Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Phosphorylation Of The Neurospora Clock Protein Frequency Determines Its Degradation Rate And Strongly Influences The Period Length Of The Circadian Clock, Yi Liu, Jennifer Loros, Jay C. Dunlap

Dartmouth Scholarship

Under free running conditions, FREQUENCY (FRQ) protein, a central component of the Neurospora circadian clock, is progressively phosphorylated, becoming highly phosphorylated before its degradation late in the circadian day. To understand the biological function of FRQ phosphorylation, kinase inhibitors were used to block FRQ phosphorylation in vivo and the effects on FRQ and the clock observed. 6-dimethylaminopurine (a general kinase inhibitor) is able to block FRQ phosphorylation in vivo, reducing the rate of phosphorylation and the degradation of FRQ and lengthening the period of the clock in a dose-dependent manner. To confirm the role of FRQ phosphorylation in this clock …

The Phantom Burster Model For Pancreatic Β-Cells, Richard Bertram, Joseph Previte, Arthur Sherman, Tracie A. Kinard, Leslie S. Satin

Pharmacology and Toxicology Publications

Abstract

Pancreatic β-cells exhibit bursting oscillations with a wide range of periods. Whereas periods in isolated cells are generally either a few seconds or a few minutes, in intact islets of Langerhans they are intermediate (10–60 s). We develop a mathematical model for β-cell electrical activity capable of generating this wide range of bursting oscillations. Unlike previous models, bursting is driven by the interaction of two slow processes, one with a relatively small time constant (1–5 s) and the other with a much larger time constant (1–2 min). Bursting on the intermediate time scale is generated without need …

Nh4+ Inhibits K-Cl Cotransport In Low K Sheep Red Blood Cells, Peter K. Lauf, Suhail Ahmed, Norma C. Adragna

Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Isolation Of Current Components And Partial Reaction Cycles In The Glial Glutamate Transporter Eaat2, Thomas S. Otis, Michael Kavanaugh

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The kinetic properties of the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT2 were studied using rapid applications of l-glutamate to outside-out patches excised from transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells. In the presence of the highly permeant anion SCN⁻, pulses of glutamate rapidly activated transient anion channel currents mediated by the transporter. In the presence of the impermeant anion gluconate, glutamate pulses activated smaller currents predicted to result from stoichiometric flux of cotransported ions. Both anion and stoichiometric currents displayed similar kinetics, suggesting that anion channel gating and stoichiometric charge movements are linked to early transitions in the transport cycle. …

Pentameric Assembly Of A Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, Sepehr Eskandari, Michael Kreman, Michael Kavanaugh, Ernest M. Wright, Guido A. Zampighi

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to study the structure of a human neuronal glutamate transporter (EAAT3). EAAT3 was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and its function was correlated with the total number of transporters in the plasma membrane of the same cells. Function was assayed as the maximum charge moved in response to a series of transmembrane voltage pulses. The number of transporters in the plasma membrane was determined from the density of a distinct 10-nm freeze-fracture particle, which appeared in the protoplasmic face only after EAAT3 expression. The linear correlation between EAAT3 maximum carrier-mediated charge and the total number …

Arginine 447 Plays A Pivotal Role In Substrate Interactions In A Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, Annie Bendahan, Ayelet Armon, Navid Madani, Michael Kavanaugh, Baruch I. Kanner

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Glutamate transporters from the central nervous system play a crucial role in the clearance of the transmitter from the synaptic cleft. Glutamate is cotransported with sodium ions, and the electrogenic translocation cycle is completed by countertransport of potassium. Mutants that cannot interact with potassium are only capable of catalyzing electroneutral exchange. Here we identify a residue involved in controlling substrate recognition in the neuronal transporter EAAC-1 that transports acidic amino acids as well as cysteine. When arginine 447, a residue conserved in all glutamate transporters, is replaced by cysteine, transport of glutamate or aspartate is abolished, but sodium-dependent cysteine transport …

