Weed Science Commons^™

Evaluation Of Herbicides For Suppression Of Rhizome Growth From Johnsongrass (Sorghum Halepense L.) In Corn And Soybeans, John Oakes

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L.) presents a serious problem in the production of corn and soybeans in Kentucky.

Various rates of the thiocarbamates, dinitroanilines, carbamates, amides, ureas, and triazines were used in association with the crops corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.) to determine the degree of suppression on rhizomatous johnsongrass infesting the previously named crops.

Suppression was determined by selecting areas within each treated plot, counting the number of culms, then harvesting johnsongrass rhizomes. Dry weights of rhizomes were then determined as a measure of rhizome suppression.

Results show that of …

Ryegrass Disease Could Spread, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The disease annual ryegrass toxicity kills sheep and cattle grazing pastures which contain infected annual ryegrass. In Western Australia the first confirmed outbreak was in 1968 in the Gnowangerup area.

The disease has noe spread over a range of 450 kilometres and with a total area of perhaps 100 000 hectares. because annual ryegrass is the major sown pasture grass in W.A. the disease could spread throughout the South-West.

There are some precautions that can be taken.

Minimum Tillage For Crop Planting, Geoffrey A. Pearce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

this article is condensed from a report of studies of minimum tillage systems and research in the United Kingdom and North america during 1976.

The author, Mr Geoff Pearce, is a Senior Research Officer in the Department of Agriculture's Weed Agronomy Section. He has been associated with reduced tillage research in Western Australia for several years and undertook the study tour to gain the benefit of intensive overseas research on the subject.

Evaluation Of Glyphosate In No-Till Double Crop Soybeans Using Varying Volumes & Pressures, Charles Rogers

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

No-tillage production of crops has developed and become widespread since the late 1950/s. No-till is dependent upon the use of broad spectrum herbicides to kill weeds already growing at planting time. Until recently, this has almost exclusively been paraquat (1,1'-dimethy1-4,4'-bipyridinium ion). Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a new herbicide which has great potential for use in no -tillage production.

Soybeans (Glycine max L.) were planted in the stubble after wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was harvested. All plots received applications of the residual herbicides alachlor [2-chioro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] and linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenv1)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea]. Each plot also received either paraquat or glyphosate or was designated as …

Effects Of Time Of Application Of Glyphosate In The Control Of Johnsongrass, Marlin Moody

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Investigations were conducted to determine the effects of the herbicide glyphosate and its time of application on the control of johnsongrass.

Johnsongrass plots were divided into areas designated undisturbed, spring plowed, and clipped. These areas were compared to determine differences in control of johnsongrass when using glyphosate with different management procedures. Glyphosate was applied at weekly intervals and treatment effects were statistically analyzed. There were three replications of each treatment.

It appears from the results that:

1. Glyphosate kills approximately 100% of the johnsongrass topgrowth regardless of the application date.

2. Height of the johnsongrass plant at the time of glyphosate application …

   ---

   Go to article

Extracts From The Department Of Agriculture's Annual Report, 1974-75, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Department of Agriculture's Annual Report for the year ended June 30, 1975, took the form of short reviews of selected activities of the Department during the year.

Some of these reviews are reprinted below to give an idea of the range of activities undertaken by the Department. A limited number of copies of the full report are available to interested organisations from the Department of Agriculture, Jarrah Road, South Perth, 6151.

In past years the Department's report has taken the form of a relatively detailed technical summary of the work of each Division. Because of the large volume of …

The Effect Of 2,4-D, Grazing Management And Nitrogen Fertilizer On Pasture Production, M. K. Mccarty, M. L. Cox, D. L. Linscott

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Many pastures in eastern Nebraska and surrounding areas have gradually decreased in productivity. Over a long period of heavy grazing, native warm-season grasses have been largely replaced with Kentucky bluegrass, other less desirable grasses, and broadleaf weeds. A program was started in 1949 to study the effectiveness of protection from grazing in changing the botanical composition and yield of a pasture where the predominant forage was Kentucky bluegrass. Several weed control treatments were included in this experiment to determine if mowing or spraying would hasten the return of more desirable forage. After weed control and differential grazing treatments had been …

A Mode Of Action Of Herbicides: Inhibition Of The Normal Process Of Nitrite Reduction, Lowell Klepper

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Herbicides were shown to interfere in the normal process of enzymatic nitrite reduction by the plant in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic plant tissues with little effect on nitrate reduction. This preferential inhibition caused nitrite to accumulate. The occurrence of free nitrite within the plant can help to explain the toxicity symptoms, nastic growth reactions, abnormal metabolism and rapid death due to herbicide action. This blockage of nitrite reduction was shown with all photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides tested and with numerous other herbicides. The effect was demonstrated using an in vivo assay, intact green plants and germinating seedlings. A basic in vivo method …

Skeleton Weed : The 1974 Narembeen Campaign, C R. Chambers

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Skeleton weed took an alarming, historic turn in Western Australia at the 1974 New Year.

