Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Trypanosoma Simiae In The White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium Simum) And The Dromedary Camel (Camelus Dromedarius), Steve Mihok, Erich Zweygarth, Eli N. Munyoki, John Wambua, Richard Kock

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Trypanosoma simiae was identified as the cause of a disease outbreak in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) introduced to Tsavo East National Park, confirming the susceptibility of camels to this pathogen. T. simiae was also isolated from a new host, the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) through xenodiagnosis with a susceptible tsetse species (Glossina morsitans centralis). A white rhinoceros showed some evidence of anaemia and lymphopaenia when harbouring T. simiae, but did not suffer any long-term health effects. © 1994.

Aids Knowledge And Homophobia In Community Active Elderly, Lydia Heyel Adams

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of AIDS knowledge and presence of homophobia among a group of community active elderly in the Cedar Falls-Waterloo area. Demographic factors including gender, age, education level, annual income, religious faith, level of religious activity, personal knowledge of a person who is gay, personal knowledge of a person with HIV/AIDS, history of a blood transfusion, and history of HIV testing were also assessed to determine if they had a statistically significant effect on AIDS knowledge and homophobia. The relationship between AIDS knowledge and homophobia was also examined to determine if they …

Interleukin 1-Beta In Symptomatic And Asymptomatic Human Periradicular Lesions, Gerald C. Lim

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Interleukin 1-Beta has been shown to be a potent mediator of bone resorption and has been implicated in resorption in periradicular lesions. In this study we compared the local concentrations of IL-1β in symptomatic and asymptomatic human periradicular lesions. Periradicular tissues from patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions were obtained and stored at -70°C. Pulpal tissues from unerupted third molars and chronically inflamed gingival tissues were also obtained and used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Tissue samples were homogenized, and supernatants were assayed for IL-1β by ELISA. Significantly higher levels of IL-1β were found in symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions …

Suppressive Effects Of Transforming Factor-Β And Interleukin-10 On The Cytolytic Activity Of Murine Macrophages And Reversal By Cytokines, Chin-Hung Lin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In this study, the suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on peritoneal macrophage killing of H238 target cells and the potential for reversal of the immunosuppressive effect by IL-4 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were investigated. The responsiveness of naive and peptone-activated macrophages was compared. The cytolytic activity for tumor cells of these effector cells was measured by percent lysis of ³H-thymidine labeled Herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed tumor cells (H238). After 18-24 hours of incubation with TGF-β or IL-10, the cytolytic activity of macro-medium alone. The immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β or IL-10 on non-activated macrophages was …

Aggressive Angiomyxoma Of Vulva, Farrukh Aijaz, Shahid Pervez, Shehnaz Wasti, Sheema H. Hassan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Cryptococcus Neoformans Serotype Groups Found In Clinical And Environmental Isolates, John Clauson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast responsible for severe meningoencephalitis. The importance of epidemiological studies on cryptococcosis has increased since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. C. neoformans exists in two varieties containing four serotypes, C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotypes A and D) and C. neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C). Locally C. neoformans var. neoformans has been associated with pigeon feces during those months having an average temperature of 64.2°F j(17.8°C) and above. Clinical and environmental isolates of C. neoformans obtained from regional hospitals and environmental samplings, respectively, have been grouped into their variety status utilizing canavanine-glycine-bromthymol blue …

Aids: A Question Of Care, Michelle Nye, Lauralee Wilson

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

No abstract provided.

Longitudinal Study Of Plasma And Erythrocyte Selenium Levels In Type I Diabetic Children During Development And Treatment Of Ketoacidosis, Pi-Hsia Fan

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Most studies on the biological activity of selenium have focused on its role at the active site in the ubiquitous enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) which catalyzes the removal of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides (1). A connection between selenium deficiency and a wide range of diseases in animals and humans has been reviewed (2). Development of various forms of human cancer (3), failure of the immune system (4), as well as some cardiovascular diseases (5) have been reported or suspected to correlate with selenium deficiency. However, the physiological function of selenium in these different diseases is not fully understood, and …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 68, No. 38, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Tungate, Matthew. Some Not Enthused by Bill Clinton Proposals – Politics
• Anna, Cara. Ralph Willard: Coach Appeals for Fan Support – Basketball
• Gagliardi, Melissa. Diddle Arena Beomcing Country Heaven – Concerts
• Broadbent, Stephanie. Safe Sex Can be Kinky & Erotic Speaker Says – Buck Harris, HIV, AIDS
• Howard Lindsey to be Arraigned Tomorrow
• Native American Lecture Coming – Hardin Planetarium
• Hofmann, Martin. Editorial Cartoon Rush Limbaugh
• Molley, Sean. Men Make Mistakes – Thomas Meredith
• Wheeler, Shayne. Prayers for President Thomas Meredith
• Zorn, William. Another Big …

Progress Toward Eradication Of Virulent Footrot, Bob Mitchell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australia is well placed to eradicate virulent footrot from the State's sheep and goat populations.

