Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Clinical Issues Surrounding Once-Daily Aminoglycoside Dosing In Children, Chad A. Knoderer, Julie A. Everett, William F. Buss

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are first-line treatment for many infectious diseases in the pediatric population and are effective in adults. The traditional dosing interval in children is every 8–12 hours. Studies in adults reported equivalent efficacy and equal or less toxicity with once-daily regimens. Despite many studies in the adult population, this approach has yet to become standard practice in most pediatric hospitals. Reasons for lack of acceptance of this strategy in children include rapid aminoglycoside clearance, unknown duration of postantibiotic effect, safety concerns, and limited clinical and efficacy data.

Research Annual Report 2002, Children's Mercy Hospital

Research Annual Reports

Annual report of the research at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Evaluation Of Intra-And Inter-Fraction Motion In Breast Radiotherapy Using Electronic Portal Imaging Cine Loops, Chrison Lee, Edward Yu, Tomas Kron

Oncology Presentations

Parallel tangent breast irradiation is commonly used postbreast conservation surgery for early breast cancer patient without lymph node involvement to improve local disease control. Intra-fractional and inter-fractional variabilities are often presented in daily treatment setup. The present pilot study used Electronic Portal Imaging (EPI) to evaluate intra-and inter-fraction motion in patients undergoing simple breast tangent radiotherapy.

Susceptibility Scoring In Family-Based Association Testing, Laila M. Poisson, Benjamin A. Rybicki, Steven W. Coon, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Gary A. Chase

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Family-based association testing is an important part of genetic epidemiology. Tests are available to include multiple siblings, unaffected offspring, and to adjust for environmental covariates. We explore a susceptibility residual method of adjustment for covariates.

Results

Through simulation, we show that environmental adjustments that down-weight persons who are "destined" to be affected decrease the power to detect genetic association. We used the residual adjusted method on the Framingham Heart Study offspring data, provided for Genetic Analysis Workshop 13, and got mixed results.

Conclusion

When the genetic effect and environmental effects are independent, a susceptibility residual method of adjustment …

Analysis Of Gene × Environment Interactions In Sibships Using Mixed Models, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Laila M. Poisson, Steven W. Coon, Gary A. Chase, Benjamin A. Rybicki

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Gene × environment models are widely used to assess genetic and environmental risks and their association with a phenotype of interest for many complex diseases. Mixed generalized linear models were used to assess gene × environment interactions with respect to systolic blood pressure on sibships adjusting for repeated measures and hierarchical nesting structures. A data set containing 410 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort (part of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 data) was used for all analyses. Three mixed gene × environment models, all adjusting for repeated measurement and varying levels of nesting, were compared for …

Educating Adolescents About Puberty: What Are We Missing?, Hatim A. Omar, Darby H. Mcelderry, Rana M. Zakharia

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Adolescents undergo significant physical and cognitive changes during their pubertal development. These changes contribute to and impact their future development. Educating adolescents at an early age about their expected development decreases the possible anxiety associated with this period of life and also helps adolescents make better choices in regards to their sexuality. In order to assess the degree of education regarding pubertal development and sexuality, we conducted a survey of late adolescents (Median age 19 years) and parents of adolescents. A total of 409 adolescents (237 females, 172 males) and 124 parents completed the survey. 14.4% of teens (36.6% of …

The Art Of Practicing Scientific Medicine, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Utilization Of Services Of Homeopathic Practitioners Among Patients In Karachi, Pakistan, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

BACKGROUND: The practice of homeopathy is becoming very popular. There is a need to study and understand as to why this is happening and to raise debate on the issue.
METHODS: The study was conducted on patients, visiting the Family Practice Centre, The Aga Khan University, Karachi. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the demographic profile, and the utilization of the services of homeopathic practitioners. The ethical requirements for conducting the study were met.
RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-seven patients were surveyed. The study population included more women then men, with average age of 32.6 years. …

Use Of Home Remedies Among Patients Presenting To Family Physicians, Waris Qidwai, Sr Alim, Rh Dhanani, S Jehangir, A Nasrullah, A Raza

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Use Of Folk Remedies Among Patients In Karachi, Pakistan, Waris Qidwai, Sr Alim, Rh Dhanani, S Jehangir, A Nasrullah, A Raza

