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Articles 1 - 30 of 111
Full-Text Articles in Weed Science
Effect Of Sheep And Cattle Grazing On A Mixed Pasture Of Perennial Ryegrass, Kikuyu, And White Clover, G J. Goold
Effect Of Sheep And Cattle Grazing On A Mixed Pasture Of Perennial Ryegrass, Kikuyu, And White Clover, G J. Goold
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Mixed pastlkes of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ), kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ), and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) are commonly found within warm-zone areas of New Zealand but are frequently disliked because of problems associated with kikuyugrass dominance. A grazing experiment was conducted to provide basic information on the response of such swards to grazing by cattle and sheep. The pastures were rotationally grazed with young sheep or cattle at two stocking levels each year from 1970 to 1975, with stocking rates adjusted twice yearly according to seasonal pasture growth. The pastures grazed by cattle …
A Mathematically And Conceptually Unified Approach To Grazing-Management Terminology, D L. Scarnecchia, M M. Kothmann
A Mathematically And Conceptually Unified Approach To Grazing-Management Terminology, D L. Scarnecchia, M M. Kothmann
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Expressions such as "stocking density," "stocking rate," "grazing pressure," "herbage allowance," "grazing intensity," "stocking intensity," and "stocking pressure" have long been used to describe animal-pasture systems. In general, these expressions describe relationships among the basic variables of animal demand, forage quantity, pasture area, and grazing duration. Our objective was to develop a conceptually dynamic mathematical framework of expressions summarizing all of the meaningful relationships among these variables. Elementary differential and integral calculus were used to develop this dynamic approach. The resulting expressions are dimensionally valid and are capable of accurately describing dynamic animal-pasture systems. Adoption of this system would standardize …
Relation Of Animal Production To Stocking Rate On Cultivated Pastures In Cerrados Areas Of Brazil, C J. Escuder
Relation Of Animal Production To Stocking Rate On Cultivated Pastures In Cerrados Areas Of Brazil, C J. Escuder
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The relationships among stocking rate, gain/animal, and gain/ha were compared on six grazed pastures. The experiment was established on an oxisol acrustox in Brazil. The pasture consisted of (1) jaraguagrass (J); (2) jaraguagrass plus legumes (J + L); (3) molassesgrass (M); (4) molassesgrass plus legumes (M + L); (5) pangolagrass (P); (6) Pangolagrass plus legumes (P + L); (7) mixture of grasses (jaragua, molasses, and pangola) plus legumes (JMP + L). Pasture of pangolagrass alone was discarded because of poor establishment. Four stocking rates were applied on each pasture, from 1.0 to 3.4 animals/ha. For all pastures, gains/animal decreased linearly …
Performance Of A Subtropical Legume-Grass Pasture Under Different Grazing Management Systems, G E. Maraschin, S C. Mella, G S. Irulegui, J Riboldi
Performance Of A Subtropical Legume-Grass Pasture Under Different Grazing Management Systems, G E. Maraschin, S C. Mella, G S. Irulegui, J Riboldi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Agronomic evaluation of the dynamics of tropical legume-based pastures is relevant in assessing the response of their components within systems of grazing management. The response of tropical legume-grass mixtures to periods of rest and grazing pressure and the combinations that result in meaningful legume content in the mixture need to be known. A central composite design was used to study the performance of a Desmodium intortum (Mill.) U rb. and Paspalum gttenoarum Arech. pasture mixture to 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70daysofrestcombinedwith 2.0%, 3.5%, 5.0%, 6.5%, and 8.0% BW(i.e., kg dry matter (DM) on offer/day/100 kg body weight) as grazing …
The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing Management Upon Ewe Liveweight, Ewe Fertility, Lamb Growth And Pasture Production On Subterranean Clover Based Pasture In Western Australia, H Lloyd Davies, I N. Southey
