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Articles 31 - 60 of 9706
Full-Text Articles in Weed Science
Studies Regarding The Effects And The Optimal Do Sis Of Formic Acid In Ensiling High-Protein Forages, F Weissbach, Ehrengard Hein, L Schmidt
Studies Regarding The Effects And The Optimal Do Sis Of Formic Acid In Ensiling High-Protein Forages, F Weissbach, Ehrengard Hein, L Schmidt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The method for wilted silage production along industrial lines should be completed by adding an effective preservative to the green forage when weather conditions do not allow its adequate wilting. Formic acid has proved suitable for that purpose. To obtain reliable preservation effects it is necessary to consider the limits within which formic acid has the desired effect, as well as the dosis required for the prevailing conditions. These figures must be derived for a particular forage crop from its dry matter content (DM %) and sugar/ buffering capacity ratio (S/BC). The range over which formic acid has the desired …
Studies On The Host Plant Range Of Claviceps Purpurea (Fr.) Tul. Influence Of Host Plant On Shape And Size Of Conidia, Kate Frauenstein
Studies On The Host Plant Range Of Claviceps Purpurea (Fr.) Tul. Influence Of Host Plant On Shape And Size Of Conidia, Kate Frauenstein
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In case of Claviceps purpurea(Fr.) Tul. different physiological forms exist that stand out for preferred infestation of certain species of grasses. In the conidia contained in honeydew longish and circular types can be distinguished. The shape of the conidia, however, is determined primarily by the respective host plant and cannot be regarded as characteristic feature of a special form of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.
Virus Diseases On Leguminous Forage Crops In The German Democratic Republic, H E. Schimdt, H Kleinhempel, H B. Schmidt, V Valenta, M Musil
Virus Diseases On Leguminous Forage Crops In The German Democratic Republic, H E. Schimdt, H Kleinhempel, H B. Schmidt, V Valenta, M Musil
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Based on serological, electronoptical investigations and using test plants, 13 viruses were detected on leguminous forage crops. Most of the 44 natural virus-host combinations were caused by infections with bean yellow mosaic virus, alfalfa mosaic virus, and pea enation mosaic virus.
On The Importance And Control Of Amaurosoma Armillatum Zett. And A. Flavipes Fall. In Seed Stands Of Phleum Pratense L., Manfred Ahnert
On The Importance And Control Of Amaurosoma Armillatum Zett. And A. Flavipes Fall. In Seed Stands Of Phleum Pratense L., Manfred Ahnert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On the basis of three-year investigations conducted in the County of Karl-Marx-Stadt, an outline is given of both the economic importance and control of Amaurosoma spp. Special emphasis is laid on the factors that influence abundance and infestation, on the damage from larval eating on the false spikes, on seed losses, and on the results of experiments for chemical control. Furthermore, the possibilities are discussed that exist for limiting infestation levels by tillage and crop husbandry operations on the transition to industrial methods of production in socialist agriculture.
Etiology And Control Of Total White Ears In Grass Stands For Seed Production, Theo Wetzel
Etiology And Control Of Total White Ears In Grass Stands For Seed Production, Theo Wetzel
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The total white ears is one of the major diseases of forage grasses grown for seeds. Heavy losses are common in fescue species and in Poa pratensis L. While non-parasital factors can be neglected as a cause of the white ears, the tarsonemid mites, especially the species Siteroptes graminum (Reuter) and Steneotarsonemus spirifex (Marchal), are major animal pests. Limiting the period of use of such seed grass stands to a maximum of 2 years and the application of lindane and oleo-parathion preparations have proved effective control measures.