Department of Family Medicine

BACKGROUND: The concept that food is medicine is being practiced in certain parts of the world, with positive outcomes on health of the population. We have such practice in Pakistan but it needs to be brought in line with the available scientific evidence.
METHODS: The study was conducted on 270 patients, visiting the Family Practice Center, the Aga Khan University, Karachi. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the demographic profile, and the use of folk remedies for medicinal uses.
RESULTS: Substantial use of folk remedies for different medical conditions has been documented. The remedies included cinnamon, ginger, …

The Role Of Ap-1 Transcription Complex In Retinoic Acid-Dependent B16 Melanoma Cell Growth Arrest And Differentiation, Ying Huang

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Our laboratory has been studying the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on the growth and differentiation of the B16 mouse melanoma cells. RA inhibits both anchorage-dependent and –independent growth and stimulates melanin production in B16 cells, which are accompanied by an increase in AP-1 activity. To further investigate the RA-induced AP-1 activity, I established clones of B16 stably expressing an AP-1-luciferase reporter gene. Treatment of these clones with phorbol dibutyrate (PDB), a known activator of AP-1, rapidly increased AP-1 activity which reached its maximum level at 2-4 h and returned to baseline level by 24 h. In contrast, RA …

Selective Expression Of Beta Tubulin Isotypes In Gerbil Vestibular Sensory Epithelia And Neurons, Brian Perry, Heather Jensen Smith, Richard F. Ludueña, Richard Hallworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

The seven mammalian isotypes of beta tubulin are strikingly similar in amino acid sequence. The differences in isotypic sequence, although small, are nonetheless conserved in evolution, which suggests that they may confer distinct functional roles. If so, such roles should be reflected in the selective expression of isotypes by cell type, or even in the sorting of isotypes to within-cell pools. Hair cells of the vestibular sensory epithelia each possess a kinocilium, a microtubule-based organelle that could represent a distinct microtubule compartment, separate from the extensive microtubule network in the soma. The afferent neurons that innervate the vestibular sensory epithelia …

Cell Type-Specific Reduction Of Beta Tubulin Isotypes Synthesized In The Developing Gerbil Organ Of Corti, Heather Jensen Smith, Jonquille Eley, Peter S. Steyger, Richard F. Ludueña, Richard Hallworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

There are seven isotypic forms of the microtubule protein beta tubulin in mammals, but not all isotypes are synthesized in every cell type. In the adult organ of Corti, each of the five major cell types synthesizes a different subset of isotypes. Inner hair cells synthesize only betaI and betaII tubulin, while outer hair cells make betaI and betaIV tubulin. Only betaII and betaIV tubulin are found in inner and outer pillar cells, while betaI, betaII, and betaIV tubulin are present in Deiters cells, and betaI, betaII and betaIII tubulin are found in organ of Corti dendrites. During post-natal organ …

Platelets Stimulate Fibroblast-Mediated Contraction Of Collagen Gels, Ulrika Zagai, Karin Fredriksson, Stephen I. Rennard, Joachim Lundahl, C. Magnus Sköld

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Platelets are thought to play a role in a variety of inflammatory conditions in the lung, some of which may lead to fibrosis. In the current study we tested the hypothesis that whole platelets and platelet lysate can mediate remodelling of extracellular matrix in vitro by affecting fibroblast-mediated contraction of a collagen gel. We also sought to determine to what extent platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) contribute to this effect.

METHODS: Washed platelets, isolated from healthy blood donors, and platelet lysate (freezing and thawing), were cast together with human lung fibroblasts in three-dimensional collagen gels. …

Renovascular Hypertension: Factors Affecting The Outcome Following Surgical Revascularisation, Malik Anas Rabbani, Alia Zaidi, Syed Sohail Ali, Bushra Anas, Asmooni Younus, Syed Mansoor Shah

Section of Nephrology

This study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan to evaluate factors that affect outcome following revascularisation in patients with renovascular hypertension. We included all the patients diagnosed to have renovascular hypertension, confirmed by renal angiography, between July 1997 and September 2000. Of the total 15 patients, nine were males and six were females. Eleven patients received venous grafts, three received polytetraflouroethyline (PTFE) grafts while one patient underwent angioplasty and stenting. All were followed-up for a period of nine months (median) with the range from 2 to 84 months. A total of 33.3% of the study patients …

Unusual Presentations Of Wegener's Granulomatosis: Pitfalls In Early Diagnosis, Syed Mansoor Ahmed Shah, Malik Anas Rabbani, Ambreen Gul, Aasim Ahmad

