Plant Pathology Commons^™

Differential Gene Expression Patterns Of Male Sterile Lines Of Alfalfa Hybrids At Bud Differentiation Stage And Heterosis, Liyan Cai, Fengling Shi, Cuiping Gao, Fengyan Yi, Xia Gao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is important legume forage that is widely cultivated in China and other countries. Alfalfa breeding can’t meet the need of production now, highlighted in yield and resistance of current alfalfa cultivars (He et al., 2000; Wei et al., 2007). Increasing heterozygosity of hybrids and thus the heterosis is a way to breed alfalfa cultivars with high yield and resistance (Hong et al., 2009). The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations of various differential gene expression patterns with forage yield in order to better understand the role the alfalfa male …

Feed And Fodder–A Major Challenge In Cold Arid Region Of Leh, Mahendra Singh Raghuvanshi, R. K. Bhatt, J C. Tewari, Stanzin Landol, Jigmat Stanzin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Agriculture and animal husbandry in cold arid region are interwoven with the complex fabric of the society in sociocultural, religious and economical ways. Mixed crop-livestock farming systems have exerted a powerful influence on climate of Leh because of dissected topography with high peaks and deep valleys, having immense surface area and substantial area of which is clothed with a massive green mantle of plant cover during cropping season. Increased development in terms of increased agriculture, construction of roads, other miscellaneous constructions, and revenue oriented forestry has accentuated deforestation to meet the demand of fuel, fodders based industries. This has also …

Effects Of Alternate Furrow Irrigation On The Forage Quality Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa), Xiao Yu, Zhengang Guo, Tingting Jia, Yuying Shen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is widely used to establish pasture to sustain animal production because of its high nutritional quality for livestock (Bouton, 2012). Therefore improving quality of alfalfa pasture is the main goal for establishing pasture throughout the world. Irrigation is an important approach for achieving high qualities of alfalfa pasture, however, the scarcity of water threatens the sustainability of world alfalfa production, requiring us to force on using water more efficiently (Liu and Guo, 2013). Alternate furrow irrigation has been proved as a water-saving technique to promote fruit quality of tomatoes and grapevines and the seed quality …

Development And Validation Of Molecular Markers For Phytophthora Medicaginis Resistance In Lucerne, David J. Armour, Karen S. Aitken, John A. G. Irwin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Resistance to Phytophthora medicaginis is an essential attribute to incorporate into lucerne (Medicago sativa) cultivars which are likely to be grown on heavy soils or in conditions where the soil remains excessively wet for prolonged periods. Current breeding strategies rely on recurrent phenotypic selection to maintain adequate levels of resistance in newly developed synthetic cultivars. However, little is known about the source or mechanism(s) of genetic resistance operating in the cultivar. A genetic linkage map was generated from a tetraploid M. sativa population using SSR markers anchored to existing genetic and physical maps. Large effect QTL were identified …

Effects Of Se And Co Combined Fertilizer On Production Of Alfalfa, Xiao Guo, Xiao-Lei Jie, Hua-Feng Hu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Selenium(Se) and cobalt (Co) are important essential trace elements for forage and animal production (Yang et al. 1998, Arvy 1993). The supplementation of Se in animal diet significantly increases Se-Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px ) activities in the liver, testes, spermatozoa and seminal plasma (Abdelrahman et al.1998), Selenium is also a key component of a number of functional seleno-proteins. GSH-Px is the best characterized of the family of selenoproteins. In Henan Province, the fine grass and green milk production zones are mainly distributed along the riverbank of the Yellow River where soils are sandy and sterile with lower Se and Co …

The Effect Of Different Types Of Inoculants On The Characteristics Of Alfalfa, Ryegrass And Red Clover-Ryegrass-Timothy Silage, Vilma Vrotniakiene, Jonas Jatkauskas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Silage inoculants based on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have demonstrated improvements in energy and nutrient recovery from grass and legume silages by lowering the pH and shifting the fermentation towards lactic acid production, by reducing storage losses due to spoilage and by increasing the aerobic stability during feed-out. There are different mixtures of strains currently on the market.

