Research Methods in Life Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Naocl, Ca(Oh)2, Mta And Mtad On Root Dentin Fracture Resistance, Sunil Ilapogu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Various materials are used for the treatment of immature teeth that have been subjected to trauma or decay. It is not well established what effect these materials may have on the immature root dentin. A concern would be the resistance to fracture of the remaining root dentin. The purpose of this study was to compare the resistance of fracture of bovine teeth treated with sodium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide, gray MTA and gray MTA in conjunction with MTAD after certain periods of time. One hundred and ninety five freshly extracted, intact bovine incisors were prepared using a modified Haapasalo and Orstavik …

Laboratory Routines Cause Animal Stress, Jonathan P. Balcombe, Neal D. Barnard, Chad Sandusky

Laboratory Experiments Collection

Eighty published studies were appraised to document the potential stress associated with three routine laboratory procedures commonly performed on animals: handling, blood collection, and orogastric gavage. We defined handling as any non-invasive manipulation occurring as part of routine husbandry, including lifting an animal and cleaning or moving an animal's cage. Significant changes in physiologic parameters correlated with stress (e.g., serum or plasma concentrations of corticosterone, glucose, growth hormone or prolactin, heart rate, blood pressure, and behavior) were associated with all three procedures in multiple species in the studies we examined. The results of these studies demonstrated that animals responded with …

Condylar Remodeling After Distraction Osteogenesis And Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy, Robert Barker Hoffman

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The present pilot study is a histological evaluation of mandibular condyles taken from minipigs that underwent either traditional mandibular advancement (bilateral sagittal split osteotomy), or a distraction osteogenesis procedure to advance the mandible. One pig received a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with an immediate mandibular advancement of 14 mm, while another pig underwent distraction osteogenesis consisting of a gradual advancement of 2 mm per day to advance the mandible the same distance. The control animal received no surgery.

In the present study, the mandibular condyles of the three pigs (2 control, 2 bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, and 2 distraction osteogenesis) …

Levels Of Intravenous Enterococcus Faecalis That Cause Heart Colonization, Louis Zane Stromberg

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

While previous studies have shown that presence of bacteria in systemic circulation can cause infective endocarditis, there is no information on the specific amount of bacteria necessary to cause this condition. The purpose of this study was to establish the minimum level of circulating bacteria that will cause colonization of damaged heart valves in rats. Fifty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and their heart valves were damaged using an established protocol. A clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis was transformed with a plasmid bearing the luxF and Chloramphenicol cassettes to label the bacteria with the light-emitting protein. After four weeks, the rats …

Agribusiness Sheep Updates - 2004 Part 3, Ken Hart, Keith Croker, Rob Davidson, Mario D'Antuono, Evan Burt, Tanya Kilminster, Diana Fedorenko, Darryl Mcclements, Robert Beard, Sandy Turton, Martin Atwell, Robert Beard

Sheep Updates

Posters Can Merino Ewes be Teased to Synchronise Oestrus for a Summer/Autumn Mating? Ken Hart, Keith Croker, Department of Agriculture Western Australia, Rob Davidson, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia. Mario D'Antuono, Department of Agriculture Western Australia Damara Sheep: Now Looking Domestic Evan Burt and Tanya Kilminster, Department of Agriculture Western Australia Production and Water Use of Lucerne and French Serradella Under Three Sowing Rates Diana Fedorenko1,4, Darryl McClements1,4 , Robert Beard3,4 1Department of Agriculture, 3 Farmer, Meckering, 4CRC for Plant-based Management of Dryland Salinity. E-SHEEP - Individual Animal Management is here Sandy Turton & Martin Atwell, Department …

An Evaluation Of The Us High Production Volume (Hpv) Chemical-Testing Programme: A Study In (Ir)Relevance, Redundancy And Retro Thinking, Andrew Nicholson, Jessica Sandler, Troy Seidle

Experimentation Collection

Under the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Programme, chemical companies have volunteered to conduct screening-level toxicity tests on approximately 2800 widely-used industrial chemicals. Participating companies are committed to providing available toxicity information to the EPA and presenting testing proposals for review by the EPA and posting on the EPA Web site as public information. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and a coalition of animal protection organisations have reviewed all the test plans submitted by the participating chemical companies for compliance with the original HPV framework, as well as with animal welfare guidelines …

Animal Model Research: The Apples And Oranges Quandary, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Experimentation Collection

In this paper, I explore the premises underlying the problem of the evaluation of animal models. I argue that the presence of similarities and differences between the model and the modelled, although historically and currently a dominant antinomy framing evaluation, is not a bottom-line consideration. What is critical is 1) whether we learn and 2) whether we improve treatment through the animal model research. Similarity between model and modelled and the closely related concept of validity are not coterminus with these critical evaluative measures. In fact, differences between the model and modelled also can provide impetus to new understanding and …

Bone Formation Using Platelet-Rich Plasma + Allograft: An Experimental Study In Sheep, Edgar Grageda

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Recently Platelet-Rich Plasma has been proven to be an effective regeneration adjunct when combined with autogenous bone in the reconstruction of mandibular defects. However, little is known about the effect of PRP when combined with a bone allograft in the maxillary sinus.

