Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of Lung Function On Exacerbations, Health Care Utilization, And Costs Among Patients With Copd, Xuehua Ke, Jessica Marvel, Tzy-Chyi Yu, Debra Wertz, Caroline Geremakis, Liya Wang, Judith J. Stephenson, David M. Mannino

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objective: To evaluate the impact of lung function, measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) % predicted, on health care resource utilization and costs among patients with COPD in a real-world US managed-care population.

Methods: This observational retrospective cohort study utilized administrative claim data augmented with medical record data. The study population consisted of patients with one or more medical claims for pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry during the intake period (July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013). The index date was the date of the earliest medical claim for pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry. Spirometry results were …

Mir-27a And Mir-27b Regulate Autophagic Clearance Of Damaged Mitochondria By Targeting Pten-Induced Putative Kinase 1 (Pink1), Jaekwang Kim, Fabienne C. Fiesel, Krystal C. Belmonte, Roman Hudec, Wang-Xia Wang, Chaeyoung Kim, Peter T. Nelson, Wolfdieter Springer, Jungsu Kim

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 and PARKIN are the most common causes of autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD). PINK1 is a mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role in mitophagy, a selective autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggests mitochondrial dysfunction is one of central mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis. Therefore, identifying regulatory mechanisms of PINK1 expression may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for PD. Although post-translational stabilization of PINK1 upon mitochondrial damage has been extensively studied, little is known about the regulation mechanism of PINK1 at the transcriptional or translational levels.

Results: Here, we demonstrated that microRNA-27a (miR-27a) and …

Patient‐Defined Goals For The Treatment Of Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Qualitative Analysis, Megan Coylewright, Roseanne Palmer, Elizabeth S. O'Neill, John F. Robb, Terri Fried

Dartmouth Scholarship

Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) at high risk for aortic valve replacement are a unique population with multiple treatment options, including medical therapy, surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Traditionally, in elderly populations, goals of treatment may favour quality of life over survival. Professional guidelines recommend that clinicians engage patients in shared decision making, a process that may lead to decisions more aligned with patient-defined goals of care. Goals of care for high-risk patients with AS are not well defined in the literature, and patient-reported barriers to shared decision making highlight the need for explicit …

Statin Therapy For Elderly Patients Should Be Assessed For Each Individual, Raymond Gong

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9346):1623-30. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11600-X

Salvage Therapy For Non-Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure Includes N-Acetylcysteine, David Robinson

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Lee WM, Hynan LS, Rossaro L, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(3):856-864. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06.006

Hdac6 Inhibition Prevents Tnf-Α-Induced Caspase 3 Activation In Lung Endothelial Cell And Maintains Cell-Cell Junctions, Jinyan Yu, Mengshi Ma, Zhongsen Ma, Jian Fu

Center for Research on Environmental Disease Faculty Publications

Pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α induce caspase activation in endothelial cells, which leads to degradation of cellular proteins, induction of apoptotic signaling, and endothelial cell dysfunction. New therapeutic agents that can inhibit caspase activation may provide protection against inflammatory injury to endothelial cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibition on TNF-α induced caspase 3 activation and cell-cell junction dysfunction in lung endothelial cells. We also assessed the protective effects of HDAC6 inhibition against lung inflammatory injury in a mouse model of endotoxemia. We demonstrated that selective HDAC6 inhibition or knockdown of …

The Clinical, Biochemical And Genetic Features Associated With Rmnd1-Related Mitochondrial Disease., Yi Shiau Ng, Charlotte L Alston, Daria Diodato, Andrew A Morris, Nicole Ulrick, Stanislav Kmoch, +Several Additional Authors

Neurology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the RMND1 (Required for Meiotic Nuclear Division protein 1) gene have recently been linked to infantile onset mitochondrial disease characterised by multiple mitochondrial respiratory chain defects.

METHODS: We summarised the clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic investigation of an international cohort of affected individuals with RMND1 mutations. In addition, we reviewed all the previously published cases to determine the genotype-phenotype correlates and performed survival analysis to identify prognostic factors.

RESULTS: We identified 14 new cases from 11 pedigrees that harbour recessive RMND1 mutations, including 6 novel variants: c.533C>A, p.(Thr178Lys); c.565C>T, p.(Gln189*); c.631G>A, p.(Val211Met); c.1303C>T, …

Optimal Control Analysis Of Ebola Disease With Control Strategies Of Quarantine And Vaccination, Muhammad Dure Ahmad, Muhammad Usman, Adnan Khan, Mudassar Imran

Mathematics Faculty Publications

The 2014 Ebola epidemic is the largest in history, affecting multiple countries in West Africa. Some isolated cases were also observed in other regions of the world.

