacy schools are considering the adoption of student drug -screening policies in hopes of discouraging abuse, directing impaired students to treatment, and, ultimately, protecting the public. However, these policies are being met with apprehension in regards to added costs, Fourth Amendment rights violations, and privacy concerns. Drug-screening policies continue to be an issue of deliberation for pharmacy colleges, requiring much consideration and care.

Pharmacotherapeutic Study Of Antiretroviral Therapy For Hiv/Aids Patients At The Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria, Isiaka Adebowale Ayeni Pharm., Adelanwa Oludele Itiola Prof, Tajudeen Temitayo Adebayo Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

A 6-12 months retrospective study is made of HAART utilization in cases of HIV/AIDS patients at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria. The objective to evaluate the rational pharmacotherapeutic approach to the management of the retroviral disease. Sixty two (62) antiretroviral drug-naive HIV/AIDS patients, which comprise of (19) 30.65% males with a mean age of 37.15±8.55 years and (43) 69.35% females with a mean age of 35.68±9.75 years case files are reviewed. The data used for this study was extracted from the clinical records of the Hospital. Sixty six percent of the patients are at World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage …

Imatinib Mesylate Effects On Zebrafish Reproductive Success: Gonadal Development, Gamete Quality, Fertility, Embryo-Larvae Viability And Development, And Related Genes, Nader Ahmadi, Seyed-Mohammadreza Samaee, Robert A. Yokel, Aliasghar Tehrani

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Imatinib (IM) is a tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor (TKI) used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia. Clinical case reports and a few laboratory mammal studies provide inconclusive evidence about its deleterious effects on reproduction. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of zebrafish to characterize IM-induced effects on reproduction and clarify IM effects on reproductive success. To this end, we exposed adult zebrafish to four concentrations of IM for 30 days followed by a 30-day depuration period. IM exposure caused a concentration-dependent, irreversible, suppression of folliculogenesis, reversible decrease in sperm density and motility, decreased fecundity and fertility, …

September 2019, Randy Curry, Cindy Brooks

RURAL ROCKS

Rural Rocks, the Rural Health Network newsletter by the SWOSU College of Pharmacy

Osteoarthritis: Natural Supplements For Joint Health, Katherine Salay, Kimberly Gathers, Lindsey Mcclish, Lisa Vranekovic, Kristen Seaman, Ryan W. Naseman

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

An estimated 46 million adults in the U.S. are affected by arthritis, with osteoarthritis (OA) being the most common. Due to the limited pharmacologic therapy available to treat this condition, many patients are turning to dietary supplements to relieve their symptoms. Some of the most popular supplements available for the treatment of OA are glucosamine, chrondroitin and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), but many less studied products are also available. Due to limited evidence of efficacy, it is difficult to make a strong recommendation for any of these products; however, pharmacists must be able to educate the patients that choose to use these …

The Importance Of Early Diagnosis And Treatment Of Postpartum Depression, Sarah E. Drake, Alison L. Huet, Tana M. Peterman, Jamie L. Drees, Robert D. Raiff

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major depressive episode following childbirth that can have serious consequences affecting the family. Consequences range from marital problems and issues with child development to maternal suicide and infantcide. Depression in mothers can lead to cognitive and social impairment in the child as well as paternal postpartum depression in the father. Due to the severity of these problems, it is important to diagnose and treat mothers as soon as possible. There are several symptoms that are evident in mothers suffering from PPD that lead to diagnosis. Symptoms are similar to those of major depressive episodes, but …

A Novel Approach To Treating Alzheimer's Disease, Kristen Quertinmount, Breanne Rizzo, Caitlin Swann, Lindsey Coram, Mary Klein, Whitney N. Detillion

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

No abstract provided.

Prescription Drug Abuse: The Pharmacist's Occupational Hazard, Brieann J. Miller, Cynthia C. Nguyen, Joshua P. Stevens, Nicholas J. Edmonds, Ryan W. Naseman, Michael M. Milks

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Prescription drug abuse within the profession of pharmacy is a rising threat that must be addressed. While familiarity of drugs, work-related stress, family history and enabling may contribute to addiction disorders, chemical impairment by the pharmacist can posse serious risks to patient care. Help is available for the struggling pharmacist in the form of treatment facilities and support networks for recovery.