The present study was conducted according to the Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft Guidelines for the testing of silage additives in order to assess which mixtures of lactic acid bacteria would have a greater potential to improve fermentation profile of alfalfa, perennial ryegrass and red …

Assessment Of Drought Resistance For 17 Alfalfa Varieties At The Seedling Stage, Lin Meng, Peichun Mao, Qiang Guo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa is a crop of relative water demand, and the good quality, the high and stable yield could be obtained directly depending on water supplies and strong or weak drought resistance ability of alfalfa cultivars (Geng 1995; Chen and Jia 2000). To guide steady and effectively development of alfalfa industrialization in the arid and semi-arid regions of China, we systematically selected the excellent drought resistant alfalfa cultivars, and then identified and assessed their drought resistant capacity. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted by simulating drought stress in a greenhouse to assess the drought resistance of seventeen alfalfa cultivars …

Delayed Sowing Decreased Lucerne Dry Matter Yield Over Two Seasons, Richard Sim, Derrick Moot

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) can be sown in New Zealand from late spring (October) to early autumn (March). In the establishment season, greatest drymatter (DM) yields are normally attained from sowing early and production lost from delayed sowing is only considered in the establishment season. The objective of this research is to determine if sowing date continues to have an effect on DM yield in year two and how the partitioning of DM between the above and below ground plant fractions is influenced by sowing date.

Subsoil Acidity Determines Survival Of Lucerne On A Highly Acidic Soil, Guangdi Li, Mark Conyers, Richard Lowrie, Graeme Poile

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa) is one of most productive perennial species in southern Australia. However, productivity is severely restricted under acid soils (Irwin et al. 2001). Fenton et al. (1996) reported that lucerne performs poorly if soil pH was below 5 and exchangeable aluminium was over 5%. It is estimated that there are 24 m ha of acidic subsoil in southern Australia (Dolling et al. 2001). A long-term liming experiment, 1992 to 2010, aimed to ameliorate subsoil acidity via a vigorous liming program (Li et al. 2001). This paper reports survival of lucerne during the …

Effect Of Lactobacillus Plantarum On Fermentation Quality Of Alfalfa Silages Mixed With Different Proportions Of Jujube Powder, Jipeng Tian, Zhu Yu, Zhongkuan Liu, Zhenyu Liu, Qing Zhang, Xujiao Li, Yu Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hebei province is one of the main production areas of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in China. While alfalfa is used to make silages, it is necessary to improve the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage. Jujube powder which contains a high content of sugar, might be a good material to ensile mixed with alfalfa. On the other hand, the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been documented and has been used as an additive to achieve good preservation of silage.

The objective of this study was a) to screen different ratios of jujube powder in the mixed silage of …

Improving Forage Nonstructural Carbohydrates Through Management And Breeding, Gilles Bélanger, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, Annick Bertrand, Yves Castonguay, Robert Berthiaume, Réal Michaud, Sophie Pelletier, Chantale Morin, Carole Lafrenière, Guy Allard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) are an important source of readily fermentable energy available to rumen microbes. Limited concentrations of readily available energy in forages combined with fast and intensive protein degradation contribute to poor N use efficiency by dairy cows and other ruminants. Increasing NSC in forages has been shown to improve intake, milk yield, and N use efficiency (Brito et al. 2009). We assessed several strategies to increase forage NSC accumulation, including PM-cutting, species selection and genetic improvement.