Section of Nephrology

Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG) is a disorder characterized by necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis that primarily affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. Although the cause is unknown, there is strong evidence that this is an autoimmune disease and immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids efficiently relieves the symptoms and, prevents relapses. We report on four cases of WG that presented with unusual features. The first patient presented with vague joint pain, blackish discoloration of the skin and leg ulcers. The second patient presented as fever of unknown origin and gingival hyperplasia. The third patient presented with hearing loss while …

Department Of Radiology-Annual Executive Summary Report-July 1, 2002 To June 30, 2003, Vijay M. Rao, M.D.

Department of Radiology Administrative Documents and Reports

94 page Department of Radiology Annual Executive Summary Report, July 1, 2002 to June 30, 2003, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Renal Cortical Necrosis: A Case Series Of Nine Patients & Review Of Literature, Syed Sohail Ali, Syed Zulfiqar Rizvi, Suhail Muzaffar, Aasim Ahmad, Akhtar Ali, Sheema H. Hassan

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: The purpose of this study is to review cases of renal cortical necrosis (RCN) which we came across during a period of five years, confirmed on needle biopsy specimens, with literature available so far.
Methods: All renal biopsy records between January 1996 to December 2001 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan were reviewed to identify patients with histologically proven renal cortical necrosis. Seven patients were also referred by the department of Nephrology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Patients' medical records were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and follow up data.
Results: There were total of nine patients identified …

The Role And Regulation Of Heat Shock Protein 27 In Retinal Ischemic Preconditioning, Norris Andrew Whitlock

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Vision loss resulting from retinal ischemia is associated with several systemic and ocular diseases. In the retina, ischemia is thought to lead to neuronal cell death by initiating a series of events that include oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and intracellular Ca2+ overload. Attempts to prevent ischemic retinal degeneration have included the use of NMDA receptor antagonists, Ca2+ channel blockers, and antioxidants. These treatments have had limited success due to incomplete retinal protection and development of adverse side-effects. This has caused researchers to look toward endogenous protective mechanisms, such as ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in order to identify new strategies to …

Structural Analyses Of Phycodnaviridae And Iridoviridae, Alan A. Simpson, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, James L. Van Etten, Michael G. Rossmann

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The Phycodnaviridae, Iridoviridae and related viruses, with diameters of 1500±2000 A Ê , are formed from large trigonal arrays of hexagonally close-packed capsomers forming the faces of icosahedra [Yan et al. (2000), Nature Struct. Biol. 7, 101-103; Nandhagopal et al. (2002), Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 14758-14763]. Caspar and Klug predicted that such structures could be assembled from hexameric capsomers [Caspar & Klug (1962), Cold Spring Harbor. Symp. Quant. Biol. 27, 1-24], as was subsequently found in numerous icosahedral viruses. During the course of evolution, some viruses, including the virus families …

Cutaneous Blood Flow In Type 2 Diabetic Individuals After An Acute Bout Of Maximal Exercise, Sheri R. Colberg, Henri K. Parson, D. Robb Holton, Tanja Nunnold, Aaron I. Vinik

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE - We previously demonstrated a positive association between chronic aerobic exercise and dorsal foot skin blood flow during local heating in type 2 diabetic individuals. Thus, we hypothesized that a prior acute bout of maximal exercise would also have positive effects on postexercise blood now.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Subjects consisted of 32 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 26 nondiabetic control subjects further subdivided based on their physical activity status diabetic exerciser (DE), diabetic sedentary (DS), control exerciser (CE), or control sedentary. Dorsal foot cutaneous blood flow was measured noninvasively by continuous laser-Doppler assessment at baseline and …

Age, Temperature, And Parasitaemia Predict Chloroquine Treatment Failure And Anaemia In Children With Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria, D.H. Hamer, W.B. Macleod, E. Addo-Yobo, C.P Duggan, B. Estrella, W.W. Fawzi, J.K. Konde-Lule, V. Mwanakasale, Zul Premji, F. Sempertegui, F.P. Ssengooba, K. Yeboah-Antwi, J.L. Simon