After a decade of an almost complacent pattern—control of one or two small outbreaks annually by the Agriculture Protection Board— general alarm erupted with the discovery of big areas at Pithara and mainly Narembeen.

What followed was a massive movement and engagement of not only Department staff but also the farming community in an attempt to beat this outbreak.

Distribution & Life Cycle Of Nodding Thistle (Carduus Nutans L.) In Kentucky, Garry Lacefield

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Carduus nutans L., commonly called nodding thistle or musk thistle, has been in the United States for over 50 years; however, it was not until the early 1940's that it was identified in Kentucky. It was first identified in Kentucky in Warren County, and by 1970 had spread to 88 of the 120 counties in Kentucky. The thistle is present in all regions of the state, but most of the counties not having the thistle are located in the mountainous region of Eastern Kentucky.

The thistle plant has a fleshy tap-root which is characteristically hollow near the soil surface. Flowering …

How Profitable Are Herbicides For Weeds In Crops?, J W. Malcolm, G. A. Pearce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

BEFORE spending money on chemical weed control in crops, a farmer needs to know how profitable the operation will be. He may also be influenced by other things such as the need for weed-free seed, but the most important consideration should be an increased cash return.

If a herbicide is used to control weeds in a crop, the extra yield achieved must be worth more than the cost of the herbicide and its application for the treatment to be profitable.

This article gives guidelines to help farmers estimate the likely profitability of herbicide treatments for quota and non-quota crops.

A Cheaper Herbicide For Wild Oats, Geoffrey A. Pearce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A NEW herbicide, *NEOBAN, will reduce the cost of chemical for the control of wild oats in wheat and barley to $2.50 per acre.

Because of the cost of herbicides for wild oats during the past two years, the acreage treated has been declining steadily.

Farmers who thought that spending about $4 per acre was worth while will be delighted with Neoban.

The Economics Of Spray Seed, J W. Malcolm

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE "Spray Seed"* technique has many advantages over conventional cultivation methods of weed control. Some of these are matters of convenience, preference or opinion, and these cannot be measured in general economic terms.

However, most farmers are in the business to make money and as making money becomes harder they are more concerned with the extra money a new move is likely to earn for them.

Weed Control Research Pays Dividends, G R W Meadly

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

On my bookshelf is a handbook entitled "War on Weeds" or "How to Double our Food Supply."

In many of these countries experiments have been made to ascertain as far as possible the exact damage done by weeds to crops.

Result: In all the experiments, whether made in England or abroad, the mean loss was over 50 per cent.

The level of loss is equally true today, but the methods at our disposal for handling weeds have improved tremendously.

Identification Of Seeds Of Undesirable Weeds, J R. Peirce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

PREVENTING the introduction of weeds to a farm is a far cheaper proposition compared to the expensive and laborious process of eradicating a well established infestation.

Unfortunately most weeds establish themselves as plants before they are identified, the main reason being farmers are often unable to recognise weeds in the seed stage.

The Protection Of Primary Production : The Role Of The Agriculture Protection Board Of Western Australia, A R. Tomlinson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE main function of the Agriculture Protection Board of W.A. is, as its name implies, "protection", and, in this case, it is the State's primary production which is being protected from pest animals, birds and weeds.

In general, the Board's activities are centred on the prevention, destruction or management of animals and plants which are troublesome to agricultural or pastoral production, or are capable of being troublesome.

Western Ironweed: Research On Anatomy, Physiology, Life History And Control, M. K. Mccarty, C. J. Scifres

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Western ironweed (Vernonia baldwini Torr.) is a member of a widespread and diverse genus. The genus is characterized by perennial herbs and shrubs. Weaver and Darland listed the increase of western ironweed, at one time sparsely distributed, as an indication of degeneration of the true prairie. They described the invasion, spread, and ultimate dominance of western ironweed in many pastures after the drought years. Weaver measured ironweed roots to a depth of 11 or 12 ft., and remarked that it was one of "the most abundant and worst weeds in native pastures derived from the true prairie." Research has …

Some Factors Affecting Germination And Seedling Growth Of Scotch Thistle, C. J. Scifres, M. K. Mccarty

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.) is a native of Eurasia. Scotch thistle is found in the grasslands of central Nebraska, with heaviest infestations in Gosper, Dawson, and Valley Counties and limited occurrence in 18 additional counties. The Nebraska Unicameral declared it a noxious weed in 1965. This study measures the effects of some environmental factors on scotch thistle germination and seedling growth, and clarifies some of the interactions of these with inherent characteristics of the achene. The effect of achene coat, stratification, light, temperature, growth regulators, pH, depth of planting, salinity, germination inhibitors, and moisture stress were studied.