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the ability of PRP to enhance bone regeneration in the maxillary sinus of sheep when combined with DFDBA + CCFDBA. Ten sheep were selected for bilateral sinus augmentation DFDBA + CCFDBA + PRP (test) and DFDBA + CCFDBA (control). Five were sacrificed at 3 months and the other five …

Effect Of Anti-Tgfß1 And Pycnogenol® On Scar Formation In Rats, Pilseong Kim

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Wound healing is a complex biologic process that involves chemotaxis and division of cells, neovascularization, synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, and remodeling of the repaired tissues. Of equal importance is the restoration of normal tissue structure and function without scar formation. The aim of this study was to find out the clinical effects of anti-TGFß1 and Pycnogenol® on scarless wound healing on rat skin.

An acute incision wound model was used with 20 healthy rats. Four incisions were made on each rat's skin and 4 different variables were applied by local infiltration. The four variables were anti-TGFß1, Pycnogenol®, PBS, and …

Nest Location And Nest Recognition In Two Solitary Bee Species Osmia Lignaria Say And Megachile Rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), Christelle Guédot

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The visual and olfactory cues used in short-range orientation, specifically nest location and nest recognition, were studied in two solitary bee species Osmia lignaria Say and Megachile rotundata (F.) Osmia lignaria, the blue orchard bee, is an important pollinator of orchard crops, such as apples, cherries, and almonds; and M. rotundata, the alfalfa leafcutting bee, is used in commercial pollination of alfalfa. The general objective was to better understand how these two species locate their nests and how improving nest location could benefit crop pollination.

The use of proximal visual landmarks at the nesting site was investigated with …

Detection Of Bacteria To Dental Tissue By Low-Light Imaging, G-Hong Robert Hsu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Bacteria have been shown to play an important role in the development of pulp and periradicular disease. The source of the infective bacteria is most often the oral cavity. Previous studies have detected bacteria in teeth that are structurally intact that seemingly have no communication intraorally. Anachoresis has been proposed as a mechanism for localizing circulating bacteria to such teeth. In several previous bacteriologic anachoresis studies, bacteria have been found to localize in inflamed dental tissues. The criticism most commonly associated with these investigations has been the potential contribution of contaminant bacteria resulting in false positive findings.

Low-light image analysis …

Trials, Tribulations, And Trends In Tumor Modeling In Mice, Joann C. L. Schuh

Toxicology and Animal Models in Research Collection

Selection of mouse models of cancer is often based simply on availability of a mouse strain and a known compatible tumor. Frequently this results in use of tumor models long on history but short on homology and quality control. Other factors including genetics, sex, immunological status, method and site of tumor implantation, technical competence, biological activity of the tumor, protocol sequence and timing, and selection of endpoints interact to produce outcomes in tumor models. Common reliance on survival and tumor burden data in a single mouse model often skews expectations towards high remission and cure rates; a finding seldom duplicated …

Trials, Tribulations, And Trends In Tumor Modeling In Mice, Joann C. L. Schuh

Biomedicine and Animal Models in Research Collection

Selection of mouse models of cancer is often based simply on availability of a mouse strain and a known compatible tumor. Frequently this results in use of tumor models long on history but short on homology and quality control. Other factors including genetics, sex, immunological status, method and site of tumor implantation, technical competence, biological activity of the tumor, protocol sequence and timing, and selection of endpoints interact to produce outcomes in tumor models. Common reliance on survival and tumor burden data in a single mouse model often skews expectations towards high remission and cure rates; a finding seldom duplicated …

Ethical Issues In The Use Of Animals In Biomedical And Psychopharmocological Research, John P. Gluck, Jordan Bell

Experimentation Collection

Rationale: The ethical debate concerning the use of animals in biomedical and pharmacological research continues to be replete with misunderstandings about whether animals have moral standing. Objectives: This article briefly reviews the central ethical positions and their relationship to the basic parameters of research regulation from an international perspective. The issues associated with the validation of animal models will then be discussed. Finally, suggestions for empirical ethics research will be presented. Methods: Recent literature reviews were accessed and analyzed. Results: This review summarizes the pertinent ethical and research literature. Conclusions: In summary, regardless of the ethical perspective one favors, there …

Comparison Of Bracket Bond Strength By Total, Self-Etch And Laser Treatment, Kyo Sung Shawn Kim