The Role Of Infectious And Stress-Related Onsets In Myalgic Encephalomyelitis And Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Symptomatology And Functioning, Andrew R. Devendorf, Abigail A. Brown, Leonard A. Jason

DePaul Discoveries

This study examined how the mode of onset for myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME and CFS) impacts patients’ presenting symptomatology. Specifically, this study investigated the differences between the most commonly reported ME and CFS onsets: infectious, stress-related, and a combined infectious and stress-related onset (referred to as ‘combined onset’). Three patient samples were combined and utilized. All participants met Fukuda et al. (1994) criteria and self-reported their illness onset. Analyses showed the infectious group reported the most impairment for general health functioning—which relates to the susceptibility of getting or feeling sick—in comparison to the stress-related group. Meanwhile, both …

Cellular Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 5 (Mcm5) Is Incorporated Into Hiv-1 Virions And Modulates Viral Replication In The Newly Infected Cells., Steven Santos, Yuri Obukhov, Sergei Nekhai, Tatiana Pushkarsky, Beda Brichacek, Michael Bukrinsky, Sergey Iordanskiy

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

The post-entry events of HIV-1 infection occur within reverse transcription complexes derived from the viral cores entering the target cell. HIV-1 cores contain host proteins incorporated from virus-producing cells. In this report, we show that MCM5, a subunit of the hexameric minichromosome maintenance (MCM) DNA helicase complex, associates with Gag polyprotein and is incorporated into HIV-1 virions. The progeny virions depleted of MCM5 demonstrated reduced reverse transcription in newly infected cells, but integration and subsequent replication steps were not affected. Interestingly, increased packaging of MCM5 into the virions also led to reduced reverse transcription, but here viral replication was impaired. …

Food Habits, Lifestyle Factors, And Risk Of Prostate Cancer In Central Argentina: A Case Control Study Involving Self-Motivated Health Behavior Modifications After Diagnosis, Winston J. Craig, Sandaly O. S. Pacheco, Fabio J. Pacheco, Gimena M. J. Zapata, Julieta M. E. Garcia, Carlos A. Previale, Hector E. Cura

Faculty Publications

Cancer is the second most important non-communicable disease worldwide and disproportionately impacts low- to middle-income countries. Diet in combination with other lifestyle habits seems to modify the risk for some cancers but little is known about South Americans. Food habits of Argentinean men pre- and post-diagnosis of prostate cancer (n = 326) were assessed along with other lifestyle factors. We studied whether any of the behaviors and risk factors for prostate cancer were found in men with other cancers (n = 394), compared with control subjects (n = 629). Before diagnosis, both cases reported a greater mean consumption of meats …

The Immunomodulatory Role Of Adjuvants In Vaccines Formulated With The Recombinant Antigens Ov-103 And Ov-Ral-2 Against Onchocerca Volvulus In Mice., Jessica A. Hess Ligas, Bin Zhan, April R. Torigian, John B. Patton, Nikolai Petrovsky, Tingting Zhan, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Peter J. Hotez, Thomas R. Klei, Sara Lustigman, David Abraham

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: In some regions in Africa, elimination of onchocerciasis may be possible with mass drug administration, although there is concern based on several factors that onchocerciasis cannot be eliminated solely through this approach. A vaccine against Onchocerca volvulus would provide a critical tool for the ultimate elimination of this infection. Previous studies have demonstrated that immunization of mice with Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2, when formulated with alum, induced protective immunity. It was hypothesized that the levels of protective immunity induced with the two recombinant antigens formulated with alum would be improved by formulation with other adjuvants known to enhance different types …

Dasatinib-Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles Possess Diminished Endothelial Cell Barrier Disruption And Retain Potent Anti-Leukemia Cell Activity, Chunling Dong, Bo Li, Zhenyu Li, Sreerama Shetty, Jian Fu

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Dasatinib (DAS), a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is highly effective in treating chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, its clinical use is limited due to serious adverse effects. DAS can disrupt endothelial barrier integrity and increase endothelial permeability which may cause peripheral edema and pleural effusion. Albumin nanoparticles (NPs) as a drug carrier may serve as a useful tool for cell-selective drug delivery to reduce DAS-induced endothelial hyperpermeability and maintain endothelial barrier integrity. In this study, we reported that DAS-loaded NPs exhibited potent anti-leukemia efficacy as DAS alone. Importantly, albumin NPs as a drug carrier markedly …

Physical Activity Among Older American Indians And Alaska Natives, David Hodgins, Linda Larkey, Barbara E. Ainsworth, Colleen Keller

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction: Life style behaviors contribute to poor health among older Americans Indians/Alaska Native (AI/AN) in the United States, with low levels of physical activity (PA) particularly tied to the chronic disease profile of this population. Searched reviews of physical activity among AI/ANs are limited in assessing prevalence and correlates to PA among older adults > 40 years.

Methods: A literature search of reported physical activity studies among older AI/AN was assessed for prevalence and predictive factors associated with levels of physical activity.

