Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Frequency Of Influenza And Bacterial Co-Infection: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Eili Y. Klein, Bradley Monteforte, Alisha Gupta, Wendi Jiang, Larissa May, Yu-Hsiang Hsieh, Andrea Freyer Dugas

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

AIM: Co-infecting bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in influenza. However, there remains a paucity of literature on the magnitude of co-infection in influenza patients.

METHOD: A systematic search of MeSH, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and PubMed was performed. Studies of humans in which all individuals had laboratory confirmed influenza, and all individuals were tested for an array of common bacterial species, met inclusion criteria.

RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies including 3,215 participants met all inclusion criteria. Common etiologies were defined from a subset of eight articles. There was high heterogeneity in the results (I(2) …

Elevated Mtss1 Expression Associated With Metastasis And Poor Prognosis Of Residual Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiu-Yan Huang, Zi-Li Huang, Bin Xu, Zi Chen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Hepatectomy generally offers the best chance of long-term survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many studies have shown that hepatectomy accelerates tumor metastasis, but the mechanism remains unclear.

Methods: An orthotopic nude mice model with palliative HCC hepatectomy was performed in this study. Metastasis-related genes in tumor following resection were screened; HCC invasion, metastasis, and some molecular alterations were examined in vivo and in vitro. Clinical significance of key gene mRNA expression was also analyzed.

Upbeat Huntington’S Disease Film, Featuring Undaunted Family, Aims For 10 Million Views, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Human Papillomavirus Infection In Rwanda At The Moment Of Implementation Of A National Hpv Vaccination Programme, Fidele Ngabo, Silvia Franceschi, Iacopo Baussano, M. Chantal Umulisa, Peter Snijders, Anne Uyterlinde, Fulvio Lazzarato, Vanessa Tenet, Maurice Gatera, Agnes Binagwaho, Gary Clifford

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cervical cancer is the most common female cancer in Rwanda that, in 2011, became the first African country to implement a national vaccination programme against human papillomavirus (HPV). To provide a robust baseline for future evaluations of vaccine effectiveness, cervical cell specimens were obtained from 2508 women aged 18–69 years from the general population in Kigali, Rwanda, during 2013/14. 20 % of women were HIV-positive. Samples were used for liquid-based cytology and HPV testing (44 types) with GP5+/6+ PC.

Molecular Identification Of Different Trypanosome Species And Subspecies In Tsetse Flies Of Northern Nigeria, Clement Isaac, Marc Ciosi, Alana Hamilton, Kathleen Maria Scullion, Peter Dede, Igho Benjamin Igbinosa, Oyebiguwa Patrick Goddey Nmorsi, Dan Masiga, C. Michael R. Turner

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background: Animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is caused by several species of trypanosomes including Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, T. godfreyi, T. simiae and T. brucei. Two of the subspecies of T. brucei also cause Human African Trypanosomiasis. Although some of them can be mechanically transmitted by biting flies; these trypanosomes are all transmitted by tsetse flies which are the cyclical vectors of Trypanosoma congolense, T. godfreyi, T. simiae and T. brucei. We present here the first report assessing the prevalence of trypanosomes in tsetse flies in Nigeria using molecular tools. Methods: 488 tsetse flies of three species, Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. …

A Bi-Stable Switch In Virus Dynamics Can Explain The Differences In Disease Outcome Following Siv Infections In Rhesus Macaques, Stanca Ciupe, Christopher Miller, Jonathan Forde

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Determinants Of The Efficacy Of Hiv Latency Reversing Agents And Implications For Drug And Treatment Design, Ruian Ke

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Using Mathematical Modeling To Unmask The Concealed Nature Of Long Qt-3 Syndrome, Steven Poelzing, Amara Greer-Short, Seth H. Weinberg

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Temperature Variation On Dengue Fever: A Model-Based Investigation, Michael A. Robert, Paula D. Weber, Rebecca C. Christofferson, Christopher N. Mores, Helen J. Wearing

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Optimal Insecticide-Treated Bed-Net Coverage And Malaria Treatment In A Malaria-Hiv Co-Infection Model, Eric Numfor

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Using Predator Carrying Capacity For A Pathogenic Vector-Dynamic Differential Model, Rosahn P. Bhattarai

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Reverse Engineering A Kinetic Model Of A Dopaminergic Neuron To Apoptosis, Johnathan Morris

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Heterogeneous Responses To Viral Infection: Insights From Mathematical Modeling Of Yellow Fever Vaccine, James R. Moore

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

A Mathematical Model Of The Spread Of Dengue Fever Incorporating Mobility, Kelly A. Reagan