Cation-Anion-Coupled Cotransport In An Immortalized Neuronal Cell Line (C6 Glioma), Kenneth B. E. Gagnon, Norma C. Adragna, Robert E.W. Fyffe, Peter K. Lauf

Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Nr2b Is Widely Expressed Throughout The Rat Diencephalon: An Immunohistochemical Study, Arshad Khan, B. Stanley, Lisa Bozzetti, Christina Chin, Cyndi Stivers, Margarita Curras-Collazo

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Nr2b Is Widely Expressed Throughout The Rat Diencephalon: An Immunohistochemical Study, Khan, B. Stanley, Lisa Bozzetti, Christina Chin, Cyndi Stivers, Margarita Curras-Collazo

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Health Professions Division Catalog Academic Year 2000-2001, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

A Simple Method For Generating Full Length Cdna From Low Abundance Partial Genomic Clones, Yongxin Wang, Joseph M. Fugaro, Fauzia Siddiq, Chandra Mouli V. Goparaju, Fulvio Lonardo, Anil Wali, John F. Lechner, Harvey I. Pass

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

PCR amplification of target molecules involves sequence specific primers that flank the region to be amplified. While this technique is generally routine, its applicability may not be sufficient to generate a desired target molecule from two separate regions involving intron /exon boundaries. For these situations, the generation of full-length complementary DNAs from two partial genomic clones becomes necessary for the family of low abundance genes.

Results

The first approach we used for the isolation of full-length cDNA from two known genomic clones of Hox genes was based on fusion PCR. Here we describe a simple and efficient method …

Genetic Enhancement Technologies And The New Society, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

So long as procreation continues to remain a central driving force in a marital relationship, and the family the very core of progressive society, efforts will be undertaken to expand the period of fecundity and combat infertility. Genetic planning and eugenic programming are more rational and humane alternatives to population regulation than death by famine and war.

Genetic enhancement technologies and the scientific research undertaken to advance them should be viewed as not only aiding (or, sometimes resolving) the tragedy of infertility in family planning, but as a tool for enhancing the health of a Nation's citizens by engineering man's …

Role Of KAtp Channels In Reduced Antinociceptive Effect Of Morphine In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice, Vivek Sood, Ajay Sharma, Manjeet Singh

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The nociceptive effect was measured using withdrawal latency in tail flick test in mice rendered diabetic by administering streptozotocin (200 mg/kg, i.p.). The antinociceptive effect of morphine (4 and 8 mg/kg, s.c.) and cromakalim, a KATP channel opener, (0.3, 1 and 2 micrograms, i.c.v.) was significantly reduced in diabetic mice. Moreover, co-administration of cromakalim(0.3 microgram) did not alter the reduced antinociceptive effect of morphine(4 mg/kg) in diabetic mice. Spleenectomy in diabetic mice restored the decrease in antinociceptive effect of morphine and cromakalim. Multiple dose treatment with insulin to maintain euglycaemia for 3 days in diabetic mice prevented the decrease in …

Development Of An Amperometric Biosensor For Lactate., Brian Lillis, Catherine M. Grogan, Helen Berney, Bill Lane

Conference Papers

A gold enzyme electrode for lactate, fabricated on silicon has been developed. Standard silicon processing and micromachining techniques have been applied to the fabrication of three sensor types.

Two planar types and a containment sensor are presented. The enzyme lactate oxidase (LOX) was immobilised in a suitable matrix and placed on a planar gold electrode or in a gold coated, KOH etched silicon cavity. Activity and stability of the enzyme LOX was assessed in a modified BSA gel and two sol gel matrices. The enzyme has shown above average stability of three months, stored dry, when immobilised in a sol …

Identification Of The Transactivation Domain Of The Transcription Factor Sox-2 And An Associated Co-Activator, Tamara K. Nowling, Lance R. Johnson, Matthew S. Wiebe, Angie Rizzino