Between 1950 and 1993 the proportion of sheep flocks with footrot fell from about 15 per cent to less than 2 percent, and the 1990-92 outbreak has been turned around. One hundred and eighty properties (]. 7 per cent) of flocks, mostly in the high rainfall South-West, are in quarantine for footrot today.

This high level of footrot control is the result of strong support from the sheep industry and years of good cooperation between farmers and the Department of Agriculture.

Western Australia leads …

Prevalence Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, The Lyme Disease Spirochete, In Ticks And Rodents In Northeast Arkansas, Kim Kelly Simpson, Lawrence W. Hinck

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Lyme disease, caused by the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, has been reported from 36 of Arkansas' 75 counties. Ticks and wild rodents from nine northeast Arkansas counties were surveyed to determine the prevalence of Borrelia infection in potential tick vectors and reservoir host populations. In direct immunofluorescent assays with murine monoclonal antibody H5332, specific for B. burgdorferi, detected a 2.1% rate of infection for the 638 ticks surveyed and an 11.8% infectivity rate for the 102 rodents surveyed.

Development Of A Questionnaire To Assess Knowledge In Women With Gestational Diabetes, Caron Mclarty

Theses : Honours

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a significantly increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus in later life. A lifestyle which includes healthy eating habits, weight control, regular exercise, and stress management has been associated with preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. To care for themselves women require educati9n about and knowledge of strategies that have been associated with preventing diabetes. An essential part of education is knowledge assessment Women with GDM have been largely overlooked in the development of instruments to measure knowledge of diabetes. Orem's general theory of nursing …

Mathematical Transmission Model Of The Spread Of Hiv Through Sexual Contact And Iv Drug Usage Among Heterosexuals In Western Australia, B. Glockner

Theses : Honours

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its latter stage, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), are still a major health problem in the world and the full extent of the epidemic is unknown. The HIV virus in Australia has been spread mainly through homosexual contact, but this mode of transmission is decreasing while transmission from heterosexual contact and from IV drug use is increasing. The proposed mathematical model concentrates on transmission of the HIV virus through heterosexual contact and IV drug use among heterosexuals in Western Australia. The model parameters will be estimated from surveys conducted by the Australian National …

Predictors Of Compliance With Diet And Exercise Six Months After Heart Transplantation, Kathleen L. Grady

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) Congolense: Molecular Characterization Of A New Genotype From Tsavo, Kenya, P. A.O. Majiwa, M. Maina, J. N. Waitumbi, S. Mihok, E. Zweygarth

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense comprises morphologically identical but genetically heterogeneous parasites infective to livestock and other mammalian hosts; three different genotypes of this parasite have been described previously. Restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in both kinetoplast DNA minicircle and nuclear DNA sequences, and randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) patterns have been used here to demonstrate the existence of another type of T. (N.) congolense that is genotypically distinct from those that have so far been characterized at the molecular level. A highly repetitive, tandemly arranged DNA sequence and oligonucleotide primers, for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are …

Experimental Immunity Against Trypanosomiasis In Rabbits, Curtis Powell

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Rabbits were immunized with specially prepared subcellular fractions of a cloned Trypanosoma brucei brucei stock 427. One fraction was found to be highly immunoprophylactic in rabbits exposed to the vector fly genus Glossina m. morsitans (tsetse flies) infected with EATRO Trypanosoma brucei brucei 1969. The most immunoprotective fraction IPFA from T. b. brucei 427 gave 75% protection to animals challenged by EATRO T. b. brucei 1969. IPFA also showed the highest IgG antibody titre against the heterologous and homologous strains. In in vitro studies, the sera from these immunized rabbits killed different strains of parasites, T. b. brucei strains 1969 …