The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing Management Upon Ewe Liveweight, Ewe Fertility, Lamb Growth And Pasture Production On Subterranean Clover Based Pasture In Western Australia, H Lloyd Davies, I N. Southey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Border Leicester x Merino ewes joined to Dorset Hom rams were run at 3 stocking rates (S.R.) and 2 systems of pasture management, viz Continuous grazing (C.G.) or a 4 sub-plot Deferred grazing system (D.G.) designed to meet the needs of the breeding ewe on subterranean clover based pastures at Bakers Hill (32°S l17°E), Western Australia for three years. Stocking rate affected ewe liveweight at joining and lambing, the growth of single lambs in the first year and tended to reduce the growth rate of twin lambs. It profoundly affected the amount of dry matter of pasture on offer. The …
Relating Profit To Quantity Of Standing Herbage In Grazing Intensity Studies, David I. Bransby, B E. Conrad
Relating Profit To Quantity Of Standing Herbage In Grazing Intensity Studies, David I. Bransby, B E. Conrad
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Previous economic analyses of grazing intensity studies have related profit to stocking rate. However, no information is available on the relationship between profit and kg standing herbage ha-1. In this paper the objective is to relate profit ha-1 to standing herbage. Coastal bermudagrass continuously grazed with beef steers at four grazing pressures is used as an example. Average daily gain and animal grazing days ha-1 were linearly related to standing herbage (r = 0.95 and 0.99). The resultant regression equations were used to relate beef gain ha-1 to standing herbage. This function in tum was used to relate profit ha-1 …
Modelling Grazing Intensity Studies, David I. Bransby
Modelling Grazing Intensity Studies, David I. Bransby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing intensity models have traditionally related animal production per head and per ha to stocking rate. The value of such models is limited by the omission of pasture information. In this paper the relationships between average daily gain, grazing days and standing herbage are used to develop models relating animal production per ha to standing herbage. These models can also be extended by relating changes in their parameters to additional quantifiable variables, or by using them in economic models to express profit per ha in terms of standing herbage.
Energy Conversion Efficiencies In Grazing Grassland At Different Stocking Rates, S Takahashi, M Shiyomi, T Akiyama, T Okubo
Energy Conversion Efficiencies In Grazing Grassland At Different Stocking Rates, S Takahashi, M Shiyomi, T Akiyama, T Okubo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of stocking rates on the energy conversion efficiency was examined on a grazing pasture over an eight year period from 1974. Annual stocking rates were in the range of 117-523 animal-unit days (AUD)/ha over eight years. Photosynthetically active radiation, net primary production by herbage plants and the amounts consumed by grazing cattle were measured during the plant growing season (from late March to late November). For estimations of stored energy in cattle, ARC feeding standards (1965) using the daily increment for body weight were adopted. Energy conversion efficiencies from solar energy through plants and animals were calculated as …
Seed, Seedling And Species Dynamics Of Grazed Annual Pastures In South Australia, E D. Carter, A Lake
Seed, Seedling And Species Dynamics Of Grazed Annual Pastures In South Australia, E D. Carter, A Lake
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The self-regenerating annual legumes mainly the medics (Medicago spp.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium spp.) are vital for maintaining the nitrogen economy of some 40 million hectares of crop and pasture land in Australia. However, new pests and diseases and poor management practices have caused serious decline of these annual legumes in many districts. In recent years a research program to identify the main factors causing legume decline has been started at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute. This research involves (i) studies of seed-seedling dynamics of the annual species of medics in the cereal-livestock zone (350-500mm annual rainfall) where legumes· are …
The Relationship Of Herbage Intake Of Cattle To Herbage Mass, And Its Utilization On Rotationally Grazed Pasture, T Okajima, K Sawada, H Noriike, H Yokota
