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Articles 31 - 50 of 50
Full-Text Articles in Plant Pathology
Protein-Protein Interactions Of Tandem Affinity Purified Protein Kinases From Rice, Jai S. Rohila, Mei Chen, Shuo Chen, Johann Chen, Ronald L. Cerny, Christopher Dardick, Patrick Canlas, Hiroaki Fujii, Michael Gribskov, Siddhartha Kanrar, Lucas Knoflicek, Becky Stevenson, Mingtang Xie, Xia Xu, Xianwu Zheng, Jing-Kang Zhu, Pamela Ronald, Michael E. Fromm
Protein-Protein Interactions Of Tandem Affinity Purified Protein Kinases From Rice, Jai S. Rohila, Mei Chen, Shuo Chen, Johann Chen, Ronald L. Cerny, Christopher Dardick, Patrick Canlas, Hiroaki Fujii, Michael Gribskov, Siddhartha Kanrar, Lucas Knoflicek, Becky Stevenson, Mingtang Xie, Xia Xu, Xianwu Zheng, Jing-Kang Zhu, Pamela Ronald, Michael E. Fromm
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications
Eighty-eight rice (Oryza sativa) cDNAs encoding rice leaf expressed protein kinases (PKs) were fused to a Tandem Affinity Purification tag (TAP-tag) and expressed in transgenic rice plants. The TAP-tagged PKs and interacting proteins were purified from the T1 progeny of the transgenic rice plants and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Forty-five TAPtagged PKs were recovered in this study and thirteen of these were found to interact with other rice proteins with a high probability score. In vivo phosphorylated sites were found for three of the PKs. A comparison of the TAP-tagged data from a combined analysis of 129 …
Participation Of Leaky Ribosome Scanning In Protein Dual Targeting By Alternative Translation Initiation In Higher Plants, Yashitola Wamboldt, Saleem Mohammed, Christian Elowsky, Chris Wittgren, Wilson B. M. De Paula, Sally Ann Mackenzie
Participation Of Leaky Ribosome Scanning In Protein Dual Targeting By Alternative Translation Initiation In Higher Plants, Yashitola Wamboldt, Saleem Mohammed, Christian Elowsky, Chris Wittgren, Wilson B. M. De Paula, Sally Ann Mackenzie
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications
Postendosymbiotic evolution has given rise to proteins that are multiply targeted within the cell. Various mechanisms have been identified to permit the expression of proteins encoding distinct N termini from a single gene. One mechanism involves alternative translation initiation (aTI). We previously showed evidence of aTI activity within the Arabidopsis thaliana organellar DNA polymerase gene POLg2. Translation initiates at four distinct sites within this gene, two non-AUG, to produce distinct plastid and mitochondrially targeted forms of the protein. To understand the regulation of aTI in higher plants, we used Polg2 as a model to investigate both cis- and trans …
Intergenic Transcription By Rna Polymerase Ii Coordinates Pol Iv And Pol V In Sirna-Directed Transcriptional Gene Silencing In Arabidopsis, Binglian Zheng, Zhengming Wang, Shengben Li, Bin Yu, Jin -Yuan Liu, Xuemei Chen
Intergenic Transcription By Rna Polymerase Ii Coordinates Pol Iv And Pol V In Sirna-Directed Transcriptional Gene Silencing In Arabidopsis, Binglian Zheng, Zhengming Wang, Shengben Li, Bin Yu, Jin -Yuan Liu, Xuemei Chen
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications
Intergenic transcription by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is widespread in plant and animal genomes, but the functions of intergenic transcription or the resulting noncoding transcripts are poorly understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis Pol II is indispensable for endogenous siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) at intergenic low-copy-number loci, despite the presence of two other polymerases—Pol IV and Pol V—that specialize in TGS through siRNAs. We show that Pol II produces noncoding scaffold transcripts that originate outside of heterochromatic, siRNA-generating loci. Through these transcripts and physical interactions with the siRNA effector protein ARGONAUTE4 (AGO4), Pol II recruits AGO4/siRNAs to homologous …
Preface To Lesser Known Large Dsdna Viruses. Current Topics In Microbiology And Immunology 328, James L. Van Etten
Preface To Lesser Known Large Dsdna Viruses. Current Topics In Microbiology And Immunology 328, James L. Van Etten
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Several large dsDNA-containing viruses such as poxviruses (smallpox) and herpes viruses are well known among the scientific community, as well as the general populace, because they cause human diseases. The large dsDNA insect-infecting baculoviruses are also well known in the scientific community because they are used both as biological control agents and as protein expression systems. However, there are other large dsDNA-containing viruses, including the giant 1.2-Mb mimivirus, which are less well known even though all of them play important roles in everyday life. Seven of these virus families are reviewed in this book.