The Influence Of Host Blood On Infection Rates In Glossina Morsitans Sspp. Infected With Trypanosoma Congolense, T. Brucei And T. Simiae, S. Mihok, R. O. Olubayo, N. Darji, E. Zweygarth

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Trypanosoma congolense, T. brucei and T. simiae isolated from wild-caught Glossina pallidipes were fed to laboratory-reared G. morsitans centralis and G. m. morsitans to determine the effect of host blood at the time of the infective feed on infection rates. Bloodstream forms of trypanosomes were membrane-fed to flies either neat, or mixed with blood from cows, goats, pigs, buffalo, eland, waterbuck and oryx. The use of different bloods for the infective feed resulted in differences in infection rates that were repeatable for both tsetse subspecies and most parasite stocks. Goat, and to a lesser extent, pig blood facilitated infection, producing …

Perceptions Of Physical Attractiveness And Attitudes Towards Hiv For Portrayals Of Gay, Straight, Hiv-Positive, And Hiv-Negative Individuals, Matt Hobson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine if knowledge of a male or female individual's sexual orientation and HIV status was an indicator of perceived attractiveness and social acceptance by college students. A male and female actor were recruited to film short videos portraying either gay or straight and either HIV-positive or HIV-negative individuals. The eight separate videos were then observed by eight randomly selected groups of college students in human sexuality classes. It was hypothesized that the video subjects perceived to be either gay or HIV-positive would be perceived as being less attractive and that college students who …

Sheep And Cattle Disorders Reported At Abattoirs, Michael Paton Dr

Bulletins 4000 -

Meat inspectors at abattoirs record a lot of information about diseases and disorders of sheep and cattle. This information is mentioned briefly in stock health reports that are sent to producers who consign animals to Robb Jetty or E.G. Green abattoirs.

Department of Agriculture veterinarians have compiled information on these disorders and diseases for this publication.

This Bulletin provides information on the cause and appearance of each disorder, its economic significance, and how to prevent or treat it. Producers who need further information should contact a veterinarian.

Indistinguishable Nuclear Factor Binding To Functional Core Sites Of The T-Cell Receptor Delta And Murine Leukemia Virus Enhancers., Juan M. Redondo, Jeffrey L. Pfohl, Cristina Hernandez-Munain, Shuwen Wang, Nancy A. Speck, Michael S. Krangel

Dartmouth Scholarship

We have previously shown that the delta E3 site is an essential element for transcriptional activation by the human T-cell receptor (TCR) delta enhancer and identified two factors, NF-delta E3A and NF-delta E3C, that bound to overlapping core (TGTGGTTT) and E-box motifs within delta E3. In this study, we show that protein binding to the core motif is necessary but not sufficient for transcriptional activation by the delta E3 element. In contrast, protein binding to the E-box motif does not contribute significantly to enhancer activity. A similar core motif present within the enhancers of T-cell-tropic murine retroviruses has been shown …

Development Of Periapical Lesions In Immunosuppressed Rats, Phillip A. Waterman Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The pathogenesis of periapical lesions is the interaction of the oral flora with the existing host defenses. The role of bacteria has been established in endodontic disease but the contribution of the host defenses in periapical lesion formation is less clear. The purpose of this study was to compare periapical lesion development in immunosuppressed rats with that in normal rats. Thirty-five, eight-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into seven groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were given weekly injections of Cytoxan, an immunosuppressive agent. Groups 4, 5, and 6 received no immunosuppressive therapy. Group 7 served as a control, …

Biochemical Investigation Of Gout And Its Familial Incidences, Chin-Ling Hsu

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Gout is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by deposition of uric acid on the joint. It is categorized into two types: primary and secondary. Primary gout is uric acid overproduction, caused by excessive synthesis of the purine precursors. Secondary gout occurs also as the result of overproduction or decreased renal excretion of uric acid resulting from other disease processes or medication.

