Research Methods in Life Sciences Commons^™

Relationship Of Resting And Submaximal Cardiovascular Measures To Vo[2]Max In Untrained Children, Thomas A. Cappaert

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Participation by children in organized sport continues to increase. A 1994 survey of 10,000 households by the National Sporting Goods Association (1994) found that approximately 40,000 children between the ages of 7-17 years participate in an organized sport or recreational activity annually. In the realm of organized sports, especially endurance activities, there continues to be interest in how cardiovascular fitness is attained and how it can be maximized. Measurement of cardiovascular fitness is an important piece to that puzzle.

The most common and most descriptive measure for children and adults, is the maximal oxygen uptake or max (Astrand & Rodahl, …

The Tadpole Of Pseudis Minuta (Anura: Pseudidae), An Apparent Case Of Heterochrony, Rafael O. De Sá, Esteban O. Lavilla

Biology Faculty Publications

The external morphology, oral disc, and coloration pattern of the larva of Pseudis minuta are described. Tadpoles are mostly bottom dwellers that have a small, terminal oral disc with a labial tooth row formula 1(1-1)/(1-1)2. Internal oral anatomy is characterized using scanning electron microscopy, representing the only description available for the family Pseudidae. The coloration pattern of P. minuta tadpoles is compared with that of other pseudids. Pseudis minuta larvae do not exhibit the ontogenetic coloration change reported for P. paradoxa. Considering larval coloration, larval size, and reports of adult size, acceleration or hypermorphosis are suggested as possible heterochronic mechanisms …

Problems With The Interpretation Of Mark-Release-Recapture Data In Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Anthony D. Curtis, Deborah A. Waller

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Lincoln index (Peterson method) is frequently used to estimate animal population size in mark-release-recapture studies. We tested the accuracy of this method to estimate termite colony size using logs infested with termites that were maintained in the laboratory. Termites were fed paper towels dyed either with 0.05% or 0.1% (w/w) of the dye marker Nile blue and released into their host logs in the laboratory. Following recapture a week later, estimates of termite population size for termites dyed with 0.05% Nile blue, and were approximately 3 times greater for termites dyed with 0.1% Nile blue. Concentrations of 0.1% Nile …

The Effects Of Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation On Platelet Aggregation And Plasma Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein In Hypercholesterolemic Rats, Russell W. Thurman

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Russell W. Thurman on April 28, 1995.

A New Model Species For Cultured Teleost Retinal Cell Studies: Light And Scanning Electron Microscopy, Lori Ann Steinfeldt

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Purpose: To examine retinal horizontal and bipolar cells cultured from goldfish (Carassius auratus), black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) on the light and electron microscope levels; and to compare them with cells from a more established model, the wild white bass (Roccus chrysops). Methods: Retinas from all species were dissociated by methods developed with wild white bass (Dowling et al., 1985). Cell type was identified within the first 3 hr and cells were cultured for up to 2 wk in L-15 medium. At various intervals, cells were fixed in glutaraldehyde, …

Xenopus Laevis As A Model Organism, David C. Cannatella, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Model organisms are often assumed to be representative of some more inclusive taxon of which the species is a part. This assumption leads to mistaken generalizations about the evolutionary and comparative significance of the data gathered. This paper reviews com? parative and evolutionary studies of Xenopus laevis and its relatives. Phylogenetic analysis of data from DNA sequences and morphology indicate that Xenopus is monophyletic and that Silurana is its sister group. The most basal lineages of Pipidae diverged prior to the breakup of Gondwana. The bizarre morphology of Xenopus is in part due to changes in the mode of meta? …

Ribosomal Dna And The Phylogeny Of Frogs, David M. Hills, Loren K. Ammerman, Michael T. Dixon, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Phylogenetic analysis of 1656 aligned sites in the 28S ribosomal RNA gene of frogs supports some of the recently recognized higher groups of anurans but provides counter-support for others. The 28S rDNA data support the monophyly of the recently recognized Pipanura (me- sobatrachians plus neobatrachians), which in turn indicates paraphyly of archaeobatrachians. Me- sobatrachians (pelobatoids plus pipoids), which are either considered paraphyletic or weakly sup- ported as monophyletic in morphological analyses, also receive support as a monophyletic group from the 28S rDNA data. Hyloidea (=Bufonoidea), which is widely recognized but lacks morphological support, receives some molecular support as being monophyletic. …