Global Illumina Sequencing And The Development Of Est-Ssr Markers In Alfalfa, Zhipeng Liu, Yanrong Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

RNA-Seq, a massively parallel sequencing method for transcriptome analysis, only analyzes transcribed portions of the genome. Recently, RNA-Seq has provided an opportunity to expand the identification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) genes. Using Illumina sequencing, 124,025 unique sequences from MSGI 1.0 have been identified from the elongating stem and post-elongation stem internodes of two alfalfa genotypes (Yang et al. 2011). Using 454 sequencing, 54,216 unique sequences were obtained from the roots and shoots of two alfalfa genotypes (Han et al., 2011). In addition, Illumina sequencing of old and young stems of 27 alfalfa genotypes led to the …

Selection For Improved Saccharification Efficiency In Alfalfa Stems Assessed By Enzyme-Released Glucose, Annick Bertrand, Yves Castonguay, Réal Michaud, Marc-Olivier Duceppe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has a high potential for sustainable bioethanol production, particularly because of its low reliance on N fertilizer (Samac et al. 2006). Genetic improvement for the accumulation of readily fermentable non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and the saccharification of structural carbohydrate (SC) could significantly increase ethanol conversion rate. Genetic gains for these traits are tributary to the availability of screening techniques for the precise identification of superior genotypes with increased potential for the production of fermentable carbohydrates.

When assessing the genetic variability of parameters linked to cellulosic ethanol production (concentrations of NSC and SC), our results showed …

Physiological Characterization Of Cut-To-Cut Yield Variations Of Alfalfa Genotypes Under Controlled Greenhouse Conditions, Defeng Li, Baoluo Ma, Chengzhang Wang, Pufang Li

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In a temperate region, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) crops are usually harvested 3-6 times per annum. The biomass yields of first and second cuts in the spring are generally the high-est. However, in subsequent cuts the biomass yields decline, with the final 1 or 2 cuts producing the lowest yields (Wang et al. 2009). This seasonal reduction in alfalfa biomass yields could be associated with prevailing changes in environmental factors such as rainfall and heat stress or due to biological characteristics of alfalfa crop itself. In this study, alfalfa was grown under controlled greenhouse conditions with suitable temperature, …

Perennial Legume Swards For Organic Farming System In Lithuania, Jonas Šlepetys, Alvyra Slepetiene

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The economic and ecological benefits of forage legumes are well known. While perennial legumes can be useful in various aspects (Ledgard 2001), some legumes have short persistence in swards (Frame et al.1998; Vaiciulyte and Bacenas 2008) which is undesirable for organic farms where no mineral nitrogen is applied. Early flowering red clover (Trifolium pratense), which is the most common legume in Lithuania, has high yields only in the first – second years of use. In the third year, it often disappears completely.

In Lithuania, fodder galega (Galega orientalis) is the most long lived legume exhibiting …

Fodder Yield And Quality Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) Grown As Pure Stands And In Mixture With Oats (Avena Sativa), Mustard (Brassica Campestris) And Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) Under Different Cutting Managements, Balwinder Kumar, U. S. Tiwana, Ajaib Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Legume-cereal mixtures are important protein and carbohydrate sources for livestock and provide a balanced chemical composition for livestock feeding along with higher green forage yields than the pure stands (Berdahl et al. 2001; Albayrak and Ekiz, 2005). Lucerne is the most important rabi legume crop of Punjab grown under limited irrigation conditions and provides succulent, palatable and nutritious fodder to dairy animals. The fodder yield of first cut of lucerne is very low so it is usually grown in mixture with oats and or mustard. The information on the mixtures of lucerne and suitable cutting times is scant. This …

Scenario Analysis: Risk And Return Of Aluminium Tolerant Lucerne, Claire D. Lewis, J. L. Jacobs, K. F. Smith, G. Spangenberg, B. Malcolm

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa) yield is limited by aluminium stress associated with acid soils (Campbell et al. 1988; Scott et al. 2008). With the aid of transgenic technologies, the development of aluminium tolerant (Al Tol) lucerne is proposed. Modelled scenario analysis was conducted to explore the potential net benefits of Al Tol lucerne as part of a grazing system for a sheep production system in the high rainfall zone of south west Victoria.

