Plant Pathology Commons^™

Crop Updates 2001 - Weeds, Vanessa Stewart, David Bowran, Alexandra Wallace, Bill Roy, Peter Newman, Cameron Weeks, Tony Blake, Dave Nicholson, Clinton Revell, Candy Hudson, Abul Hashem, Nerys Wilkins, Terry Piper, Aik Cheam, Amanda Ellery, Ross Chapman, Sally Peltzert, Robert Barrett-Lennard, Marta Monjardino, David Pannell, Stephen Powles, Rick Llewellyn, Paul Blackwell, Maurice Black, Miles Obst, Mike Collins, Julie Roche, Harmohinder S. Dhammu, Siew Lee, Mario D'Antuono, Ian Rose, Diana Fedorenko, Clayton Butterly, Stuart Mcalpine, Keith Devenish, John Moore, Paul Matson, Shannon Barraclough, Lionel Martin, Mike Clarke, Jonas Hodgson, Lawrence Price, Craig Brown, Gordon Cumming, Bill Crabtree, Jenny Hawkes, Roger Jones

Crop Updates

This session covers forty six papers from different authors:

1. INTRODUCTION, Vanessa Stewart, Agriculture Western Australia

PLENARY

2. Wild radish – the implications for our rotations, David Bowran, Centre for Cropping Systems

INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT

IWM system studies/demonstration sites

3. Integrated weed management: Cadoux, Alexandra Wallace, Agriculture Western Australia

4. A system approach to managing resistant ryegrass, Bill Roy, Agricultural Consulting and Research Services Pty Ltd, York

5. Long term herbicide resistance demonstration, Peter Newman, Agriculture Western Australia, Cameron Weeks, Tony Blake and Dave Nicholson

6. Integrated weed management: Katanning, Alexandra Wallace, Agriculture Western Australia

7. Integrated …

Crop Updates 2000 - Cereals Part 1, Timothy G. Reeves, Sanjaya Rajaram, Maarten Van Ginkel, Richard Trethowan, Hans-Joachim Braun, Kelly Cassaday, R. A. Mcintosh, Rob Loughman, Ross Brennan, Mike Bolland, Zed Rengel, David Isbister, Paul Blackwell, Derk Bakker, Greg Hamilton, David Houlbrooke, Cliff Spann, Doug Rowe, Patrick Gethin, Stephen Loss, Frank Boetel, Tim O'Dea, Noeleen Edwards, Wayne Pluske, Ross Brennan, M. T. F. Wong, K. Wittwer, H. Zhang

Crop Updates

This session covers eleven papers from different authors:

PLENARY PAPERS

1. New Wheat for a Secure, Sustainable Future, Timothy G. Reeves, Sanjaya Rajaram, Maarten van Ginkel, Richard Trethowan, Hans-Joachim Braun, and Kelly Cassaday, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)

2. Managing Cereal Rusts - a National Perspective, R.A. McIntosh, University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, New South Wales

3. Managing Cereal Rusts in 2000 - a regional imperative, R. Loughman, Agriculture Western Australia

4. Is nutrition the answer to wheat after canola problems?Ross Brennan¹, Bill Bowden¹, Mike Bolland¹, Zed Rengel^{2 …}

Crop Updates 2000 - Cereals Part 2, Debbie Thackray, Jenny Hawkins, Roger Jones, Dominie Wright, Peter Carlton, Jat Bhathal, Robert Loughman, K. Jayasena, J. Majewski, S. Kelly, G. Holloway, N, Venn, D. Diepeveen, Brenda Shackley, Darshan Sharma, Wal Anderson, Mohammad Amjad, Vanessa Dooley, Peter Burgess, Ashley Bacon, Frances Hoyle, Keith Devenish, Mathew Appelbee, Mohommed Hamza, Steven Mccoy, Steven Penny

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty papers from different authors:

DISEASE

1. Forecasting aphid and virus risk in cereals, Debbie Thackray, Jenny Hawkes and Roger Jones, Agriculture Western Australia and Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture

2. Cereal Diagnostics, Dominie Wright, Agriculture Western Australia

3. The economic returns from spraying for leaf rust in the central wheatbelt in 1999, Peter Carlton, Trials Coordinator, Elders Limited

4. Impact and Management of Yellow Spot and Leaf Rust in the Northern Agricultural Region, Jat Bhathal and Robert Loughman, Agriculture Western Australia

5. Leaf disease management in wheat and barley in the southern …

Cereal Rust Diseases And Their Management, 1999, Rob Dickie, Rob Loughman, Jat Bhathal

Technical Bulletins

• Wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici) is specific to wheat and triticale. A single pathotype (designated 104-1,2,3,(6),(7),11) has dominated in W.A. since 1990. Wheat leaf rust regularly survives the non-cropping summer in varying quantities, usually sufficient to occur at least to a limited extent (particularly in southern regions) each year. The disease develops rapidly between 15 and 22°C when moisture (including dew) is non-limiting. The highest yield increase attributed directly to control of leaf rust in W.A. is 37 per cent. However the disease is synergistically damaging in combination with septoria leaf blotches. In Esperance in …

Pesticide Use On Crops In Nebraska - 1987, Maurice Baker, Nancy Peterson, Shripat T. Kamble

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This is the third and most comprehensive study of pesticide use on crops in Nebraska. The first was completed in 1978 and the second one in 1982. The first study indicated that approximately 25 million pounds (11.34 million kg) of active ingredients were used on the major crops in Nebraska. This increased to approximately 30.2 million pounds (13.7 million kg) in 1982. The USDA requires accurate information to meet their responsibilities. Thus, this survey was undertaken to determine: 1) the use of pesticides on crops, pasture and rangeland and 2) to identify pest management practices.

Yellow Spot Of Wheat, R Loughman, J. M. Wilson, R. E. Wilson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Yellow spot is a serious leaf disease of wheat in Western Australia. It also occurs in Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia. Yellow spot can appear as a severe leaf blight but generally the disease does not have the rapid epidemic development of wheat rust diseases. It builds up more slowly and is not as obvious in the crop, while caising appreciable yield loss.

Leaf Rust Of Wheat, Donald E. Hershman

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Leaf rust of wheat, caused by the fungus Puccini recondita f. sp. tritici, can cause heavy yield losses in wheat. Growers frequently underestimate the losses caused by leaf rust because the disease never destroys an entire crop in Kentucky and seldom causes severe shriveling of the grain. Yet the disease reduces the number of Kernels per head, as well as grain test weight. Grain from severely rusted plants is also lower in protein content.

Some leaf rust occurs in the state every year, but variations in the weather and the amount of rust overwintering in the southern states produce …

The Stripe Rust Threat, B R. Whan, T. N. Khan

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The wheat disease stripe rust caused crop losses estimated at $20 million in New South Wales during an epidemis in 983. Economic crop losses were reported in neighbouring States and as far westas Ceduna in South Australia. In some States large areas were sprayed with fungacide at considerable cost to control disease spread.

Wheat stripe rust has not been found in Western Australia yet, but all current evidence indicates that it will eventually reach this State.When it does, it has the potential to cause considerable crop losses every year, unlike the spasmodic losses from stem rust, and it will greatly …

Symptoms And Treatment Of Copper Deficiency Of Wheat, J W. Gartrell, R. F. Brennan, A. D. Robson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Copper deficiency in wheat is still common but may not be easily noticed.

Results Of The First High Protein-High Lysine Wheat Observation Nursery Grown In 1975, K. D. Wilhelmi, S. L. Kuhr, V. A. Johnson, P. J. Mattern

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This is the first report of results from a high protein-high lysine observation (HP-HL) nursery organized in 1974 by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under a contract with the Agency for International Development, U.S. Department of State. Primary objectives of this nursery are to: (1) Systematically provide breeders and cooperators with superior genetic germplasm for elevated levels of protein and/or lysine. (2) Test the degree of expression of the high protein and high lysine traits in a diverse array of environments.