Preparing For The Genomic Age: Thiopurine S-Methytransferase Polymorphism, Hilary Stewart, Lisa Berni, Tyler Bulcher, Joel Rittenhouse, Ryan W. Naseman

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Interpatient variability among medication doses has been a long-standing obstacle for many prescribers. Some medications result in increased morbidity and mortality in a small percentage of the population. For many years, the cause of such toxicities was unknown. This mystery has been resolved by the discovery that the abscence or abnormality of specific genes that code for receptros, drug-treated proteins, drug transport mechanisms, and drug metabolizing enzymes could alter how an affected individual will respond to a given drug. One such incidence is the genetic polymorphism in thiopurine s-methytransferase (TPMT). In comprehending the mechanism of this polymorphism, it is important …

Use Of Gastric Bypass Surgery For The Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kaitlin A. Sanders, Jenna L. Schaffner, Leslie M. Hart, Whitney N. Detillion, Anne Gentry

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Over the past decade, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased significantly. Evidence has shown that a clear association exists between obesity and diabetes development. This association has inspired researchers to explore bariatric surgery as an option for diabetes management and possible disease reversal. Improvement of T2DM using Roux-En-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is thought to result from from a combination of weight loss, decreased caloric intake, hormonal changes and rearrangement of the gastrointestinal anatomy. Positive outcomes resulting from the procedure include decreased mortality rates, normalization of HbA1c levels, decreased dependence on diabetic medications, and increased insulin sensitivity. …

An Update On Exenatide And Liraglutide For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Sarah M. Webb, Lacey A. Shumate, Ashley M. Overy, Ashley E. Lehnert, Monica A. Weisenberger, David R. Bright, Whitney N. Detillion

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

No abstract provided.

A Review Of Rivaroxaban, An Oral Anticoagulant, Lindsey A. Hallman, Chad A. Rounds, Rebecca A. Carey, Nicole R. Hume, Ryan W. Naseman, Karen L. Kier

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

No abstract provided.

A New Horizon: Emergency Department Pharmacy Practice, Amanda C. Mcdavid

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

No abstract provided.

Pharmacokinetics Of Intraperitoneal Vancomycin In Patients On Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, Edwin Lam, Yi Ting Kayla Lien, Valvanera Vozmediano, Stephan Schmidt, Walter K. Kraft, Jingjing Zhang

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Posters

Primary Objective

• Characterize the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in plasma, dialysate, and urine following a single intraperitoneal dose

Secondary Objective

• Explore the safety, tolerability, and feasibility in administering vancomycin during the long dwell period in patients on APD

Drug Interactions And Pharmacogenetic Factors Contribute To Variation In Apixaban Concentration In Atrial Fibrillation Patients In Routine Care, Markus Gulilat, Denise Keller, Bradley Linton, A. Demetri Pananos, Daniel Lizotte, George K. Dresser, Jeffrey Alfonsi, Rommel G. Tirona, Richard B. Kim, Ute I. Schwarz

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

Factor Xa-inhibitor apixaban is an oral anticoagulant prescribed in atrial fibrillation (AF) for stroke prevention. Its pharmacokinetic profile is known to be affected by cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A metabolism, while it is also a substrate of the efflux transporters ATP-binding cassette (ABC)B1 (P-glycoprotein) and ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein, BCRP). In this study, we assessed the impact of interacting medication and pharmacogenetic variation to better explain apixaban concentration differences among 358 Caucasian AF patients. Genotyping (ABCG2, ABCB1, CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3) was performed by TaqMan assays, and apixaban quantified by mass spectrometry. The typical patient was on average …

Administration Of Naloxone By Prehospital Personnel: A Retrospective Analysis., Kaitlin M Bowers, Judd Shelton, Eric Cortez, Robert Lowe, John Casey, Andrew Little