Lucerne For Acid Soils: A Field Evaluation Of Early Generation Aluminium Tolerant Genotypes, Richard C. Hayes, Guangdi Li, Shoba Venkatanagappa, Alan W. Humphries, Ross Ballard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The development of lucerne germplasm tolerant of acidic soil conditions has long been a research objective of international significance. Many initiatives have previously failed to produce genotypes with adequate improvement in tolerance to be deemed economically viable and as a consequence, still no cultivar of lucerne exists that has improved adaptation to acidic soils. An Australian research program spanning the previous decade sought to redress this issue by developing lucerne genotypes with significantly enhanced tolerance to aluminium (Al) toxicity. Using recurrent selection in hydroponic solution culture, populations selected comprised individuals which displayed enhanced seedling root growth following a pulse of …

Pesticide Use On Crops In Nebraska - 1987, Maurice Baker, Nancy Peterson, Shripat T. Kamble

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This is the third and most comprehensive study of pesticide use on crops in Nebraska. The first was completed in 1978 and the second one in 1982. The first study indicated that approximately 25 million pounds (11.34 million kg) of active ingredients were used on the major crops in Nebraska. This increased to approximately 30.2 million pounds (13.7 million kg) in 1982. The USDA requires accurate information to meet their responsibilities. Thus, this survey was undertaken to determine: 1) the use of pesticides on crops, pasture and rangeland and 2) to identify pest management practices.

Managing Diseases Of Alfalfa, Paul C. Vincelli, Garry D. Lacefield, Jimmy C. Henning

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Alfalfa can be a vigorous and productive forage crop for Kentucky farmers. Like all farm crops, however, alfalfa is subject to infectious diseases that can limit forage production. Managing these diseases is an important part of economical alfalfa production.

Alfalfa diseases can cause reduced forage yield, reduced forage quality, and decreased stand persistence. Sometimes, the effects of infectious diseases can be dramatic, such as sudden stand loss in a fall-seeded crop caused by Sclerotinia crown and stem rot. Often, the effects of diseases on alfalfa are more subtle but no less important. For example, alfalfa plants with Phytophthora root rot …

Wilt And Cold Resistance Of Self-Fertilized Lines Of Alfalfas, George L. Peltier, H. M. Tysdal

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The relative reactions to cold and wilt of self-fertilized lines of alfalfa through to the fifth generation are reported. Some of the reasons for undertaking a breeding program are given as well as methods used in the controlled cold and wilt determinations. Preliminary studies showed that reinoculating healthy individuals which had already resisted one wilt infection test served to eliminate additional plants, but the percentage healthy was much higher after the reinoculation than after the first inoculation. The foundation materials from which selections were made consisted of selected plants from a number of old Nebraska fields and a large collection …

The Nature Of Resistance In Alfalfa To Wilt (Aplanobacter Insidiosum L. Mc.), George L. Peltier, F. R. Schroeder

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

Alfalfa wilt was first discovered in 1924 in southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois. The causal organism, Aplanobacter insidiosum, was later described by McCulloch. Since that time wilt has been reported from most of the alfalfa-growing sections of the United States and in some states it has been responsible for a rapid decrease in the acreage of alfalfa. During the past three years a number of investigators have found that certain alfalfas are somewhat resistant to wilt, whereas others are very susceptible. At the Nebraska station the results to date indicate that all common and most variegated alfalfas are very …

The Relative Susceptibility Of Alfalfas To Wilt And Cold, George L. Peltier, H. M. Tysdal

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The final solution of the alfalfa-wilt problem in Nebraska probably lies in the development of resistant sorts that are winterhardy as well as productive. The relative susceptibility to wilt of 40 lots from Turkestan, 10 from France, 6 of Grimm from as many states, and 16 domestic alfalfas are reported on at this time, together with hardiness tests of a few well-known varieties and strains and the more recent introductions from Turkestan and France.