Some Consequences Of A Prolonged Absence Of Invertebrates From A Perennial Rye Grass Sward, R O. Clements, I F. Henderson
Some Consequences Of A Prolonged Absence Of Invertebrates From A Perennial Rye Grass Sward, R O. Clements, I F. Henderson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In a long-term experiment, substantial increases in herbage yield, of up to 24 %, have been obtained by applying large experimental doses of pesticides to a sward of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Good control of all the invertebrate fauna was achieved. The long-term absence of beneficial species such as earthworms has led to deleterious effects on soil structure with a consequent effect on yield improvements. Other observations show that the layer of leaf litter on the soil surface of pesticide-treated plots has built up considerably and that the bulk density of the soil in these plots has increased. …
Soil Nematodes And Forage Production Of Some Cool Season Grasses, C S. Hoveland, R L. Haaland, R Rodriguez-Kabana
Soil Nematodes And Forage Production Of Some Cool Season Grasses, C S. Hoveland, R L. Haaland, R Rodriguez-Kabana
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nematodes in sandy soils of the southeastern U.S.A. are a major factor in reducing forage yields and stands of cool season perennial grasses such as orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.). Soil treatment with methyl bromide or carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) nematicide has resulted in 30 to over 300 % increases in forage yields of these perennial grasses and of cool season annual grasses such as rye (Secale cereale L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). • Root pruning by the nematodes reduces effective rooting depth in terms of …
Conditions And Possibilities For The Directed Control Of Apion Species In Large Red Clover Seed Stands, Helmut Bochow, Christian Zchimmer, Helga Delinsky
Conditions And Possibilities For The Directed Control Of Apion Species In Large Red Clover Seed Stands, Helmut Bochow, Christian Zchimmer, Helga Delinsky
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
For direction in the control of blossom-damaging Apion species in red clover seed stands, a programme was developed to observe the pests by determining their population density on plants and blossom buds. In dependence on a threshold in the degree of pest attack, applications of insecticides were orientated to the time when the second clover growth developed green blossom buds. Best results were obtained with polychlorcamphen in higher dosages and at high temperatures. Applications of lindane, kelevan, and methoxychlor + lindane were not successful. The most frequent species of Apion were A. trifolii and A. apricans.
Relations Between Lucerne Grown For Forage And Insect Pests. Their Importance For The Control Of These Pests, Rene Bournoville
Relations Between Lucerne Grown For Forage And Insect Pests. Their Importance For The Control Of These Pests, Rene Bournoville
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The repartition of the main insect pests of lucerne forage production is described: during the sowing year weevils are less abundant than in the following years, the specific composition of the Sitona is also different. Several tables show the repartition of these pests on the different growth cycles: weevils are more abundant on the 1st and 2nd growths, biting insects on the 3rd and 4th. Date of cutting offers some means of control especially in autumn by preventing the populations of the pea aphid and eliminating the larvae of Apion pisi. We compare a North American variety selected for its …
Results Of Herbicide Application In An Integrated System Of Alfalfa/Field Grass Production, Klaus Sieberhein, Inge Stracke, Fritz Hofmann, Irmgard Meier
Results Of Herbicide Application In An Integrated System Of Alfalfa/Field Grass Production, Klaus Sieberhein, Inge Stracke, Fritz Hofmann, Irmgard Meier
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experimental results so far available reveal that in an integrated system of alfalfa/field grass production the systematic control of certain weed species will help to improve crop yield and crop quality, to facilitate tillage, to save material, and to cut labour expenditure. Likewise, is has been proved that the efficient application of herbicides is likely to gain ground as crop production is being increased through socialist intensification.
Resistance Of Tropical Pasture Species To Herbicides, Punjabrao Amritrao Chadhokar
Resistance Of Tropical Pasture Species To Herbicides, Punjabrao Amritrao Chadhokar
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T at 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, and 0.48 per cent concentration in 7001/ha water on the resistance of young and old tropical legumes, and the effect of dalapon at 4 and 8 kg/ha and of glyphosate at l and 2 kg/ha in 1125 1/ha water on the resistance of the old tropical grasses were assessed. Amongst the legumes, stylo showed the highest resistance and siratro the least, both at young and old stages of growth, followed by puero and Greenleaf desmodium at the old stage, especially at lower rate of application of 2,4-D. The effect of …
Experimental Results With Various Herbicides In Established Alfalfa, Taib Saric, Refik Numic
Experimental Results With Various Herbicides In Established Alfalfa, Taib Saric, Refik Numic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
5-year experiments with herbicides were run in the mixture of alfalfa, red clover, timothy grass, and Italian ryegrass. On untreated plots, in the 5-year average 72 weed plants were found per 1 m2 , belonging to 66 weed species. Among them most numerous were: Stellaria media, Veronica agrestis, Poa annua, Lamium purpureum,Taraxacum officinale, and Capsella bursa pastoris. The most efficient herbicide was Etazin, killing 88 % of weeds. None of the applied herbicides controlled perennial weeds. Etazin was tolerated by alfalfa, but was toxic to the other three crops. Kerb, Kerb-Mix, and Multitok were toxic to sown grasses, while …
Results Of Controlling Couchgrass (Agropyron Repens (L.) P.B.) With Sys 67® Omnidel (Na-Dcp) As A Practice To Intensify Forage Crop Production, Klaus Sieberhein, Werner Kuntze, Walter Drauschke
Results Of Controlling Couchgrass (Agropyron Repens (L.) P.B.) With Sys 67® Omnidel (Na-Dcp) As A Practice To Intensify Forage Crop Production, Klaus Sieberhein, Werner Kuntze, Walter Drauschke
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As new farming practices have developed, the methods of couchgrass control before growing forage crops have changed, too. To ensure adequate conditions for the establishment of forage crops, infestation with couchgrass can be successfully controlled by application of SYS 67® Omnidel. This practice also promotes adequate stand density and persistence of the forage crops and provides optimum conditions for the further intensification of forage crop production. The integrated control measures described should be taken before sowing, i.e. between late summer and autumn.