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Models Of Hiv And Hpv Coinfection, Samantha Erwin, Meghna Verma, Vida Abedi, Raquel Hontecillas-Magarzo, Stefan Hoops, Josep Bassaganya-Riera, Stanca M. Ciupe

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Global Dynamics Of A Model Of Joint Hormone Treatment With Dendritic Cell Vaccine For Prostate Cancer, Erica M. Rutter, Yang Kuang

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Can Including Time Delay In Epidemic Models Significantly Improve Predictions Concerning Intervention Strategies?, Adrienna N. Bingham, Leah Shaw

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Low Energy Defibrillation By Synchronization; 90 % Less Energy Compared To One Shock., Flavio H. Fenton, Yanyan Ji, Ilija Uzelac, Niels Otani, Elizabeth M. Cherry

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

A Structured Telephonic Transition Program For Heart Failure Patients, Julia E. Robinson

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

HF is a fatal condition affecting more than 5 million Americans leading to frequent hospitalizations, poor quality of life and death. The annual cost to the healthcare system is approximately $38 billion, ranking HF as one of the costliest conditions to manage. Significant evidence exists that HF self-care management programs improve patient self-care and decrease HF-related readmissions. Current guidelines recommend health professionals provide comprehensive HF education focused on knowledge, skills of management, and self-care behaviors.

The Iowa Model of Evidence Based Practice provided the foundation for the practice change. Structured telephonic support (STS) was based on Bandura’s Self- Efficacy behavior …

Health Care Transition Program For Adolescents With Spina Bifida, Teresa M. Scavone

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

The purpose of this evidence-based project was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing an NP facilitated formal transition program for adolescents with Spina Bifida. There is an increased awareness of the need for health care transition for youth with special health care needs (YSHCN) due to the 2009-2010 Maternal Child Health Branch National Survey findings that only 40% of YSHCN receive adequate support for transition that meets the core outcome measures. Recent studies have investigated transition in youth with chronic disease specific conditions such as diabetes, cystic fibrosis, and congenital heart defects, and provide valuable insight into possible strategies for …

Asthma Control Screening Using The Electronic Health Record, Accursia A. Baldassano, Jonathon Mack

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

ABSTRACT

Experts in asthma care globally recommend screening for asthma control in all patients with asthma through the use of an evidence-based tool. This project embedded the Asthma Control Test (ACT) in the electronic health record to determine if screening for control would change compared to standard care.

Methods

An electronic template of the ACT was embedded in the electronic health record system for a community faith-based family medicine clinic. All patients 12 years and older with a previous diagnosis of asthma were included in this project. These patients were screened for asthma control using the template at every appointment. …

Phylogenetic Analysis Of Human Cytomegalovirus Pus27 And Pus28: Ascertaining An Independent Or Linked Evolutionary History, Jessica A. Scarborough

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that is particularly skilled at evading immune detection and defense mechanisms, largely due to extensive co-evolution with its host’s immune system. One aspect of this co-evolution involves the acquisition of four virally encoded GPCR chemokine receptor homologs, products of the US27, US28, UL33 and UL78 genes. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are the largest family of cell surface proteins, found in organisms from yeast to humans. In this research, phylogenetic analysis was used to investigate the origins of the US27 and US28 genes, which are adjacent in the viral genome. The results indicate that …

Toward A Common Secure Future: Four Global Commissions In The Wake Of Ebola, Lawrence O. Gostin, Oyewale Tomori, Suwit Wibulpolprasert, Ashish K. Jha, Julio Frenk, Suerie Moon, Joy Phumaphi, Peter Piot, Barbara Stocking, Victor J. Dzau, Gabriel M. Leung

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The world is becoming increasingly vulnerable to pandemics resulting from globalization, urbanization, intense human/animal interchange, and climate change. A series of global health crises have emerged since 2000, ranging from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and its phylogenetic cousin Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), to pandemic Influenza A (H1N1), Ebola, and the ongoing Zika virus epidemic. The Ebola epidemic gave rise to four global commissions proposing a bold new agenda for global health preparedness and response for future infectious disease threats.

Four global commissions reviewing the recent Ebola virus disease epidemic response consistently recommended strengthening national health systems, consolidating and …

Hiv-1 Genetic Variation Resulting In The Development Of New Quasispecies Continues To Be Encountered In The Peripheral Blood Of Well-Suppressed Patients., Will Dampier, Michael R Nonnemacher, Joshua Mell, Joshua Earl, Garth D Ehrlich, Vanessa Pirrone, Benjamas Aiamkitsumrit, Wen Zhong, Katherine Kercher, Shendra Passic, Jean W Williams, Jeffrey M Jacobson, Brian Wigdahl