Germination And Early Seedling Development Of Musk And Plumeless Thistle, M. K. Mccarty, C. J. Scifres, A. L. Smith, G. L. Horst

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of some simulated environmental variables on the germination of musk and plumeless thistle achenes. The two species appear to occupy a somewhat similar role in the natural vegetation, and a direct comparison of germination characteristics was sought.

Life Cycle Studies With Musk Thistle, M. K. Mccarty, C. J. Scifres

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Musk thistle (Carduus nutans L.) was added to the Nebraska noxious weed list in 1959. The objectives of this study were: (a) to determine the normal life cycle of musk thistle in Nebraska; (b) to determine the variations from the normal life cycle of musk thistle; and (c) to furnish a summary of the phenology for musk thistle in southeastern Nebraska. Observations are used freely throughout the text to describe morphological variations occurring within musk thistle that are not easily quantified.

Weed Control In Pastures : A Practical Approach For Sheep Areas, Geoffrey A. Pearce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

IN the past, chemical treatments for the control of weeds in pastures have been costly and severe on pasture, and have had to be repeated over a number of years. The method outlined in this article overcomes nearly all these disadvantages.

Bulletin No 3547 - Kimberley Research Station - Progress Report 1968, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

Rivers flowing to the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Timor Sea have been estimated by hydrologists to carry about three times the water transported annually over the Murray drainage system and the South Eastern slopes which, together, comprise the highly settled agricultural areas of South Eastern Australia.

In 1945, the North Australian Development Committee recommended research in the Ord-Victoria rivers region as a first step toward ultimate agricultural development of this Northern potential and, in 1946, the Kim- berley Research Station commenced operations under the joint control of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization and the Western Australian Department …

Seed And Phenological Studies With Shattercane, O. C. Burnside

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This research deals with the phenology and life history of shattercane, studies on seed dormancy and germination characteristics, and a description of the natural variability that occurs within this weedy species. Detailed information is needed on this weed before an intelligent approach can be made toward its control. These studies also may serve to familiarize people with shattercane and make them cognizant of its potential as a weed.

Wild Oats In Wheat, J G. Paterson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Trials with a new chemical suggest that economical control of wild oats in wheat is only possible in heavily infested crops.

I N recent years there has been a marked increase in the incidence of wild oats in the wheat areas of this State. Three factors have been responsible.

Skeleton Weed : A Menace To The Wheat Industry, G R W Meadly

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

If introduced into Western Australia skeleton weed could become a greater problem to the wheat industry in this State than it is in the Eastern States.The risk of introduction is increasing.

Study these illustrations so that you will be able to recognise skeleton weed if you see it; early recognition may mean the difference between eradication and infestation.

Cotton Growing On The Ord River, N J. Thomson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Cotton growing is nearing the commercial stages on the Ord River, with the first farm scale crops now ready to harvest on the Pilot farm, and the Kimberley Research Station.

It is already backed by some years of experimental work at K.R.S., which has provided the background for this article giving the first recommendations on cotton growing for future settlers in the Ord River Irrigation Area.

Weed Research. 8. Weed Control In The Vineyard, Geoffrey A. Pearce, W. R. Jamieson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

WEED control in the vineyard has been achieved by cultivation for many centuries and it is only during recent years that attention has been given to the use of herbicides for this purpose.

Today there is little risk to the vine in using any one of the herbicides listed in this article, and in general the main considerations governing the use of chemicals for weed control are the cost of the operation and the effect which it is desired to achieve.

Bulletin No 32 - Noxious Weeds And Poison Plants, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Bulletins 1 - 2999

Many settlers, new to this State, find some difficulty in distinguishing those vegetable pests which are classed as noxious weeds, the eradication of which is made compulsory under the Noxious Weeds Act of 1904.

In order to facilitate the ready recognition of the plants which are the least familiar, the Department of Agriculture has prepared this Bulletin, giving illustrations of the several varieties which have been gazetted as noxious. these are: - Stinkwort, Bathurst Burr, Noogoorn Burr, Nut Bramble, Spanish Radish, Prickly Pear, Apple of Sodom, sweet Briar, Wild Bramble, Star Thistle (purple), Double Gee and Water hyacinth.

The Grasses Of Nebraska, Charles E. Bessey, Robert Bolin , Depositor

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Dr Bessey was the Nebraska State Botanist and Professor of Botany at University of Nebraska. This report contains a classification list of grasses found in the state and brief comments on the usefulness of the various grasses.

Plants Of Maine: Our Native Flora & Some Notes On Maine Cattle, F. Lamson Scribner

Maine Collection

Plants of Maine: Our Native Flora & Some Notes on Maine Cattle

by F. Lamson Scribner

Two articles originally published in "Agriculture of Maine 1874-5, 19th Annual Report of the Secretary of the Maine Board of Agriculture."

Contents:Ornamental and Useful Plants of Maine / Some Notes on Maine Cattle