Pathology, East Africa

The prevalence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been increasing in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South America over the last 2 decades, and has been associated with increased anaemia-associated morbidity and higher mortality rates. Prospectively collected clinical and parasitological data from a multicentre study of 788 children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were analysed in order to identify risk factors for chloroquine treatment failure and to assess its impact on anaemia after therapy. The proportion of chloroquine treatment failures (combined early and late treatment failures) was higher in the central-eastern African countries (Tanzania, 53%; Uganda, 80%; …

Storying The Body : Women's Narratives Through The Lens Of Breast Cancer, Janet A. Griffin

Theses : Honours

What can women's narratives contribute to our understanding of breast cancer and to feminist theories of the body? This thesis explores the meanings women construct to make sense of embodied experiences of breast cancer, and the profound experience of breast loss. Rich contextual data was elicited from in depth, guided conversations with five premenopausal women who have undergone mastectomy. Adopting feminist methodology, biographic-narrative was used to place the body at the heart of inquiry. This thesis explores the personal and theoretical meanings of mastectomy, embedded in the larger story of how these five women experience their breasts, throughout their lives. …

Our Adolescents--Our Future, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Seniors Count Follow-Up Study, Nina M. Silverstein, Heather Connors, May Jawad

Gerontology Institute Publications

Seniors Count is an ongoing outreach initiative under the direction of Boston Mayor Thomas M. Menino with the leadership and support of Joyce Williams, Boston's Commissioner on Affairs of the Elderly. The program's purpose is to "identify and reach out to those members of the city's elderly population who live in private housing arrangements and help provide them with the information and services they [may] need" (Boston Commission on Affairs of the Elderly, 2002). Since the program's inception in 1999, it has reached over 5,500 community-dwelling elders in the City of Boston (Boston Commission on Affairs of the Elderly, 2002). …

Oncolog, Volume 48, Number 01, January 2003, David Galloway, Stephanie Deming, Heather Russell

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Putting an End to the Waiting: Diagnosis Clinic Finds Answers for Patients When Cancer Is Suspected
• The Center for Research on Minority Health: Working with the Community to End Health Disparities
• Collaboration Between M. D. Anderson, University of Puerto Rico to Address Cancer in Minority Populations
• House Call: Diagnostic Imaging Tests: How They Work and What to Expect

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2003), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2003 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates
• Student Research Prominent on PCOM Campus
• The Man who Launched a Thousand Careers
• The Next Generation of PCOM Leadership Emerges
• Alumni Association Revitalization
• Cover Story: Reaching Out
• Class Notes
• 56th Annual Alumni /Survivors Dinner Dance Awards
• In Memoriam
• My Turn
• PCOM Alumni Weekend 2003
• PCOM Events

Physician Assistant Class Of 2003, Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

All Yearbooks

Includes the White Coat Ceremony, Retreat at Camp Ockanickon, National Physician Assistant Day, Challenge Bowl Jeopardy, Halloween, Classroom candids, Christmas Party, PCOM Prom Night, Physician Assistant National Convention, Alumni Reception.

Functional Implications In Apoptosis By Interferon Inducible Gene Product 1-8d, The Binding Protein To Adenovirus Preterminal Protein, Insil Joung, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Adenovirus (Ad) precursor to the terminal protein (pTP) plays an essential roles in the viral DNA

replication. Ad pTP serves as a primer for the synthesis of a new DNA strand during the initiation

step of replication. In addition, Ad pTP forms organized spherical replication foci on the nuclear

matrix (NM) and anchors the viral genome to the NM. Here we identified the interferon inducible

gene product 1-8D (Inid) as a pTP binding protein by using a two-hybrid screen of a HeLa cDNA

library. Of the clones obtained in this assay, nine were identical to the Inid, a 13-kDa polypeptide …

Structure And Functional Effects Of Age-Related Posttranslational Modifications Of Aquaporin 0 In The Normal Human Lens, Lauren Elizabeth Smith-Ball

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Aquaporin 0 (AQP0, MIP), a water channel protein found in the ocular lens fiber cells, has been proposed to maintain osmotic homeostasis by contributing to an internal circulatory system within the avascular lens. The formation of cataracts in patients with mutations in the AQP0 gene and in heterozygous AQP0 deficient mice suggests that AQP0 is necessary for establishing and preserving lens transparency. Previous structural characterization of AQP0 revealed that the C-terminus, a putative regulatory domain, is subject to many age-related posttranslational modifications. The goal of the present study was to map the spatial distribution of posttranslationally modified forms of AQP0 …