The Improvement Of Juncus Meadows On Temporarily Waterlogged Soils In The Socialist Republic Of Romania, Nikolae Simtea
The Improvement Of Juncus Meadows On Temporarily Waterlogged Soils In The Socialist Republic Of Romania, Nikolae Simtea
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments were carried out to improve meadows on temporarily waterlogged soils with 25 % of Juncus spp. in the sward. Under grazing conditions, Juncus was exterminated by applying 5 kg 2,4-D per hectare and year in the course of two years and cutting after each treatment. Complete destruction of Juncus spp. was reached by means of ploughing up and reseeding. After that practice Dactylis glomerata developed best. The seeded meadow responded well to fertilization. The highest yield increment (6.02 t DM/ha) was reached at fertilizer rates of 240 kg N, 90 kg P, and 90 kg K per hectare. The …
Findings On Interactions Between Herbicide Application And The Intensification Factors Nitrogen Fertilization And SuppleMental Sprinkling In Field Grass Stands, Klaus Sieberhein, Horst Stacke
Findings On Interactions Between Herbicide Application And The Intensification Factors Nitrogen Fertilization And SuppleMental Sprinkling In Field Grass Stands, Klaus Sieberhein, Horst Stacke
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experimental results so far obtained show that there may be interactions between herbicide application and the intensification factors nitrogen fertilization and supplemental sprinkling. Forthcoming investigations will help deepening the knowledge in this complex sphere. The research results may contribute to establishing optimum conditions regarding the use of the different factors of intensification, including herbicides, as a major prerequisite for obtaining maximum and secure yields from field grass.
On The Occurrence In Grassland Of Heterodera Longicaudata Seidel, 1972 And H. Punctata Thorne, 1928, Mechthild Seidel
On The Occurrence In Grassland Of Heterodera Longicaudata Seidel, 1972 And H. Punctata Thorne, 1928, Mechthild Seidel
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies into the occurrence of H. longicaudata have shown the widespread presence of this species, in addition to H. punctata, in all Districts of the County of Rostock. About 66 % of all grassland sites investigated were found to be infested. The degree of infestation increased along with the cultivation of excellent host plants as well as along with rising pH values. Both species were recordable also from arable land with high cropping concentrations of forage grasses and cereals. In the latter case, however, only 16 % of all fields investigated were infested, most of them to minor degrees.
Mechanical And Chemical Weed Control In Perennial Forage Plant Stands, Yuri Kanygin, Tamara Fedonina
Mechanical And Chemical Weed Control In Perennial Forage Plant Stands, Yuri Kanygin, Tamara Fedonina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An outline is given of the results of weed control in red clover, alfalfa, goat's rue, and timothy. In red clover stands for seed production, Basagran and Basagran M (1.5 to 3.01/ha) reached high selectivity and efficiency when combined with mechanical cultivation, weed infestation in the stands being reduced by 78-89 % and the share of weed seeds in clover seeds going down to 8.3 %- The advantages of Basagran (1.5 1/ha) over 2,4-DB (2.0 I/ha) were evident in alfalfa. Treatment with Basagran (3.0 1/ha) and 2,4-DB (2.0 1/ha) of goat's rue in the first year of growth helped to …
Irrigation With Sewage -An Effective Procedure For InCreasing The Yield Performance Of Grassland As Well As For Protecting Inland Waters Against Pollution, V M. Novikov, N A. Kovaleva, V P. Sayapin, L F. Mikheeva, M I. Demina
Irrigation With Sewage -An Effective Procedure For InCreasing The Yield Performance Of Grassland As Well As For Protecting Inland Waters Against Pollution, V M. Novikov, N A. Kovaleva, V P. Sayapin, L F. Mikheeva, M I. Demina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The utilization of sewage for irrigation purposes is an effective procedure for increasing the yield performance of grassland as well as for protecting inland waters against pollution. Compared with irrigation only during the growing season, all-season use of sewage is more effective in increasing forage production and reducing both the quantity of sewage diverted into inland waters and the deficit of irrigation water. By way of science-based choice of the irrigation regime, the perennial forage plant species, and their kind ofutilization, 8.0-10.0 tons and more of high-quality dry matter can be obtained per hectare, with 6,000-7,000 m3 of sewage being …