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Laser etching of enamel surfaces alters the physical and chemical characteristics of the enamel. These changes in characteristics enhance the bonding to enamel. The purpose of this study was to compare the shear and tensile bond strength of Er,Cr:YSGG hydrokinetic laser system (Biolase) with 37% phosphoric acid and self etching primer 30 minutes and 72 hours after bonding. Four different laser power output setting was observed: 1.5W, 2.0W, 2.5W, and 3.0W. Two hundred forty bovine teeth free of defect, caries, and dentin exposure were mounted in acrylic resin and divided into 24 groups of 10 teeth. Sixteen groups of 10 …

A Bond Strength Comparison Of Led And Halogen Light Curing Units, John Richard Kavanagh

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this research was to compare the tensile bond strength of orthodontic flat based buttons bonded to bovine teeth with four commercial light-emitting diode (LED) curing lights and one conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) curing light.

The dental market has recently been introduced to a number of commercially available light-emitting diode (LED) curing lights. Tensile bond strength was evaluated for LED curing lights (Rembrandt® Allegro^TM, Den-Mat Corp, Santa Maria, CA), (LEDemetron, Kerr/Demetron Corp, Danbury, Conn), (Ortholux LED, 3M^TMESPE^TM, St. Paul, MN),and (FLASH-lite 1001, Discus Dental, Culver City, CA) are compared with one …

The Histological Effects Of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis On Rabbit Condyles, Eunice Jungmin Hong

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The present study is a histological evaluation of condyles taken from rabbits that underwent either a midline or paramedian distraction osteogenesis procedure on the mandibles. Fifteen rabbits were originally operated on and eight of these fifteen successfully made it through both the distraction osteogenesis procedure and the 1 month holding period that followed. There was one control animal.

In the present study, the condyles from these nine rabbits (1 control, 2 midline distraction osteogenesis, 6 paramedian distraction osteogenesis) were prepared for histological evaluation (18 total). Step serial sections were cut along the coronal plane and the sections from the anterior …

Response Cost In The Treatment Of Lunging In Dogs, Jennifer L. Sobie

Masters Theses

Contemporary professional applied animal behavior management employs a diagnostic and treatment approach for unwanted pet behavior that incorporates ethology-based causal factors. As in behavior therapy for humans, behavioral assessment includes descriptive functional analysis when possible to determine relevant contingency variables. But this information is then considered in the context of an appropriate motivational classification, such as social or prey-directed motivation or fear-motivated, and treatments are designed accordingly. A different view is that behavior can be treated effectively without a presumption of the motivation through analysis of the manifestation of the behavior itself. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of …

Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2003, Zelpha B. Johnson, D. Wayne Kellogg

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The faculty and staff of the Animal Science Program are pleased to present the sixth edition of the Arkansas Animal Science Report. As with virtually all programs in the country, budget constraints presented serious challenges to teaching, research, and extension programming. However, the faculty and staff responded with innovation, good management, and hard work to maintain a productive program designed to benefit the students of the University and the citizens of the state. We are committed to remaining faithful to our Land-Grant mission. A sincere thank you is owed to Dr. Zelpha Johnson and Dr. Wayne Kellogg for editing this …

Fisheries Research Contract Report No. 6 - Assessment Of The Nutritional Variability Of Lupins As An Aquaculture Feed Ingredient, Brett Glencross, John Curnow, Wayne Hawkins

Fisheries Research Reports

The nutritional value of the kernel meals of three species of lupin (Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius and L. luteus) was compared against each other and a reference ingredient of solvent extracted soybean meal, when fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Each lupin kernel meal was included in test diets at 300 g/kg and also at a greater level, representing 50% of the total protein content in the diet. The digestibility of protein of all lupin kernel meals was better than for the soybean meal. The highest protein digestibility was that from L. luteus kernel meal at 30% inclusion (100%), which …

Bioethics: Everything You Wanted To Know About Life Or Death, But Were Afraid To Ask, St Mary's University

President's Peace Commission - Programs

The President’s Peace Commission existed from 1984 to 2013 at St. Mary's University. The Commission fostered an ethical commitment to participate in the establishment of world peace and social justice.

This program is about genetic technologies, ethical issues in human and animal experimentation and physician assisted suicide.