Effects Of Increased Pco2 And Temperature On The North Atlantic Spring Bloom. Iii. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, Peter A. Lee, Jamie R. Rudisill, Aimee R. Neeley, Jennifer M. Maucher, David A. Hutchins, Yuanyuan Feng, Clinton E. Hare, Karine Leblanc, Julie M. Rose, Steven W. Wilhelm, Janet M. Rowe, Giacomo R. Ditullio
Effects Of Increased Pco2 And Temperature On The North Atlantic Spring Bloom. Iii. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, Peter A. Lee, Jamie R. Rudisill, Aimee R. Neeley, Jennifer M. Maucher, David A. Hutchins, Yuanyuan Feng, Clinton E. Hare, Karine Leblanc, Julie M. Rose, Steven W. Wilhelm, Janet M. Rowe, Giacomo R. Ditullio
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The CLAW hypothesis argues that a negative feedback mechanism involving phytoplankton- derived dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) could mitigate increasing sea surface temperatures that result from global warming. DMSP is converted to the climatically active dimethylsulfide (DMS), which is transferred to the atmosphere and photochemically oxidized to sulfate aerosols, leading to increases in planetary albedo and cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere. A shipboard incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of increased temperature and pCO2 on the algal community structure of the North Atlantic spring bloom and their subsequent impact on particulate and dissolved DMSP concentrations (DMSPp and DMSPd …
Oxygenase Coordination Is Required For Morphological Transition And The Host–Fungus Interaction Of Aspergillus Flavus, Sigal Horowitz Brown, James B. Scott, Jeyanthi Bhaheetharan, William C. Sharpee, Lane Milde, Richard A. Wilson
Oxygenase Coordination Is Required For Morphological Transition And The Host–Fungus Interaction Of Aspergillus Flavus, Sigal Horowitz Brown, James B. Scott, Jeyanthi Bhaheetharan, William C. Sharpee, Lane Milde, Richard A. Wilson
Fungal Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
Oxylipins, a class of oxygenase-derived unsaturated fatty acids, are important signal molecules in many biological systems. Recent characterization of an Aspergillus flavus lipoxygenase gene, lox, revealed its importance in maintaining a density-dependent morphology switch from sclerotia to conidia as population density increased. Here, we present evidence for the involvement of four more oxylipingenerating dioxygenases (PpoA, PpoB, PpoC, and PpoD) in A. flavus density-dependent phenomena and the effects of loss of these genes on aflatoxin production and seed colonization. Although several single mutants showed alterations in the sclerotia-to-conidia switch, the major effect was observed in a strain downregulated for all …
Fungal Physiology: A Future Perspective, Richard A. Wilson, Nicholas J. Talbot
Fungal Physiology: A Future Perspective, Richard A. Wilson, Nicholas J. Talbot
Fungal Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
The study of fungal physiology is set to change dramatically in the next few years as highly scalable technologies are deployed allowing accurate measurement and identification of metabolites, proteins and transcripts within cells. The advent of next-generation DNA-sequencing technologies will also provide genome sequence information from large numbers of industrially relevant and pathogenic fungal species, and allow comparative genome analysis between strains and populations of fungi. When coupled with advances in gene functional analysis, protein-protein interaction studies, live cell imaging and mathematical modelling, this promises a step-change in our understanding of how fungal cells operate as integrated dynamic living systems
Under Pressure: Investigating The Biology Of Plant Infection By Magnaporthe Oryza, Nicholas J. Talbot, Richard A. Wilson
Under Pressure: Investigating The Biology Of Plant Infection By Magnaporthe Oryza, Nicholas J. Talbot, Richard A. Wilson
Fungal Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
The filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast, the most serious disease of cultivated rice. Cellular differentiation of M. oryzae forms an infection structure called the appressorium, which generates enormous cellular turgor that is sufficient to rupture the plant cuticle. Here, we show how functional genomics approaches are providing new insight into the genetic control of plant infection by M. oryzae. We also look ahead to the key questions that need to be addressed to provide a better understanding of the molecular processes that lead to plant disease and the prospects for sustainable control of rice blast.