Modulation Of Rat Hepatic S9-Dependent Mutagenesis, Dna Binding, And Metabolism Of Aflatoxin B1 And Benzo[A]Pyrene By Four Chinese Medicinal Herbs, Brian Yuen Yau Wong

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Extracts of the herbs Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) and Scutellaria barbata (SB) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver, lung and rectal tumors while extracts of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Ligustrum lucidum (LL) are often used as adjuncts in cancer therapy. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous extracts of these four herbs on aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol (BaP 7,8-DHD) and benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-induced mutagenesis, mediated by enzymes in rat hepatic 9000 x g supernatant (S9), in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. We also studied the effects of these four herbs on …

Effects Of Dietary Corn Oil And Menhaden Oil On Rats Mammary Tumorigenesis And Prostaglandin E2 Levels, Melissa L. Philley

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Melissa L. Philley on August 4, 1989.

Density, Length Frequency Distribution, Growth Rate, And Condition Of The Freshwater Mussel, ̲A̲N̲Od̲O̲N̲T̲A ̲I̲M̲B̲E̲C̲I̲L̲L̲I̲S Say 1829, In Six Ponds At The Clifton F. Mcclintic Public Hunting And Fishing Area, Mason County, West Virginia, Jeff L. Harmon

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Populations of the freshwater mussel Anodonta imbecillis Say 1829, were sampled from six ponds at the Clifton F. McClintic Public Hunting and Fishing Area in Mason County West Virginia from April 1986 to May 1987. One of the six ponds, pond 12, is contaminated with byproducts from the manufacture of TNT which occurred at the site during World War II. Population density, length frequency distribution, growth rates and condition indices were examined for each population to establish baseline data for the species and to determine what effects the contaminants might be having on these organisms.

Population densities ranged from 4.8 …

Relationship Between Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity And Hormone Dependency In Rat Mammary Cancer, Lila S. Berry

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Lila S. Berry on May 2, 1985.

Repair Of Lethal Damage Induced In A Hamster X Amphibian Hybrid Tissue Culture Cell Line By Ultraviolet Light And Gamma Ray, Susan Kulp, Ann Page, H. Gaston Griggs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A hybrid cell line was formed by fusing cells from two established vertebrate tissue culture cell lines (V79B1 hamster and A84 Xenopus), which were known to differ substantially in resistance to some radiation-induced lesions and in associated repair potential. Ultraviolet and gamma ray dose-survival relations were then determined and analyzed for the three cell lines, primarily to compare the radiosensitivity (Do dose) of the hybrid line with that of each parental line for each radiation. Further experimentation was conducted to determine the extent to which observed differences in these Do doses could be attributed to interactions of the combined parental …

A Morphometrical Analysis Of The Guinea Pig Placenta After Chronic Exposure To Carbon Monoxide, Marcella J. Woolsey

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

We used morphometric analysis to determine if placental structure is modified by carbon monoxide, Camm-Hartley guinea pigs were exposed throughout gestation to chronic conditions of carbon monoxide (averaging about 180 parts per million). Maternal weight, placental weight, fetal weight, and fetal length were recorded at the time of placental fixation. Using a computerized image analyzer on photomicrographs obtained through light microscopy, we measured maternal and fetal percent vessel volumes, surface areas, and vessel numbers. Maternal vessel numbers and surface area remained basically unchanged but decreased slightly. Maternal percent volume decreased 15%. However, fetal capillary number increased 35% (p < 0.01) from a control value of 2325 ± 184 per mm² (SE …