Effects Of Various Hemostatic Agents On Bone, David Daryl Roland

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Previous studies have evaluated the effects of various hemostatic agents on radicular tissues following apical surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the early osseous responses to seven hemostatic agents under identical conditions in rabbits. Sixteen adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. Following anesthesia, utilizing a midline submandibular incision, standardized bony defects were prepared on the lateral-superior regions of the mandible. Test materials were placed using standardized volumes and exposure times. Bone wax, Surgicel, Capset, alginate, Cut-Trol, Hemogin-L, and silver nitrate were compared to control sites irrigated with saline. Test materials or controls …

Synovial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure In The Tmj After Mandibular Advancement In Sus Scrofa, Samuel A. Demirdji

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Mandibular advancement is performed in patients routinely by traditional bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) or less commonly by distraction osteogenesis (DO). The influence of mandibular advancement on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is well recognized but not fully explored. This study involved the direct measurement of synovial fluid hydrostatic pressure (SFHP) in the TMJ after mandibular advancement by either BSSO or DO in two male mature minipigs, Sus scrofa. Titanium pressure transducers were inserted into the right superior temporomandibular joint spaces of the minipigs and the measurements were displayed on an AC/DC amplifier. The first minipig underwent BSSO, which involved immediate …

Radiation Effects On Dopamine-Mediated Prepulse Inhibition In The C57bl/6 Mouse, Cara Nicole Zuccarelli Miller

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study examined the effects of proton and gamma radiation on a dopamine-dependent sensory gating mechanism: prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. The purpose of this research was to describe potential hazards of proton radiation to the central nervous system in long-term space fight and for proton therapy patients. Results from previous research indicate that startle behavior is modified by proton and iron radiation. Forty-eight 10-½ week old, male C57BL/6 mice were used to characterize the optimal parameters for the model (prepulse duration, probe duration, and stimulus-onset-asynchrony). Three hundred and fifty two mice were used to characterize the time course …

Sheep Updates 2003 - Pastures, Ed Barrett-Lennard, Hayley Norman, Robyn Dynes, David Masters, David Henry, Stephen Gherardi, Graham Donald, Asoka Edirisinghe, Chris Oldham, Richard Smith, Joanne Sneddon, Mike Hyder, Andrew Thompson, Kazue Tanaka, Roy Latta, Chris Matthews, Brad Nutt, Angela Loi, Tim Wiley

Sheep Updates

This session covers seven papers from different authors: 1. Pastures for saline land, Ed Barrett-Lennard 1Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Hayley Norman, Robyn Dynes and David Masters CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Mediterranean Agricultural Research, Floreat Park, 2. Feeding value - the essential link between pastures and animals CSIRO Livestock Industries, Centre for Environmental and Life Sciences 3. ‘Pastures from space’ - how do we do it, how well do we do it and what do producers think about it? Stephen Gherardi Department of Agriculture Western Australia Graham Donald Asoka Edirisinghe Dave Henry CSIRO Livestock Industries Chris Oldham Department of …

Behavioral Evaluation Of The Psychological Welfare And Environmental Requirements Of Agricultural Research Animals: Theory, Measurement, Ethics, And Practical Implications, Lesley A. King

Experimentation Collection

The welfare of agricultural research animals relies not only on measures of good health but also on the presence of positive emotional states and the absence of aversive or unpleasant subjective states such as fear, frustration, or association with pain. Although subjective states are not inherently observable, their interaction with motivational states can be measured through assessment of motivated behavior, which indicates the priority animals place on obtaining or avoiding specific environmental stimuli and thus allows conclusions regarding the impact of housing, husbandry, and experimental procedures on animal welfare. Preference tests and consumer demand models demonstrate that animal choices are …

Developmental Toxicity Of Atrazine And Copper Sulfate Using The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (Fetax), Misty D. Hamilton

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Misty D. Hamilton on June 25, 2003.

Distraction Osteogenesis In Edentulous Alveolar Bone With Rhbmp-2 Enhancement, Liviu F. Eftimie

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Distraction osteogenesis, a unique system of affecting rapid bone healing in fractures, realigning malformed bones, and lengthening congenitally short and traumatically shortened bones has become an increasingly utilized technique for the maxillofacial region. The use of distraction osteogenesis has been described for increasing the height of edentulous mandibular alveolar ridges while concurrently forming new bone within the ridge to allow for adequate reconstruction. A standard protocol for performing distraction osteogenesis in the maxillofacial region has been well documented in the literature. Standard distraction osteogenesis requires an initial surgery to place the distraction osteogenesis device and mobilize the segment to be …

Pain And Distress Associated With Polyclonal Antibody Production: Discussion And Recommendations, The Humane Society Of The United States

ANIMAL RESEARCH

The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) held a workshop in August 2002 in order to develop recommendations for minimizing pain and distress associated with polyclonal antibody (Pab) production. A small group of experts in the fields of antibody production, animal welfare, in vitro alternatives, and/or regulatory compliance participated in the roundtable discussion. The workshop was a scientifically based meeting, and recommendations were based on the extensive experience of the workshop participants as well as published literature regarding the relevant issues.

Participants recognized that insufficient attention has been paid to animal welfare aspects of Pab production, in part because …

What It Is To Be A Dog: A Qualitative Method For The Study Of Animals Other Than Humans, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Experimentation Collection

No abstract provided.