Bulletin No 3573 - Wheat Diseases In Western Australia, A. G. P. Brown, G. C. Mac Nish

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

Diseases caused by pathogenic organisms can seriously affect the yield of wheat. Some diseases are comparatively rare whereas others occur over a large area of the wheatbelt year after year.

it is important to be able to identify diseases correctly so that the appropriate control measures can be applied, In the following article the diseases of wheat caused by pathogenic organisms are illustrated, with their symptoms described, and where possible, the control measures given.

Grain Crop Varieties For Western Australia, H M. Fisher

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Recommendations for grain crop varieties grown in Western Australia are based on the results of field trials carried out each year by the Department of Agriculture at some 50 sites throughout the agricultural areas.

New varieties are tested directly against existing commercial varieties in large scale field trials for several years. Yield and quality results are analysed and market requirements are studied before recommendations are formulated.

This article gives information on the varieties of a range of crops now recommended for growing in Western Australia.

Wheat Rust Epidemics, A G P Brown, J. T. Reeves

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Stem rust of wheat is probably the most damaging plant disease in the world. The rust fungus attacks stems, leaves and heads, producing characteristic red-brown pustules which affect the plant's ability to fill out the grain. Yield loss is directly related to the amount of rust in the crop and the length of time the crop is infected.

In Western Australia it is not uncommon to find rust on crops in mid-October, but usually there is negligible loss of yield. In fact this pattern is quite normal throughout the world: In general, rust arrives too late to cause an epidemic. …

Glume Blotch Of Wheat, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Glume blotch on wheat crops is seen frequently in some areas of Western Australia and was particularly severe in the West Midlands in 1971.

The disease is caused by the fungus Septoria nodorum which infects the leaves, stems and heads of the wheat plant.

Copper Requirements For The South-Eastern Wheatbelt, D J. Gilbey, K. D. Greathead, J. W. Gartrell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

FARM experience and the results of five years intensive research have shown copper deficiency to be widespread in the south-eastern wheatbelt.

On many areas of the south-eastern wheatbelt, copper deficiency is likely to restrict wheat yields.

Wheat Diseases In Western Australia, W A. Shipton, W. R. Tweedie, K. J. Locke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

DISEASES caused by pathogenic organisms can seriously affect the yield of wheat. Some diseases are comparatively rare whereas others occur over a large area of the wheatbelt year after year.

The Effect Of Straw On The Emergence Of Wheat Seedlings, W A. Shipton, W. R. Tweedie

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The emergence of wheat seedlings was decreased substantially when seed was planted close to oaten straw.

When the grain was placed a 1/4 inch above a straw layer emergence was depressed by more than half.

Septoria Leaf Spot And Glume Blotch Of Wheat, W A. Shipton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

SEPTORIA leaf spot and glume blotch of wheat occur throughout Australia and are capable of reducing crop yields.

While no estimates of yield losses are yet available in Western Australia both diseases can cause serious damage to crops.

Summer And Autumn Rainfall In Relation To Epidemics Of Wheat Stem Rust In Western Australia, W A. Shipton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

High summer and autumn rainfalls, followed by rust infection of volunteer plants and favourable conditions during late winter and spring, lead to rust epidemics.

WIDESPREAD outbreaks of wheat stem rust are rare in Western Australia.

Take-All Of Wheat On The Esperance Downs : The Ffect Of Nitrogenous Fertiliser, S C. Chambers

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The number of wheat tillers affected by take-all was not influenced by the application of ammonium sulphate in an experiment at Esperance Downs Research Station.

However, its use stimulated tillering and increased yields by an estimated 7.4 bushels an acre.

Stem Rust Of Wheat, H L. Harvey

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

STEM RUST is one of the most serious diseases of wheat and is of world-wide importance.

Fortunately, widespread epidemics are rare in Western Australia because the general climatic conditions are usually unfavourable to the disease.