The two purine bases, hypoxanthine and xanthine, liberated from ribosides by the action of nucleoside phosphorylase, are degraded to uric acid as the final excretory product in the purine degradation pathway. Hypoxanthine and xanthine are the physiological substrates of …

Kinetic Characterization Of A Recombinant C-Terminal Mutant Of Reverse Transcriptase From The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Thomas S. Heard

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) (EC 2.7.7.49) is the central replication enzyme for HIV. In general, the kinetic mechanism for this and all other polymerases involves the ordered binding of two substrates: a primer-template (PT) followed by a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP). Previous investigations prompted this research when it was discovered that the substrate dNTP, in absence of PT, could protect a recombinant c-terminal mutant HIV-1 RT from inhibition by pyridoxal-5'-monophosphate (PLP), an active-site dNTP inhibitor. In contrast, the non-mutant recombinant HIV-1 RT required both substrates for protection from PLP inhibition. This investigation sought to determine if this …

Dimarco V. Lynch Homes-Chester County, Inc.: How Far Should West Virginia Go In Extension Of Physician Liability For Transmission Of Communicable Disease, Rebecca Coffield Moore

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Specific For Tumors And Infected Cells From Mice With A Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome., Jennifer G. Erbe, Kathy A. Green, Karen M. Crassi, Herbert C. Morse, W R. Green

Dartmouth Scholarship

LP-BM5 retrovirus complex-infected C57BL/6 mice develop immunodeficiency, somewhat analogous to AIDS, termed murine AIDS (MAIDS). After secondary stimulation with syngeneic B-cell lymphomas from LP-BM5-infected mice, C57BL/6 mice produced vigorous CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for MAIDS-associated tumors. An anti-LP-BM5 specificity was suggested because spleen and lymph node cells from LP-BM5-infected mice served as target cells in competition assays, and cells from LP-BM5, but not ecotropic, virus-infected mice functioned as secondary in vitro stimulators to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes to MAIDS tumors.

Federal Black Lung Update: The Standard Of Disability Causation For Federal Black Lung Benefits, Willaim S. Mattingley, Martin E. Hall

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Host Management In Tick Population Changes On Rusinga Island, Kenya, D. K. Punyua, S. M. Hassan

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Contrary to patterns described elsewhere, tick numbers on Rusinga Island cattle drop markedly after the onset of the rainy season. One possible explanation is that this is related to seasonal differences in host behaviour since cattle grazing on the island are restricted during the crop-growing season (the rainy season) and free grazing afterwards. In a field experiment, cattle were divided into two groups, free grazing and restricted, for 2 months each during the rainy season and during the dry season, and the number of ticks infesting each group was compared. In both seasons, the free-grazing group carried more ticks than …

Inhibitory Effect Of Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei On Glossina Morsitans Midgut Trypsin In Vitro, M. O. Imbuga, E. O. Osir, V. L. Labongo

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The ability of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to inhibit trypsin or trypsin-like enzymes in crude midgut homogenates of Glossina morsitans morsitans was studied in vitro. The isolated parasites caused a concentration-dependent decrease in midgut trypsin activity. Furthermore, trypanosomes lysed by repeated freeze-thawing had a similar effect on trypsin activity. In both cases, the inhibition by either intact or lysed parasites was partial as revealed by Dixon plots. Similarly, trypanosome membrane proteins stoichiometrically inhibited trypsin activity, suggesting that the enzyme interacts specifically with a moiety on the parasite surface. The Km and Ki values obtained in this case were 35 μm and …

The Periodontal Intraosseous Defect Following Root Conditioning With Citric Acid And Wound Closure Including A Ptfe Membrane : An Experimental Study, Betty Glaser Kersten

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Treatment of the intrabony or intraosseous periodontal defect has rendered much attention over the last few decades. Numerous approaches have been advocated; however, overall comparisons between treatments do not exist. This review summarizes and discusses outcomes of therapeutic modalities in the intrabony periodontal lesion from controlled clinical studies. The modalities reviewed include scaling and root planning, gingival flap surgery, gingival flap surgery including wound closure with interdental denudation, root-biomodification, placement of autologous, allogenic, or xenogeneic bone grafts, placement of alloplastic grafts, and placement of tissue guiding barrier membranes. In addition histologic observations of healing in the intrabony periodontal lesion are …

Finding Hiv-Infected Women - The Clinician's Role, Mary Guinan

School of Public Health Faculty Research

An estimated 100,000 women are currently infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States, and a great majority of them are unaware of their condition. Approximately 20,000 HIV-infected women were identified through publicly funded HIV screening programs in 1989 and 1990, and an unknown number through private screening. Because most HIV-infected women are believed to be in the lower socioeconomic strata, it is unlikely that a significant number were identified in the private sector. Therefore, up to 80% of HIV-positive women may not know they are infected.