Results: Fourteen studies were included in this review that either specifically quantified the amount of physical activity among older …

Global Assessment Of Schistosomiasis Control Over The Past Century Shows Targeting The Snail Intermediate Host Works Best., Susanne H Sokolow, Chelsea L Wood, Isabel J Jones, Scott J Swartz, Melina Lopez, Michael H. Hsieh, Kevin D Lafferty, Armand M Kuris, Chloe Rickards, Giulio A De Leo

Urology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite control efforts, human schistosomiasis remains prevalent throughout Africa, Asia, and South America. The global schistosomiasis burden has changed little since the new anthelmintic drug, praziquantel, promised widespread control.

METHODOLOGY: We evaluated large-scale schistosomiasis control attempts over the past century and across the globe by identifying factors that predict control program success: snail control (e.g., molluscicides or biological control), mass drug administrations (MDA) with praziquantel, or a combined strategy using both. For data, we compiled historical information on control tactics and their quantitative outcomes for all 83 countries and territories in which: (i) schistosomiasis was allegedly endemic during the …

Cardiac Arrest In An Adolescent With Uhl’S Anomaly: Two Unusual Cardiac Arrhythmia Mechanisms, Jeffrey P. Moak, Gail D. Pearson, Bradley Clark, Charles I. Berul, Russell R. Cross, Dilip S. Nath

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Disease Burden And Functional Outcomes In Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy: A Cross-Sectional Study, Nicholas E. Johnson, Russell Butterfield, Kiera Berggren, Man Hung, Wei Chen, Deanna Dibella, Melissa Dixon, Heather Hayes, Evan M. Pucillo, Jerry Bounsanga, Chad Heatwole, Craig Campbell

Physical Therapy Collection

OBJECTIVE: Herein, we describe the disease burden and age-related changes of congenital-onset myotonic dystrophy (CDM) in childhood.

METHODS: Children with CDM and age-matched controls aged 0 to 13 years were enrolled. Participants were divided into cohorts based on the following age groups: 0-2, 3-6, and 7-13 years. Each cohort received age-appropriate evaluations including functional testing, oral facial strength testing, neuropsychological testing, quality-of-life measurements, and ECG. Independent-samples t test or Wilcoxon 2-sample test was used to compare the differences between children with CDM and controls. Probability values less than 0.05 are reported as significant.

RESULTS: Forty-one participants with CDM and 29 …

Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Tyler B. Skelton

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Guillain-Barre Syndrome consists of a group of neuropathic conditions characterized by progressive weakness and diminished or absent myotatic reflexes. The estimated annual incidence in the United States is 1.65 to1.79 per 100,000 persons (Walling & Dickson, 2013). Understanding how this condition progresses and the affects it has on a patient will assistant in providing optimal patient care as a future nurse anesthetist. As stated by Turakhia, P., Barrick, B., and Berman, J. (2013) “the anesthetic implications for the various comorbidities are varied and can be profound” (p.1). An individual who suffers from Guillain-Barre is a patient who certainly requires critical …

Kawasaki Disease In Pediatric Patients, Cassandra F. Krinn

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an idiopathic, multi system disorder that is characterized by vasculitis of the arteries, capillaries, and veins. It typically affects children 5 years old or younger and is predominately seen in male children of Japanese decent. The inflammation of the blood vessels seen makes Kawasaki disease the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, with 20% of those affected developing coronary artery aneurysms, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure. Diagnosis is based on criteria including presence of fever for 5 days, bilateral conjunctivitis, erythema of the lips and oral mucosa, changes in extremities, rash, and cervical lymphadenopathy. …

Gram-Negative Bacteria And Sepsis, Christine D. Ridge

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Today’s medical world encompasses an environment in which gram-negative bacteria that once were defeated with common antibiotics, have now become resistant. Gram-negative bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, and Acinetobacter are pathogens that are an emerging threat causing sepsis due to multidrug-resistance (Pop-Vicas & Opal, 2014, p.189). The multidrug-resistance mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria coupled with a patient population commonly seen in hospital settings, that consist of immunocompromised adults due to advancing age, comorbidities (e.g. AIDS, history of transplants, diabetes, and chemotherapy), and immunotherapies, create an environment for advanced infection or sepsis to take place.

Complications of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria …

Biliary Microbiota, Gallstone Disease And Infection With Opisthorchis Felineus., Irina V. Saltykova, Vjacheslav A Petrov, Maria D Logacheva, Polina G Ivanova, Nikolay V Merzlikin, Alexey E Sazonov, Ludmila M Ogorodova, Paul J. Brindley

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in the microbiome of the hepatobiliary system. This study investigated the influence of infection with the fish-borne liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus on the biliary microbiome of residents of the Tomsk region of western Siberia.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Samples of bile were provided by 56 study participants, half of who were infected with O. felineus, and all of who were diagnosed with gallstone disease. The microbiota of the bile was investigated using high throughput, Illumina-based sequencing targeting the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. About 2,797, discrete phylotypes of prokaryotes were detected. At the level of phylum, bile from …

Important Strategies For Effective Family Planning Counseling, Savera Aziz Ali, Minaz Mawani, Gulshan Bano, Sumera Aziz Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

No abstract provided.