The Influence Of Different Irrigation Methods On Evapotranspiration, Pasture Yield, And Forage Quality, B I. Korotkov
The Influence Of Different Irrigation Methods On Evapotranspiration, Pasture Yield, And Forage Quality, B I. Korotkov
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Various irrigation methods were compared on sown pastures to elucidate the potential advantages of subsurface irrigation and intermittent moistening over sprinkling. Subsurface irrigation which, irrespective . of weather conditions, ensures an optimum water and air regime in the root zone is preferably applied to soils with low water permeability in the subsoil horizon. The highest economy ,in the use of irrigation water is obtained from intermittent moistening, giving optimum evapotranspiration of pastures and yields of something between 30 and 35 % in excess of the control. The highest dry matter yield increment was obtained when irrigation (above all intermittent moistening …
Sprinkling Of Pastures On Light Soils -Effectiveness Under Conditions Of Central Poland, Mikolai Nazaruk
Sprinkling Of Pastures On Light Soils -Effectiveness Under Conditions Of Central Poland, Mikolai Nazaruk
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments carried out between 1966 and 1972 have shown that even on light soils the productivity of pastures can be considerably increased by combining intensive fertilization with sprinkling irrigation. This yield increment would allow an extra milk production of approximately 2,000 kg per hectare, a fact stressing the economic efficiency of sprinkling irrigation. Sprinkling results in a more steady yield increment in the course of the growing season as well as in a higher feeding value of the green matter.
Pasture Irrigation With Industrial And Communal Sewage From The Town Of Kiev, I Palamarchuk, A Bogovin, V Maksimenko, Yu Beskrovny, N Zgurskaya
Pasture Irrigation With Industrial And Communal Sewage From The Town Of Kiev, I Palamarchuk, A Bogovin, V Maksimenko, Yu Beskrovny, N Zgurskaya
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Irrigation of pastures in the northern forest steppe of Ukraine is possible with soil moisture reduction from 80 % to 65 % of minimum water capacity in the upper soil layer (0-60 cm), provided it is combined with fertilization. Dry matter yields between 7.2 and 7.9 t/ha were obtainable from legume + grasses mixtures in response to irrigation plus fertilization (60 kg P + 90 kg K/ha). Per-hectare dry matter yields were increased to 10.0 tons and even more by adding to the PK ration 150 kg N/ha. Fertilization with 300 kg N + 120 kg P + 180 kg …
Modelling The Irrigation Regimes Of Lucern, Jiri Ulehla
Modelling The Irrigation Regimes Of Lucern, Jiri Ulehla
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Actual irrigation regimes of lucern, resulting from soil moisture measurements, were compared with irrigation regimes calculated from weather data using a computer. The results for ten years and four variants were evaluated in this way. A reasonable correlation was found between the actual and model regimes when using appropriate parameters. Based on these and previous results, a program was prepared which is used since 1974 in preparing weekly data sheets on irrigation requirements of lucern and other crops in l 8 places typical of the irrigation districts of southern Moravia.
Application Of Sewage Waters From Coal-Refining Industry To Grassland And Forage Areas On Reclaimed Brown-Coal Dump Sites, W Hubner, P Muller
Application Of Sewage Waters From Coal-Refining Industry To Grassland And Forage Areas On Reclaimed Brown-Coal Dump Sites, W Hubner, P Muller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage production, particularly with grasses, is suitable for agricultural utilization of dump sites of brown-coal open-cast mines. The high demand for supplemental water offers the possibility to use sewage from the coal-refining industry; this sewage gives higher crop yields and undergoes biological clarification in the soil. The supplemental water, however, must be applied in small split doses and at short intervals. The Soviet circular sprinkling machine "Fregat" is qualified for this within the frame of industrialized large-scale crop production.