Accumulation Of A 5′ Proximal Subgenomic Rna Of Citrus Tristeza Virus Is Correlated With Encapsidation By The Minor Coat Protein, Siddarame Gowda, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Svetlana Y. Folimonova, Mark E. Hilf, William O. Dawson
Accumulation Of A 5′ Proximal Subgenomic Rna Of Citrus Tristeza Virus Is Correlated With Encapsidation By The Minor Coat Protein, Siddarame Gowda, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Svetlana Y. Folimonova, Mark E. Hilf, William O. Dawson
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
During replication, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) produces large amounts of two unusual subgenomic (sg) RNAs that are positive-stranded and 5′ coterminal. Although these RNAs are produced in similar amounts and are similar in size, with LMT1 (~750 nt) only slightly larger than LMT2 (~650), we found that the similar sgRNAs are produced differently. We previously showed that the LMT1 RNA is produced by premature termination during genomic RNA synthesis. However, LMT2 production was found to correlate with virion assembly instead of RNA replication. The time course of accumulation of the LMT2 RNA occurred late, coinciding with virion accumulation. The long …
Symbiotic Effects Of The Fungus Glomus Sp. On Chromium(Iii), Chromium(Vi), And Lead(Ii) Uptake By Mesquite (Prosopis Sp.): A Novel Method To Remediate Heavy Metals, Jack A. Arias
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The indiscriminate disposal of lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) containing wastes has resulted in a detrimental impact on environmental health. Lead and Cr are in the EPA priority list due to their degree of toxicity on humans, animals, plants, and other living organisms. The removal of toxic wastes involves technologies that are expensive, sometimes incomplete, and could represent health hazards. In addition, site restoration after contaminant removal encompasses time and technological resources. Phytoremediation, the use of plants alone or associated with microorganisms, represents a potentially cost-effective option in the long term management of contaminated sites. Various plants known as "hyperaccumulators" …
Identification And Characterization Of Host Factors Involved In Tombusvirus Replication, Yi Jiang
Identification And Characterization Of Host Factors Involved In Tombusvirus Replication, Yi Jiang
University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations
Positive strand RNA viruses are intracellular parasites, and their genome replication and infection involves complex virus-host interactions. Therefore, identification of host factors and dissection of their functions during virus replication could facilitate our understanding of the mechanism of virus infection. Those host factors may also provide new targets for viral disease control. Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) has recently become one of the model viruses to study positive strand RNA virus replication and hostvirus interactions. To identify host factors involved in TBSV replication we used yeast as a model host. Co-expression of the replication proteins and a replicon RNA (DI …
Role Of P33 In Tombusvirus Replication, Jozsef Stork
Role Of P33 In Tombusvirus Replication, Jozsef Stork
University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations
Replication of the nonsegmented, plus-stranded RNA genome of Cucumber necrosis tombusvirus (CNV) requires two essential overlapping viral-coded replication proteins, the p33 replication co-factor and the p92 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In my thesis I describe (i) the effect of phosphorylation of p33, (ii) the RNA chaperone-like activity of p33, and (iii) the role of HSP70s a host proteins in the viral replication. To test the effect of phosphorylation on p33 function, I used in vitro phosphorylated p33. I found that phosphorylation inhibited the ability of p33 to bind to the viral RNA. Phosphorylation-mimicking mutations rendered p33 nonfunctional in plant protoplasts and …
Characterization Of The 5′- And 3′-Terminal Subgenomic Rnas Produced By A Capillovirus: Evidence For A Cp Subgenomic Rna, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Mohammad R. Afunian, Siddarame Gowda, Mark E. Hilf, Moshe Bar-Joseph, William O. Dawson
Characterization Of The 5′- And 3′-Terminal Subgenomic Rnas Produced By A Capillovirus: Evidence For A Cp Subgenomic Rna, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Mohammad R. Afunian, Siddarame Gowda, Mark E. Hilf, Moshe Bar-Joseph, William O. Dawson