Use Of Smokeless Tobacco In Medical Students And Hypertension, Sumera Aziz Ali

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease: A Rare Disease With An Unusual Presentation, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Terrance Hadley, Melissa Kesler, Zartash Gul

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

IgG4-RD can also present in the skeletal muscle, mimicking several other diseases. It is unusual for this relatively new classification of diseases to present in the muscles and can be mistakenly diagnosed as other autoimmune diseases rendering a delay in the appropriate management and progression of the disease.

Validation Of Noninvasive Measures Of Left Ventricular Mechanics In Children: A Simultaneous Echocardiographic And Conductance Catheterization Study., Shahryar M. Chowdhury, Ryan J. Butts, Carolyn L. Taylor, Varsha M. Bandisode, Karen S. Chessa, Anthony M. Hlavacek, Girish S. Shirali, G Hamilton Baker

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The accuracy of echocardiography in evaluating left ventricular contractility has not been validated in children. The objective of this study was to compare echocardiographic measures of contractility with those derived from pressure-volume loop (PVL) analysis in children.

METHODS: Patients with relatively normal loading conditions undergoing routine left heart catheterization were prospectively enrolled. PVLs were obtained via conductance catheters. The gold-standard measure of contractility, end-systolic elastance (Ees), was obtained via balloon occlusion of one or both vena cavae. Echocardiograms were performed immediately after PVL analysis under the same anesthetic conditions. Single-beat estimations of echocardiographic Ees were calculated using four different …

Physical Activity And Risk Of Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer, Diabetes, Ischemic Heart Disease, And Ischemic Stroke Events: Systematic Review And Dose-Response Meta-Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2013, Hmwe H. Kyu, Victoria F. Bachman, Lily T. Alexander, John E. Mumford, Ashkan Afshin, Kara Estep, J. Lennert Veerman, Kristen Delwiche

Dartmouth Scholarship

Objective: To quantify the dose-response associations between total physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events.

Early-Onset Alzheimer’S: Should You Worry?, Troy Rohn

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

You have forgotten where you put your car keys, or you can’t seem to remember the name of your colleague you saw in the grocery store the other day. You fear the worst, that maybe these are signs of Alzheimer’s disease.

Subcutaneous Mycosis At The Department Of Dermatology And Venereology Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, 1989-2013, Sammy Yahya, Sandra Widaty, Eliza Miranda, Kusmarinah Bramono, Artini Wijayanti Islami

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Introduction: Subcutaneous mycosis (SM) is a fungal infection involving dermis and subcutaneous tissue, which can disseminate slowly through systemic blood or lymphatic circulation. The subacute or chronic infection usually found in workers of rural tropical and subtropical area. SM occurs due to trauma along with other predisposing factors such as sex, genetic and occupation.

Aim: To identify the types of SM, its clinical findings, laboratory work-up and the treatment at the Dermatomycology Division, Department of Dermatology and Venereology dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital between the year 1989 and 2013.

Method: This retrospective study collected data from medical …

Atopic Dermatitis In The Elderly, Yudo Irawan, Rahadi Rihatmadja, Lili Legiawati, Shannaz Nadia Yusharyahya, Sri Adi Sularsito

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurrent skin inflammation accompanied by itching. The incidence of AD is increasing worldwide. AD, which persists until elderly or with an onset during elderly, is known as senile AD. It has different prevalence and clinical features from other AD stages. Senile atopic dermatitis affects males more than females, which is different from other stages of AD. Skin manifestation of senile AD is similar with the adult stage of Hanifin-Rajka criteria, but can be atypical. The typical feature of senile AD is eczematous dermatitis around a free-lesion fossa. Other common clinical manifestations are erythroderma and non- …

Failure To Use Routine Prevention Of Disability (Pod) Assessment Resulting In Permanent Disability, Erika Zoulba, Emmy Soedarmi Sjamsoe, Sri Linuwih Menaldi, Melani Marissa, Yudo Irawan

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Disability is one of problems in leprosy or Morbus Hansen (MH), which can cause the patient loose his autonomy and may affect his social relationship with family and community. Disability occurs due to neurological inflammation that can manifest as silent neuritis (which develops without any pain). Silent neuritis can be recognized early with a routine prevention of disability (POD) assessment.

A 19-year-old male patient was referred from a District General Hospital with a history of numbness and stiffness of his 4th and 5th fingers of his left hand since 1 month before admittance. The patient was refered by Community Health …