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The importance of interactions between Sox and POU transcription factors in the regulation of gene expression is becoming increasingly apparent. Recently, many examples of the involvement of Sox-POU partnerships in transcription have been discovered, including a partnership between Sox-2 and Oct-3. Little is known about the mechanisms by which these factors modulate transcription. To better understand the molecular interactions involved, we mapped the location of the transactivation do-main of Sox-2. This was done in the context of its interaction with Oct-3, as well as its ability to transactivate as a fusion protein linked to the DNA-binding domain of Gal4. Both …

Transient Nature Of The Stimulatory" Nem-Effect" On K-Cl Cotransport In Kccl-Transfected Hek293 And Primary Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells, Peter K. Lauf, Jin Zhang, Jing Zhang, Norma C. Adragna

Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Modulation Of The Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Proteins By Polyethylene Glycol Conjugation, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

With the rapid advances in the field of biotechnology during the last decade, many peptides and proteins have been produced and evaluated for therapy of various diseases, including cancer. However, rapid clearance and the possibility of immunogenicity after the in vivo administration of these biotechnology-driven products have impeded their marketing. To circumvent these problems, synthetic and natural polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextrans, respectively, have been covalently attached to proteins, and some of these protein-polymer conjugates have shown promising therapeutic results. The conjugation of proteins with polymers usually causes a reduction in the recognition of the protein by …

Bilateral Accessory Soleus Muscle, Zeli̇ha Kurtoğlu, M. Haluk Uluutku

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Inguinal Endometriosis: A Report Of Two Cases And A Review Of The Literature, Ali̇ Kemal Uzunlar, Fahri̇ Yilmaz, Mehmet Yaldiz, Özden Kaya, Mehmet Özaydin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Melatonin On Hepatic Fibrogenesis, Vitamin C And Hydroxyproline Levels In Liver Of Ethanol-Fed Rats, Bi̇lal Üstündağ, Nadi̇re Çi̇nkilinç, İhsan Hali̇feoğlu, Hali̇t Canatan, İbrahi̇m Hani̇fi̇ Özercan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Pineal-gland-derived melatonin (N- Acetyl 5-Methoxytryptamine), which is a known antioxidant hormone, is known to have inhibitory effects on cell growth and proliferation. Ethanol causes increases in lipid peroxidation, superoxide formation and collagen synthesis resulting in fibrosis in the liver due to alcohol intake. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exogenously administered melatonin on liver tissue damage resulting from alcohol intake. A total of 30 male wistar albino rats were divided into three groups; Group 1 (control), Group 2 (ethanol-administration), and Group 3 (ethanol +melatonin administration). All the rats were fed with a specially modified diet …

Electrochemical Biosensor Based On Horseradish Peroxidase For The Determination Of Oxidizable Drugs, Arzum Erdem, Aysun Pabuccuoğlu, Burcu Meric, Kagan Kerman, Mehmet Özsöz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

An amperometric biosensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is defined as a device for the quantitative and qualitative detection of oxidizable drugs. This paper demonstrates the advantages of using HRP as the biocatalyst in the in vitro detection of oxidizable drugs in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Amperometric analysis and batch experiments were carried out in acetate buffer (pH 4.8) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Amperometry was performed by applying a potential of -0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and adding a drug which has an oxidizable group (OxG; …

Sertoli Cell Tumor In Two Sibs With Testicular Ferminization Syndrome, İnanç Eli̇f Gürer, Ahmet Ender Demi̇rkiran, Mustafa Şare

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Disseminated Mycobacterium Fortuitum- Chelonae Complex Infection In A Child With Il-12 Receptor Deficiency, Sadik Akşi̇t, Deni̇z Yilmaz, Şükran Darcan, Sali̇ha Soydan, Cengi̇z Çavuşoğlu, Erol Balik, Jean Laurent Casanova, Neci̇l Kütükçüler

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Colchicine Toxicity: A Patient With Pneumopericardium, Yüksel Gökel, Abdullah Canataroğlu, Sali̇m Satar, Zi̇kret Köseoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cholesterol Granuloma Mass In The Middle Ear Cavity, Murat Ünal, İsmai̇l Çölhan, Yusufhan Süoğlu, Ekrem Yavuz, Tayfun Sunay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Nitric Oxide In Chronic Liver Disease, Güldal Kirkali, Semra Gezer, Nurcan Umur, Mehmet Ali̇ Özcan, Ethem Tankurt