Nevertheless, localised outbreaks of stem rust are quite common on the Esperance Plains and around Geraldton where seasonal conditions are frequently mild and humid.

The 1963-64 Wheat Stem Rust Epidemic, J T. Reeves

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Comments on the 1963 epidemic and the current situation regarding rust races and resistant varieties in Western Australia.

THE 1963-64 harvest included 12 million bushels of undergrade wheat, representing 25 per cent, of the total harvest.

The average yield was reduced to only 11.3 bushels per acre. Although these adverse effects were due to a number of causes, the principal one was stem rust.

The economic loss due to this disease in the 1963-64 harvest probably exceeded £10 million.

Recommended Wheat Varieties, 1965 : State Wheat Advisory Committee Recommendations For Wheat Varieties For 1965 Plantings, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

State Wheat Advisory Committee recommendations for wheat varieties for 1965 plantings.

THE wheat rust epidemic of 1963 has directed attention to resistance of varieties to this disease, new races of which have recently appeared in Western Australia.

However, last year was one of abnormal seasonal conditions, with late summer rains followed by a mild winter, and spring conditions which favoured rust.

Take-All Disease Of Wheat, S C. Chambers

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Take-all is the most serious of the several root-rotting diseases of wheat in Western Australia.

In the absence of cereal crops, the fungus responsible for take-all survives on the roots of native grasses.

Losses can be minimised by adopting cultural methods which reduce the amount of infective material in the soil and which also encourage vigorous growth of the crop.

Take-All Of Wheat On The Esperance Downs : The Effect Of Multiple Cropping, S C. Chambers

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A considerable increase in take-all occurred in the second crop of wheat following linseed, oats or vetches at the Esperance Downs Research Station.

THE take-all disease of wheat, caused by the fungus Ophiobolus graminis, has been responsible for many crop failures in the Esperance district during the past 15 years.

In an endeavour to find a practical solution to this problem, a crop rotation experiment was started in 1961 at the Esperance Downs Research Station.

Wheat Breeding And Variety Trials, 1963-64, J T. Reeves

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A review of the wheat breeding and pedigree seed production by the Department of Agriculture.

Yields from the wheat variety trials at agricultural research stations during the 1963-64 season are presented and discussed.

A Study Of Puccinia Graminis And Cronartium Ribicola, Duane W. Hughes

Graduate Student Research Papers

It was the purpose of this study (1) to review the literary history of rusts in the United States and in the Northwest in particular, ( 2) to learn where rusts generally are found geographically, (3) to gain further information regarding the etiology of wheat rust (Puccinia graminis tritici), of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and to become enlightened on other rusts, (4) to learn ways of controlling the two rusts, black stem rust of wheat and white pine blister rust, and to gain an appreciation of the economic importance of rust prevention.

Recommended Wheat Varieties : 1964, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE State Wheat Advisory Committee has issued its official list of recommended wheat varieties for 1964.

Take-All Of Wheat On The Esperance Downs, S C. Chambers

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE agricultural development of the Esperance Downs was reviewed recently by Shier, Dunne and Fitzpatrick (1963) who indicated the great potential of this region.

They described the establishment of clover ley pastures capable of supporting heavy stocking rates. Crops of oats or linseed also give excellent returns.

Weed-free rotations which include linseed, oats or vetches may reduce wheat losses caused by take-all on the Esperance Downs.

Root Diseases In Wheat On Clover Ley : Factors Under Investigation. 1. The Role Of Oats After Ley, S C. Chambers

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The role of oats in relation to root diseases of wheat was examined at four of the State Wheat Research Stations.

Several recognised pathogenic organisms were isolated in the course of the investigation, the most important being Ophiobolus graminis, which is the cause of "take-all."

Results suggest that one year under oats after clover ley is sufficient to reduce the incidence of take-all, except when seasonal conditions are extremely favourable to the disease.

In areas where take-all is a problem, wheat planted after a first crop of oats can sometimes give a higher yield than a first crop of wheat. …