The Relationship Of Herbage Intake Of Cattle To Herbage Mass, And Its Utilization On Rotationally Grazed Pasture, T Okajima, K Sawada, H Noriike, H Yokota
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the central part of Honshu island in Japan, seasonal variation of herbage mass is also large (Okajima et al., 1985). So, when the grazing managements, i.e. stocking rate, grazing intensity etc., were not appropriate, part of herbage produced was lost through standing dead and litter, or grazing cattle lose their body weight. Sward characteristics affect the grazing behaviour of cattle (Jamieson and Hodgson, 1979), and then affect the herbage production and utilization. Relative herbage intake of cows was related to sward height (Baker et al., 1981). So, sward height was used as the indicator of the grazing management in …
Effect Of Grazing On Pasture Production In South-West Western Australia, K.M S. Curtis, A C. Dunlop, T O. Albertson
Effect Of Grazing On Pasture Production In South-West Western Australia, K.M S. Curtis, A C. Dunlop, T O. Albertson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
INTRODUCTION With a mediterranean climate in the south-west of Western Australia, pastures are composed of annual species from the genera Trifolium, Hordeum, Lolium, Bromus, Vulpia, Erodium and Artotheca. The length of the growing season ranges from 9 months near the coast to less than 5 months in the eastern wheatbelt. Seven million hectares of pastures are grazed predominantly by Merino sheep (about 33 millions). Stoking rate is the major factor affecting wool production on farm. An increase in stocking rate reduces wool production per sheep.Increasing the stocking rate reduces total pasture growth (Dunlop, et al., 1984) and changes the botanic …
Comportement Alimentaire D'Un Troupeau Ovin Dans Un Systeme , A Ben Boubaker
Comportement Alimentaire D'Un Troupeau Ovin Dans Un Systeme , A Ben Boubaker
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
En Tunisie, pour freiner !'erosion et satisfaire Jes besoins pressants des animaux domestiques, des plantations de Acacia cyanophylla (Lindi) destinees a etre paturees ont ete creees. Pour rechercher une gestion rationnelle de ces parcours, nous avons etudie notamment le comportement des ovins dans un systeme « Acacia-herbe » partiellement fertilise. L'etude a ete realisee dans la region de Beja (Nord-Ouest de la Tunisie) sous climat mediterraneen sub-humide a hiver doux, sur sol brun calcaire (facies vegetal a Hedysarum coronarium L. et Phalaris truncata L.)
Forage Management: A Diagnosis Method, M Duru, J L. Fiorelli, S Lardon, J C. Moreau, P L. Osty
Forage Management: A Diagnosis Method, M Duru, J L. Fiorelli, S Lardon, J C. Moreau, P L. Osty
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On commercial farms, grazing and forage stock management is especially complex because of the great number of variables that have to be controlled (animal performances, resource stocks ... ), of their inter-relationships and of weather perturbations. Our investigations consist in considering in which way and under which constraints farmers may ajust their forage resources, both in quantity and quality, to achieve desired animal performances. Therefore, it is very important to propose decision rules adapted to real farm conditions and control procedures to carry out these decisions during the year. For continuous stocking, it was suggested to describe the sward in …
Summerpack*, A Computer Package For Sheep And Pasture Management Over The Summer/Autumn Period In A Mediterranean Environment, J.P G. Orsini
Summerpack*, A Computer Package For Sheep And Pasture Management Over The Summer/Autumn Period In A Mediterranean Environment, J.P G. Orsini
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The south-western part of Western Australia has a Mediterranean type climate characterized by a dry summer/autumn period that can extend over more than six months. The quantity and the quality of the dry pastures progressivily deteriorate from senescence until the break of season when germination occurs. Although dry adult sheep usually maintain weight in the first two months, weight losses can be high in autumn unless supplements are fed. It is important for farmers at the beginning of summer to obtain an estimate of the amount of supplements they need to purchase or keep in storage and what would be …