Effect Of Fertilization And Irrigation At Different FrequenCies On The Growth, Yield, And Quality Of The Natural FloodPlain Sward Of The Zambezi Area, Zambia, Jaroslav Kulich
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
One of the major problems of livestock production in the Western Province of Zambia is to provide feed during the later part of the rainy season and major early part of the cool season, when the grazing area (Zambezi plain) is flooded. The bulk of this present research has been concerned with the management and improvement of the natural vegetation with emphasis on the use of irrigation, fertilizer, and herbage conservation. Herbage yields and crude protein content varied with the rate of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation level. In our trials, for every 100 mm of irrigation, grass production increased by …
Possibilities Of Increasing The Productivity Of Grasses By Way Of Irrigation, Michal Santa
Possibilities Of Increasing The Productivity Of Grasses By Way Of Irrigation, Michal Santa
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Our experimental results, which have been confirmed in practice, indicate the positive response of irrigated grasses to high nitrogen applications (600 kg a.i/ha). Czechoslovak varieties of perennial ryegrass are capable of producing hay yields of 25 t/ha and crude protein yields of about 4.0 t/ha. Under intensive irrigation (60 % of utilizable field capacity) with a Ladino clover proportion of 15-20% and nitrogen rates of 100-200 kg/ha, hay yields of some 20 t/ha and crude protein yields of more than 3.0 t/ha are obtainable. Irrigated forage plant mixtures allow to reduce the area under forage crops by 0.25 ha per …
Irrigated Sown Grassland Stands, S Culica
Irrigated Sown Grassland Stands, S Culica
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In 7 experiment years a mixture of 40 % Dactylis glomerata, 40 % Lolium perenne, and 20 % Medicago sativa·produced an average annual yield of 64.6 t green matter per ha (12.2 t OM/ha). The sown mixture was fertilized with 90 kg N/ha for every growth and 40 kg P/ha and 50 kg K/ha in the autumn. Because the grasses were predominant, it was possible to use this mixture for cutting or grazing for five months every year. Nitrogen fertilization had a direct effect on forage quality, as it raised the crude protein content of the plants.
Yield And Forage Quality Of Different Sown Swards On Ameliorated Sandy Peat Soil Under The Influence Of Subsoil Irrigation With Saline Water, Renate Bockholt
Yield And Forage Quality Of Different Sown Swards On Ameliorated Sandy Peat Soil Under The Influence Of Subsoil Irrigation With Saline Water, Renate Bockholt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Average forage yields of 10.6 to 15.3 tons of dry matter per hectare have been obtained with 100 to 500 kg N/ha under the conditions of subsoil irrigation with water of 0.3 % salt content and an overall soil salinity of 0.15 to 0.27 %. Highest yields for grazing have been obtained from mixtures with Lolium perenne, and top yields for mowing were produced by sown swards containing Lolium multiflorum. With the exception of some species with increased Na and Cl contents (positive reaction) there were no major changes in forage quality.
Recommended Values For Dimensioning And Designing Sprinkler Irrigation In Industrialized Forage Plant ProducTion In The Gdr, Klaus Schwarz, Dieter Roth
Recommended Values For Dimensioning And Designing Sprinkler Irrigation In Industrialized Forage Plant ProducTion In The Gdr, Klaus Schwarz, Dieter Roth
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
With the transition to industrialized crop and animal production in the GDR, sprinkler irrigation of field forage plants and grassland, above all with sewage water and clean water +slurry mixtures, is becoming more and more important. It gets increasingly concentrated on field grass and grass/clover stands. The supplemental water requirement is 210 to 270 mm/ year in case of clean-water sprinkling and up to 400 mm/year if sewage water is used. The hydro-modulus of the irrigation plants is between 1.2 and 1.6 m3 /h/ha, depending on the simultaneity factor. In order to attain the required water quantity per unit of …
Meadow Crop Yields As Influenced By Distance From Sewage Feeder, Mieczyslaw Nowak, Maria Kukula
Meadow Crop Yields As Influenced By Distance From Sewage Feeder, Mieczyslaw Nowak, Maria Kukula
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments using the sewage of the river Ner for irrigation have shown that grassland situated close by. a feeder line (5 m) gave 48.1 % higher yields thaa grassland that is far from the sewage feeder (35 m). The response to fertilization (mainly with nitrogen) was, however, better on grassland situated far from the sewage feeder. Fertilization thus reduced the difference in yield between the two locations, close by and far from the feeder line.
The Yielding Capacity Of Meadows On Waterlogged Soils After Reclamation, S Grzyb
The Yielding Capacity Of Meadows On Waterlogged Soils After Reclamation, S Grzyb
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experiments reported in this paper were applied to 30 ha of lowland grassland bordering on a lateral retaining wall of a reservoir in the floodplain of river Bug. The site had been reclaimed by mounting an artificial sand layer (thickness between 20 cm and 100 cm). Grassland yields on the reclaimed site rose eightfold. Sufficient moisture and normal fertilization contributed to an annual average yield of 8.25 tons of high-quality hay per hectare, following three two-year experiments on loose sand (without B-horizon).