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

As a result of antiretroviral therapeutic strategies, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has become a long-term clinically manageable chronic disease for many infected individuals. However, despite this progress in therapeutic control, including undetectable viral loads and CD4+ T-cell counts in the normal range, viral mutations continue to accumulate in the peripheral blood compartment over time, indicating either low level reactivation and/or replication. Using patients from the Drexel Medicine CNS AIDS Research and Eradication Study (CARES) Cohort, whom have been sampled longitudinally for more than 7 years, genetic change was modeled against to the dominant integrated proviral quasispecies with …

Norovirus Infection And Acquired Immunity In 8 Countries: Results From The Mal-Ed Study, Furqan Kabir, Adil Kalam, Pascal Bessong Pascal Bessong, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Anita K. M. Zaidi, (Mal-Ed) Network Investigators, Imran Ahmed, Didar Alam, Syed Asad Ali, Shahida Qureshi, Muneera Rasheed, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Ali Turab, Aisha Khizar Yousafzai

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Norovirus is an important cause of childhood diarrhea. We present data from a longitudinal, multicountry study describing norovirus epidemiology during the first 2 years of life.
Methods: A birth cohort of 1457 children across 8 countries contributed 7077 diarrheal stools for norovirus testing. A subset of 199 children contributed additional asymptomatic samples (2307) and diarrheal stools (770), which were used to derive incidence rates and evaluate evidence for acquired immunity.
Results: Across sites, 89% of children experienced at least 1 norovirus infection before 24 months, and 22.7% of all diarrheal stools were norovirus positive. Severity of norovirus-positive diarrhea was …

The Utility Of Remote Hemodynamic Monitoring Devices In Patients With A Ventricular Assist Device, Bennet George, Amanda Hart, Sarah Branam, Maya Guglin

The VAD Journal

Remote intracardiac hemodynamic monitoring is a growing area of interest to help aid in the management of patients with chronic congestive heart failure. The utility of remote hemodynamic monitoring has not previously been investigated with a ventricular assist device population. We present two cases of patients with ventricular assist devices in which we employed remote hemodynamic monitoring data to aid in patient management.

Revealing The Quality Of Movement: A Meta-Analysis Review To Quantify The Thresholds To Pathological Variability During Standing And Walking, Niklas König Ignasiak

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Neuromotor processes are inherently noisy, which results in variability during movement and fluctu-ations in motor control. Although controversial, low levels of variability are traditionally considered healthy, while increased levels are thought to be pathological. This systematic review and meta-analysisof the literature investigates the thresholds between healthy and pathological task variability.

After examining 13,195 publications, 109 studies were included. Results from over 3000 healthy sub-jects and 2775 patients revealed an overall positive effect size of pathology on variability of 0.59 forwalking and 0.80 for sway. For the coefficient of variation of stride time (ST) and sway area (SA), upperthresholds of 2.6% …

The Mysteries Of Your Blood, Alexandra J. Mauer

BU Well

Did you know that your blood type can be useful for determining disease susceptibility and even creating a diet that works best for your personal metabolism? The Mysteries of your Blood is an article that delves into the science behind the ABO blood types and explains why your body can handle certain foods, stress, and illness differently than someone with a different blood type. It proposes a new, perplexing way to determine how to avoid certain health problems while at the same time offering suggestions of what to eat or, rather, what to avoid eating.

An N Of One: My Review Of Management Of Type 1 Diabetes, Myself As Patient, Jarred Daugherty

BU Well

As technology has advanced, so has the management of diabetes. Insulin, the essential medication for type 1 diabetes, is marketed in an array of formulations and devices. Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) can be inserted to measure blood glucose every 5 minutes. The rise of social media has given diabetics online support groups, where they can share their story and learn from others overcoming similar challenges. So, how well do the current diabetes management strategies work? My name Is Jarred and I’m a type 1 diabetic. I have tried many of these products and this article is a review of my …

Cardiac Remodeling And Dysfunction In Childhood Obesity: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study, Linyuan Jing, Cassi M. Binkley, Jonathan D. Suever, Nivedita Umasankar, Christopher M. Haggerty, Jennifer Rich, Christopher D. Nevius, Gregory J. Wehner, Sean M. Hamlet, David K. Powell, Aurelia Radulescu, H. Lester Kirchner, Frederick H. Epstein, Brandon K. Fornwalt

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background: Obesity affects nearly one in five children and is associated with increased risk of premature death. Obesity-related heart disease contributes to premature death. We aimed to use cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to comprehensively characterize the changes in cardiac geometry and function in obese children.

Methods and results: Forty-one obese/overweight (age 12 ± 3 years, 56 % female) and 29 healthy weight children (age 14 ± 3 years, 41 % female) underwent CMR, including both standard cine imaging and displacement encoded imaging, for a complete assessment of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. After adjusting for age, LV mass index …