The Potential Role Of Temperate Pastures For The Production Of Fat Lambs In The Sub Tropics, N M. Tainton, D I. Bransby, M B. Hardy, T M. Du Plessis
The Potential Role Of Temperate Pastures For The Production Of Fat Lambs In The Sub Tropics, N M. Tainton, D I. Bransby, M B. Hardy, T M. Du Plessis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the sub-humi\i (700-1000 mm rainfall p.a.) sub-tropical regions of Southern Africa, fat lambs have traditionally been produced as a by-product of extensive merino based wool production systems. Natural grassland (veld) or summer growing sub-tropical pastures have formed the basis of the forage system, with dryland winter cereals and root crops often used to supplement the diet. To improve the level of production, a more reliable source of high quality forage needs to be provided to the lactating ewes and to the lambs from birth to slaughter. This need has led to the investigation of possible intensive fat lamb systems …
Better Utilization Of Oversown Tussock Grassland In The Semi-Arid Country Of New Zealand, B E. Allen, J Keoghan
Better Utilization Of Oversown Tussock Grassland In The Semi-Arid Country Of New Zealand, B E. Allen, J Keoghan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
New'zealand tussock grassland management is traditionally extensive. In the South Island high country the often difficult terrain combined with a harsh and unreliable climate is not inducive to efficient utilisation. Oversowing temperate clovers and grasses and topdressing with sulphur and phosphorus based fertilisers is an accepted way to improve the quantity and quality of pasture, but little is known on how to effectively utilise the extra feed grown. Subdivision fencing is often difficult and expensive and this, together with a lack in clear management objectives, has meant that in many cases inputs into fencing have often not matched inputs into …
Management Systems For Growing Fattening Bovine Cattle In Coast Cross Bermudagrass No.1 Without Irrigation, G Vales, A Molina
Management Systems For Growing Fattening Bovine Cattle In Coast Cross Bermudagrass No.1 Without Irrigation, G Vales, A Molina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Four experiments were carried out to establish an intensive non-irrigated system with Holstein male calves in coast cross bermuda grass No. 1 (Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast cross 1). Two grazing methods were evaluated. These were : segregating the area for pasture conservation in the rainy season and N fertilization including the strategy of application combined with different stocking rates.
Beef Production From Digitaria Eriantha Subsp. Eriantha In A Sub-Tropical Environment, M B. Hardy, N N. Gray
Beef Production From Digitaria Eriantha Subsp. Eriantha In A Sub-Tropical Environment, M B. Hardy, N N. Gray
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Digitaria eriantha subsp. eriantha, previously known as D. smutsii (Russel and Smook 1980), is a robust perennial grass adapted to a wide range of soils and climatic conditions. In Australia, the species has performed well on a number of sites with soils ranging from« cracking clays to sandy loams» where rainfall varied between 400 and 1000 mm/annum (Strickland 1987). A similar range of adaptability has been recorded in South Africa (Brockett and Gray 1984, Dannhauser 1985). In cutting trials, D. eriantha yielded between 3500 and 15000 kg of dry matter/ha with annual rainfall of 450 and 1200 mm/annum respectively. The …
Contribution Of The Study Of Tropical Pasture Management For Intensive Milk Production, Irma Jerez, M Menchaca, H Jordan, T R. Garcia, Lidia Gonzalez, M Sosa, E De La Rosa, J L. Rivero
Contribution Of The Study Of Tropical Pasture Management For Intensive Milk Production, Irma Jerez, M Menchaca, H Jordan, T R. Garcia, Lidia Gonzalez, M Sosa, E De La Rosa, J L. Rivero
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Milk production in Cuba has been increased and this was possible by the increasing introduction of the Holstein breed and its crosses with Zebu. At the same time, this augmented the need for developing a feeding base satisfying the increasing demand of nutrients. A series of experiments to evaluate new pasture species, intensive pasture management and concentrate supplementation to increase animal productivity per unit area was carried out.