Pharmacy Articles

Introduction Patient-specific discrepancies in prehospital naloxone administration have been documented. As the opioid epidemic continues to evolve, further evaluation of prehospital naloxone administration practices is needed. The objective of this study was to compare patients who received prehospital naloxone and received an emergency department (ED) diagnosis of opioid overdose with patients who received prehospital naloxone and received an alternative ED diagnosis.  Methods This was a retrospective, multicenter chart review of patients who received naloxone by prehospital personnel for suspected opioid overdose between October 1, 2016, and October 31, 2017. Patients were excluded if age was less than 18 years, naloxone …

Altered Gating Of KV1.4 In The Nucleus Accumbens Suppresses Motivation For Reward, Bernadette O'Donovan, Adewale Adeluyi, Erin L Anderson, Robert D. Cole, Jill R. Turner, Pavel I. Ortinski

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Deficient motivation contributes to numerous psychiatric disorders, including withdrawal from drug use, depression, schizophrenia, and others. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been implicated in motivated behavior, but it remains unclear whether motivational drive is linked to discrete neurobiological mechanisms within the NAc. To examine this, we profiled cohorts of Sprague-Dawley rats in a test of motivation to consume sucrose. We found that substantial variability in willingness to exert effort for reward was not associated with operant responding under low-effort conditions or stress levels. Instead, effort-based motivation was mirrored by a divergent NAc shell transcriptome with differential regulation at potassium and dopamine …

Implementation Of Trauma Service Guideline For The Use Of Phenobarbital In The Management Of The Non-Icu Trauma Patient At Risk Or Experiencing Severe Alcohol Withdrawal, Joseph Rappold, Julianne Ontengco, Stephen Tyzik, Suneela Nayak, Ruth Hanselman, Amy Sparks

Operations Transformation

The trauma service in a large academic tertiary medical center admits a large proportion of patients with the secondary diagnosis of alcohol use disorder. Given the successful use of phenobarbital in the critical care unit for withdrawal prophylaxis and treatment of acute withdrawal, a quality improvement project was established to create and implement guidelines for the non ICU patient.

A root cause analysis demonstrated several issues to include inconsistent clinical decision documentation. As a result, several countermeasures were initiated to address the various issues.

Post implementation of countermeasures, a decrease in the amount of severe alcohol withdrawal as well as …

Chemical Epitope Targeting: Review Of A Novel Screening Technology, Qurrat Ul-Ain, Rene Kandler, Dylan Gillespie, Arundhati Nag

Scholarly Undergraduate Research Journal at Clark (SURJ)

Chemical Epitope Targeting is a novel technology developed for designing peptide ligands with high affinity and specificity against specific regions of a protein that may be inaccessible to small molecules or antibodies. In this review, we summarize the key steps and significant applications of this technology. Operating on the same principles as antibody-antigen interactions, this technique involves chemically synthesizing the region of interest on the protein, called the epitope, as a polypeptide with a biotin detection tag and a strategically placed alkyne or azide presenting amino acid. The constructed epitope is screened against a comprehensive linear or cyclic One Bead …

Learning Experiences Within Infectious Diseases Pharmacy Residency Programs In The United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Jonathan C. Cho, Matthew P. Crotty, Wesley D. Kufel, Elias B. Chahine, Amelia K. Sofjan, Jason C. Gallagher, Sandy J. Estrada

Pharmacy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Pharmacists with residency training in infectious diseases (ID) optimize antimicrobial therapy outcomes in patients and support antimicrobial stewardship (AS) programs. Although most ID residencies are accredited and assessed by certain standards, the degree to which these programs are similar is not known. Methods: A 19-item, cross-sectional, multicentered, electronic survey was distributed via e-mail to pharmacy residency program directors (RPDs) of all 101 second-year postgraduate (PGY-2) ID residency programs in the United States. Results: Survey responses were collected from 71 RPDs (70.3%); 64.8% were associated with an academic medical center and 97.2% focused primarily in adult ID. Rotations in the …