Agar Plate Culture Of Selected Trypanosomatidae, Amy Doran Keppel

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Summary

The study of trypanosomatid biology would benefit greatly from the acquisition of a tool for culturing such as those used in microbiology. Agar plate culture has been described several times, but until the present its potential for use in this area has been underestimated. The previous work has demonstrated that this culture method may be used to culture a wide variety of species, that these species give rise to identifiable colony phenotypes, and that these are stable regardless of the life cycle stage used to initiate the culture. It was also shown that colonies could be initiated from the …

Concomitant Infections With The Parasites Trypanosoma Musculi Kendall, 1906 And Trichinella Spiralis (Owen, 1835) Raillet, 1896 In The Laboratory Mouse, Musmusculus, Joan Chew Liang Tan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Four groups of female Swiss Webster mice were injected intraperitoneally with similar volumes of normal saline, sonicated Trypanosoma musculi and saline, sonicated trypanosomes and Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) and FCA. When the mice became immune and thus responded negatively to a T. musculi challenge, sera were collected and administered to four other groups of mice to establish passive immunity in these animals.

An established dose of innoculum of Trichinella spiralis larvae (8.1 larvae/gram of body weight) was given to all the mice by gastric gavage. These mice were killed 26 days later and the musculature digested with artificial gastric juice …

The Effect Of Rutin On Swine Serum Cholesterol And Lipoproteins, Jimmy R. Salyer

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Sciences and Mathematics at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Jimmy R. Salyer on May 8, 1979.

The Effect Of Quercetin-3-B-Rutinoside On Blood Coagulation And The Development Of Atherosclerotic Lesions In Swines, Milford C. Jarrells

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Sciences and Mathematics at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree on Master of Science in Biology by Milford C. Jarrells on May 8, 1979.

The Effects Of Prenatal Injections Of Adrenocorticotropin And Glucocorticoid On Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase And Glycogen In Neonatal Rat Liver, Zindoga Tiz J. Bungu

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Sciences and Mathematics at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Zindoga Tiz J. Bungu on March 1, 1979.

The Effect Of Septal Lesions And Postoperative Time Delay On A Shuttle Sidman Avoidance Task, Martin David Tier

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Education at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Martin David Tier on June 9, 1977.

Effects Of Hypothyroidism In Mice Infected With Schistosoma Japonicum Katsurada, 1904, Venus Ee-Siriporn

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Section I:

In order to determine the effects of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on the Formosan strain of Schistosoma japonicum in mice, one group of mice (NON-PTU) was maintained on Purina Lab Chow meal only; the other group of mice (PTU) was fed a goiterogenic diet of 0.2% propylthiouracil in Purina Lab Chow meal. The mice in both groups were percutaneously exposed to 60 to 72 cercariae. The mice were perfused for schistosomes after an infection period of two months. It was found that the number of worms recovered was not significantly different between the two groups of mice. PTU mice weighed …

Concurrent Infections Of Schistosoma Mansoni And Trypanosoma Equiperdum In Mice, Venus Ee-Siriporn

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this investigation was to determine factors which may influence the survival time of mice infected with Trypanosoma equiperdum and the effects of T. equiperdum on mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

In order to maintain experimentally obtained standard hours of survival (88 hrs) in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 150,000 T. equiperdum, it was found that trypanosomes removed from the donor rat should be kept at 25 C and all counts, dilutions of the organisms, and injection should be completed within 1 hour after removal from the donor host. Survival time of mice is increased as the …

Periosteal Circulation And Its Contribution To The Nutrition Of Compact Bone, Jean Elaine Tassell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract Not Included]

Carbon Dioxide Fixation In Schistosoma Mansoni, Clint Earl Carter

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Adults of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni were perfused from the hepatic portal system of CF1 female mice sixty to seventy days post infection. The worms were then incubated in Eagle’s minimal essential medium with glutamate and 0.03 mg/100 ml of nonlabelled aspartic acid. To this medium was added 10 μc of either NaH¹⁴0₃, glucose-UC¹⁴ or aspartate-4-C¹⁴. The worms were found to fix carbon from the NaH¹⁴0₃ and to incorporate the glucose and aspartate. The amount of activity recovered in five different chemical fractions after two hours incubation was determined …