Implications Of Grazing Experiments Which Employ Only One Grazing Level Per Treatment, David I. Bransby
Implications Of Grazing Experiments Which Employ Only One Grazing Level Per Treatment, David I. Bransby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Stocking rate is one of the most powerful driving variables in grazing ecosystems, but its influence on animal production is mediated through effects on pasture sward state, and associated effects on quantity and quality of forage consumed by animals. Consequently, confounding important sward state characteristics with treatments in grazing experiments will often mask treatment effects and lead to erroneous conclusions. While this problem has generally been recognized (e.g. Mott and Lucas, 1952; Wheeler et al. 1973 ; Hodgson, 1985), attempts to overcome it appear to be less than satisfactory. The aim of this paper is to discuss methods of stocking …
Role Of Gramineous Species In Cereal-Annual Legume Farming Systems, G N. Roberts, P G. Tow, E D. Carter
Role Of Gramineous Species In Cereal-Annual Legume Farming Systems, G N. Roberts, P G. Tow, E D. Carter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three pasture types (volunteer annual grass+medic, grass-free medic and oat+volunteer grass+medic) were compared at 2 stocking rates (8.4 and 12.6 DSE) with grazing Merino wethers. The oat variety is resistnnt to both Gaeumannomyces graminis (take-all) and Heterodem avenae (cereal cyst nematode), important root diseases of cereals. Four harvests were taken during early winter. The oat + grass + medic pasture type had a faster growth rate and maintained higher levels of available pasture on all sampling occasions (July to September). The yields of the grass and medic components were significantly reduced in the oat+grass+medic treatment from the second harvest onwards. …
Determinants Of Herbaceous Species Composition On Wildlife Utilization Areas In The Eastern Transvaal Lowveld Of South Africa- A Preliminary Investigation, M.J S. Peel, G C. Stuart-Hill
Determinants Of Herbaceous Species Composition On Wildlife Utilization Areas In The Eastern Transvaal Lowveld Of South Africa- A Preliminary Investigation, M.J S. Peel, G C. Stuart-Hill
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study investigated the. effect of recent past annual rainfall and stocking rate on herbaceous plant species composition in the Lowveld of the eastern Transvaal, South Africa. Annual rainfall and grazing (stocking rate) act synergistically in determining herbaceous species composition, annual rainfall exerting the greatest influence and grazing having a modifying effect particularly under extreme conditions. In mesic areas (mean annual rainfall of around 600 mm) a relatively favourable herbaceous composition was found under relatively higher grazer stocking rates of around 10 grazer units/JOO ha (10 GU/100 ha) In semi-arid areas (mean annual rainfall of around 400 mm) a lighter …
Stockpiling Of Brachiaria Decumbens For Steer Maintenance During The Dry Season, Esther G. Cardoso, V.P B. Euclides, J.M Da Silva
Stockpiling Of Brachiaria Decumbens For Steer Maintenance During The Dry Season, Esther G. Cardoso, V.P B. Euclides, J.M Da Silva
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A Brachiaria decumbens pasture was evaluated in a factorial experiment (2 stocking rates and 2 pasture managements). Eight steers averaging 370 kg live weight (LW) were allocated to the paddocks at the beginning of the wet season ( 1 December). For the deferred management treatment, half of the area was closed off at the end of the rainy season ( 15 March to 15 June) for utilisation as stockpiled feed during the dry season (15 June to 30 October). B. decumbems was capable of fattening Nellore steers during the rainy ·season, but maintained steer live weight (LW) only in the …
Stability Of Arid Western Queensland (Australia) Rangelands And Their Grazing Management, I F. Beale
Stability Of Arid Western Queensland (Australia) Rangelands And Their Grazing Management, I F. Beale
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Western Queensland rangelands are showing productivity losses which appear to involve grazing management. Changes are required to, arrest this trend. Needs for. information and monitoring of change are indicated. Little information exists for these rangelands, so lntroduction of overseas grazing management systems could create problems. Their application, with monitoring and research, could contribute to sustainabllity.