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The formation of nitric oxide (NO), a free radical, increases in liver disease, where the L-arginine-nitric oxide (L- arg-NO) pathway is activated by the increased levels of cytokines and endotoxins. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the L-arg-NO pathway and chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, which are classified as chronic liver disease. We determined the serum levels of nitrite and nitrate, the end products of the L-arg-NO pathway, in patients with chronic liver disease and compared them with the control group levels. Total nitrite produced by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite in the presence of nitrate reductase …

Effect Of The Combination Of Glibenclamide, An Atp-Dependent Potassium Channel Blocker, And Metoprolol, A Cardioselective B-Adrenoceptor Blocker, During Myocardial Infarction In Conscious Rats, Ömer Bozdoğan, Istvan Lepran, Julğus Gy. Papp

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

We investigated the possible interaction of glibenclamide and metoprolol on the occurrence of life threatening arrhythmias during the acute phase of experimental myocardial infarction. Coronary artery ligation was performed in conscious rats and ECG was recorded for 15 min following ligation. Neither metoprolol (2 mg/kg i.p., 20 min before coronary artery ligation), nor glibenclamide (5 mg/kg i.p., 30 min before ligation) pretreatment increased significantly the survival rate during the acute phase of myocardial infarction (10 % and 22 %, respectively vs. 9 % in controls). Combination of glibenclamide with metoprolol, however, significantly improved the survival rate (62 %, P < 0.05). These results suggest that the combination of a cardioselective b-blocking agent with an ATP- dependent potassium channel inhibitor may result in an enhanced antiarrhythmic effect during the acute phase of myocardial infarction.

Effects Of Growth Hormone On Hepatic Regeneration, Mahmut Başoğlu, Ahmet A. Balik, İbrahi̇m Kavak, Cemal Gündoğdu, Zekai̇ Erman, İlhan Yildirgan, Durkaya Ören

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effects of growth hormone on hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Thirty pathogen free Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups, each containing 10 rats. The animals were subjected to a sham operation in Group 1, and to left hepatic lobectomy in Groups 2 and 3. The animals in Groups 1 and 2 received saline solution (0.2 mg/kg/day), while growth hormone (Lilly Humotrope, Lilly France Usine de Fegersheim, France) (0.2 mg/kg/day) was given to the animals in Group 3 for seven days. On the seventh postoperative day, the animals were sacrificed …

Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Hydroxyapatite-Impregnated Bone Cement, Kemal Şerbetçi̇, Feza Korkusuz, Nesri̇n Hasirci

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Self-curing acrylic cements, consisting mainly of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), are widely used in dentistry and orthopedic surgery. One of the major side effects of the standard PMMA application is tissue necrosis at the bone-cement interface due to the rise of temperature during the polymerization reaction. This may also lead to aseptic loosening over time. Therefore, intense research is being carried out in the development of bone cements with new compositions. In this study, the aim was to develop new bone cement compositions that would have low setting temperature and high mechanical strength and be comparable with the commercially available ones. For …

Histopathological Effects Of Cholesterol And Protective Effects Of Vitamin E And Selenium On The Morphology Of Liver, Süheyla Gonca, Süreyya Ceylan, Melda Yardimoğlu, Hakki Dalçik, Si̇bel Köktürk, Serdar Fi̇li̇z, Zuhal Yumbul

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In this study, effects of cholesterol and protective effects of vitamin E (vit E) and Selenium (Se) on the morphology of the liver in rats were observed. Cholesterol (Chol) supplemented diet, Chol + vit E, Chol + Se and Chol + vit E + Se were applied to the rats. Portal fibrosis with bile ductal proliferation and an increased inflammatory infiltration were seen in Chol group. In this group, ultrastructurally, granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER) arrangement was seen in irregular shape in hepatocyte cytoplasm. The membranes of GER and mitochondria were not seen clearly. A morphological improvement was seen in the …