The Effect Of Schistosoma Mansoni On Free Amino Acid Levels In Mice, Richard D. Tkachuck

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Free amino acid levels in the blood plasma of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, were measured at 3, 6, and 9 weeks post-infection with an automatic amino acid analyzer. Significant differences between experimental and control animals occurred at all three time periods. At 3 weeks, asparagine, alanine, citrulline, proline, methionine, and threonine levels all were lower in the infected animals. At 6 weeks, four differences were noted. Alpha-amino-n-butyric acid, ornithine, lysine, and histidine all had lower values in infected animals. At 9 weeks there were 12 differences. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, threonine, serine, proline, citrulline, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, and …

The Effect Of Adrenal Steroid Hormones On The Protein Content Of Tumorous Livers, Duncan W. Martin

Biology ETDs

Protein is basic to the structure and function of protoplasm. Enzyme systems which regulate the rate of cellular reactions are primarily composed of protein and many of these enzymatic systems influence the metabolism of less specialized proteins that form the major structural material of protoplasm. It is believed that experimental procedures which modify protein composition of cells may also influence the activity of intra-cellular enzymes. In experimental live cancer, it has been shown that the activities of a number of oxidative enzymes are modified as the carcinogenic process proceeds (Richmond, 1955, p.38). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that endocrine function …

A Study Of The Renal Vascular Supply In The Domestic Cat, Elizabeth Rosen

Bachelors’ Theses

Studies on the normal and abnormal vascularization of the renal vessels in the domestic cat (felis domestica) indicate the frequency of anomalies that occur, but in most of the studies it is the inferior vena cava that is most often recorded. Among the occasional references to several renal veins or arteries we have Huntington and McClure, Elmer Butler, Gaylord Bates, William Darrach, and C.H. Fortune. Yet no study seems to have been made of individuals of any particular class. A superficial observation seems to indicate a large number of cats used in the laboratory had multiple renal veins. Hence a …

Histological Study Of The Small Intestine Of The Common Green Snake, Thamnophis Sirtalis, Robert George Stineman

Bachelors’ Theses

Although much work has been done histologically with the vertebrates, very little seems to have been done on the intestinal tract of the reptile. This is especially true of the snakes, despite the abundant sources of material. Reptiles are one of the first classes of vertebrates in which there is a distinction made between small and large intestine. Histology textbooks devote only a few lines to the histology of the reptilian small intestine. For this reason it seems that it would be worthwhile to make a detailed study of that portion of the intestinal tract immediately distal to the duodenum …

Staining Techniques In The Study Of The Blood, Donald E. Winnik

Bachelors’ Theses

Since the invention of the microscope, the study of the blood and its constituents has been a major interests of histologists and hematologists. The vast amount of material written about the subject could not have been accomplished without the development and use of staining techniques which made possible a more precise observation of the nature of the blood. At the present time there are many procedures and stains which vary greatly in their application and use. It is the purpose of this thesis to review these many methods and catalogue them according to their application in the blood techniques.

The Spinal Nerves And Spinal Cord Of The Frog, Laverne A. Penn

Bachelors’ Theses

The common grass frog, Rana pipiens as wall as the bull frog, Rana catesbiana have served during many decades as material from which both the student of zoology and the investigator in biological problems have gathered valuable information about the anatomy and physiology of the common systems. Among these systems the central, peripheral, and sympathetic nervous system plays a coordinating role, because of the ramifying nature of its organization. It is the purpose of this thesis to investigate the gross and histological structure of these branches known as spinal nerves. When one inspects the literature on the nervous system of …

The Lungs And Respiration In The Frog, Peter P. Strassburg

Bachelors’ Theses

In a wide sense, respiration is sometimes defined as the gaseous exchange constantly taking place between an organism and its environment. Essentially it is concerned with the intake of oxygen and the output of carbon dioxide but it also includes any other gas exchange that might occur. Small organisms take oxygen directly from the air or from the watery medium surrounding them into all parts of their structures. They also give off carbon dioxide from all their parts directly into the surrounding medium. They can do this successfully because they are small enough to have every cell in direct or …