Grass-Legume Balance Under Grazing In The Humid Tropics Of Costa Rica, M Ibrahim, L'T Mannetje
Grass-Legume Balance Under Grazing In The Humid Tropics Of Costa Rica, M Ibrahim, L'T Mannetje
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A grazing experiment is in progress in Costa Rica with Arachis pintoi, Centrosema macrocarpum and Stylosanthes gulanensis combined with Brachiaria brizantha and B. Humidicola at 2 stocking rates. The proportion of C. macrocarpum declined in all treatments to low levels,· as did S. gulanensls, except at the low stocking rate in association with B. humidicola. A. pintoi maintained a high proportion with B. humidicola, especially at the high stocking rate. The best grass-legume balance was achieved in the combination of A. pintoi with B. brizantha at the high stocking rate. Volunteer species dominated the C. macrocarpum …
Impact Of Grazing Pressure On The Plant Population Dynamics Of Heterpogon Contortus (Black Speargrass) In Subtropical Queensland, D M. Orr, C J. Paton
Impact Of Grazing Pressure On The Plant Population Dynamics Of Heterpogon Contortus (Black Speargrass) In Subtropical Queensland, D M. Orr, C J. Paton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Heteropogon contortus is a palatable pasture grass which is being threatened by , increases in grazing pressure, particularly during drought. This paper presents interim results plant population dynamics of H. contortus., as affected by stoc.1s tak. legume augmentation (mainly Stylosanthes sabra cv. Seca) and p1 Jvision of a dry-season supplement for cattle. The study began in 1%8. By 1991, basal ara of H. co11tortus was highest at the light .. Jt stocking rate of 0.187 steers/ha and declined linearly to be longest at the heaviest stocking rate of 0,5 steers/ha. Similarly, survival of the H. contortus tussocks initially present …
Managing For Economic And Ecological Stability Of Range And Range-Improved Grassland Systems With The Spur2 Model And The Steeriskier Spreadsheet, Richard H. Hart, Jon D. Hanson
Managing For Economic And Ecological Stability Of Range And Range-Improved Grassland Systems With The Spur2 Model And The Steeriskier Spreadsheet, Richard H. Hart, Jon D. Hanson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An economically stable management strategy must deal with year-toyear variability in forage supply, caused by weather variability or the attacks of pests and diseases, and variability in livestock prices, interest mies and other financial factors. The STEERISK spreadsheet calculates probabilities of different levels of forage production; optimum stocking rate and steer gains at each level; returns to land, labour and management at current costs and prices as input by the user; and gains and profits at any stocking rate chosen by the user. The SPUR2 model was used to parameterise STEERISK for three Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs) on rangeland, …
Phosphate Fertilizer For Pasture Maintenance In Southern Brazil, O.L P. De Oliverira
Phosphate Fertilizer For Pasture Maintenance In Southern Brazil, O.L P. De Oliverira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The study was conducted in the south of Brazil at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise, BMBRAPA. A winter-cultivated pasture stocked for 14 years with different stocking rates ended with different soil phosphorus (P) levels. To evaluate additional pho·sphate fertiliser response on this area, a pot experiment in the glasshouse was carried out. Levels of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 kg/ha of P20s were applied on a soil with 12.0, 12.5 and 17.0 ppm of available soil P, respectively, from low, medium and high stocking rates. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) was grown in pots of 2 kg of …
Interactions Of Rotational And Continuous Grazing With Stocking Rate On Warm And Cool-Season Pastures, David I. Bransby
Interactions Of Rotational And Continuous Grazing With Stocking Rate On Warm And Cool-Season Pastures, David I. Bransby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
With more intense commercialisation of electric fencing many production and economic advantages have been claimed for rotational grazing compared with continuous grazing. However, very little research data are available from the south-eastern USA to verify these claims, Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate animal performance under conditions of continuous and IO-paddock rotational grazing on cool- and warm-season pastures commonly used in this region. Three 2-year grazing experiments were conducted, one each on a mixed rye-annual ryegrass (Secale cereale-Lolium multiflorum) pasture, Coastal bermudagrass ( Cynodon hybrid) and Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). In each experiment continuous …
Hay Supplementation And Stocking Rate Effects On Live Weight Gain Of Steers Grazing Rye And Ryegrass, Susan E. Sladden, David I. Bransby
Hay Supplementation And Stocking Rate Effects On Live Weight Gain Of Steers Grazing Rye And Ryegrass, Susan E. Sladden, David I. Bransby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to evaluate continuous ad lib. supplementation of hay as a means of compensating for the uneven growth distribution of rye (Secale cereale) and ryegrass pastures (Lolium multiflorum) grazed by steers in the south-eastern USA. Pastures were continuously grazed by 230 to 270 kg steers at stocking rates of 2.5, 3.1, 4.1 and 4.9 head/ha with and without hay supplementation for 2 grazing seasons. On average, average daily live-weight gain (ADO) at the highest stocking rate (4.9 steers/ha) was 0.47 kg higher (P<0.01) when hay supplement was provided. Although not significant, in both years ADO tended to be higher for h_ay supplementation even at low stocking rates .