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The members of Capillovirus genus encode two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 encodes a large polyprotein containing the replication-associated proteins plus a coat protein (CP), and ORF2 encodes a movement protein (MP), located within ORF1 in a different reading frame. Organization of the CP sequence as part of the replicase ORF is unusual in capilloviruses. In this study, we examined the capillovirus genome expression strategy by characterizing viral RNAs produced by Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), isolate ML, a Capillovirus. CTLV-ML produced a genome-length RNA of ∼6.5-kb and two 3′-terminal sgRNAs in infected tissue that contain the MP …
Chlorella Virus Atcv-1 Encodes A Functional Potassium Channel Of 82 Amino Acids, Sabrina Gazzarrini, Ming Kang, Alessandra Abenavoli, Giulia Romani, Claudio Olivari, Daniele Gaslini, Giuseppina Ferrara, James L. Van Etten, Michael Kreim, Stefan M. Kast, Gerhard Thiel, Anna Moroni
Chlorella Virus Atcv-1 Encodes A Functional Potassium Channel Of 82 Amino Acids, Sabrina Gazzarrini, Ming Kang, Alessandra Abenavoli, Giulia Romani, Claudio Olivari, Daniele Gaslini, Giuseppina Ferrara, James L. Van Etten, Michael Kreim, Stefan M. Kast, Gerhard Thiel, Anna Moroni
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Chlorella virus PBCV-1 (Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus-1) encodes the smallest protein (94 amino acids, named Kcv) previously known to form a functional K+ channel in heterologous systems. In this paper, we characterize another chlorella virus encoded K+ channel protein (82 amino acids, named ATCV-1 Kcv) that forms a functional channel in Xenopus oocytes and rescues Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants that lack endogenous K+ uptake systems. Compared with the larger PBCV-1 Kcv, ATCV-1 Kcv lacks a cytoplasmic N-terminus and has a reduced number of charged amino acids in its turret domain. Despite these deficiencies, ATCV-1 Kcv accomplishes all the major features of …
The Phycodnaviridae: The Story Of How Tiny Giants Rule The World, W. H. Wilson, James L. Van Etten, M. J. Allen
The Phycodnaviridae: The Story Of How Tiny Giants Rule The World, W. H. Wilson, James L. Van Etten, M. J. Allen
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The family Phycodnaviridae encompasses a diverse and rapidly expanding collection of large icosahedral, dsDNA viruses that infect algae. These lytic and lysogenic viruses have genomes ranging from 160 to 560 kb. The family consists of six genera based initially on host range and supported by sequence comparisons. The family is monophyletic with branches for each genus, but the phycodnaviruses have evolutionary roots that connect them with several other families of large DNA viruses, referred to as the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV).The phycodnaviruses have diverse genome structures, some with large regions of noncoding sequence and others with regions of ssDNA. …
Choline-Utilizing Microblal Strains For Biologically Controlling Fusarium Head Blight, David A. Schisler, Naseem I. Khan, Michael J. Boehm, Patricia J. Slininger
Choline-Utilizing Microblal Strains For Biologically Controlling Fusarium Head Blight, David A. Schisler, Naseem I. Khan, Michael J. Boehm, Patricia J. Slininger
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Three choline utilizing strains of microorganisms isolated from the anthers of wheat, Aureobasidium pullulans strainAS 55.2, Arthrobacter species strain OH 221.3, and Pseudomonas species strain AS 64.4, are superior antagonists of F. graminearum. These microorganisms are effective for suppression and control of FHB in cereals, particularly in wheat and barley.
Dollar Spot Fungus Sclerotinla Homoeocarpa Produces Oxalic Acid, R. C. Venu, Robert A. Beaulieu, Terrance L. Graham, Ainhoa Martinez Medina, Michael J. Boehm
Dollar Spot Fungus Sclerotinla Homoeocarpa Produces Oxalic Acid, R. C. Venu, Robert A. Beaulieu, Terrance L. Graham, Ainhoa Martinez Medina, Michael J. Boehm
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Dollar spot, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa,. is one of the most devastating diseases of turfgrass worldwide. Many fungi belonging to the genus Sclerotinia produce oxalic acid along with pectolytic cell wall-degrading enzymes. A series of in vitro experiments showed the relationships among temperature, pH, mycelial growth and acid production. Mycelial growth and acid production were most abundant when S. homoeocarpa was grown between 20 and 30°C. Acid production by S. homoeocarpa appeared to be dependent upon the pH of the environment in which it was grown. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of spent broth revealed the presence of oxalic acid. …
Molecular Characterization Of Citrus Tatter Leaf Virus Historically Associated With Meyer Lemon Trees: Complete Genome Sequence And Development Of Biologically Active In Vitro Transcripts, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Mohammad R. Afunian, Mark E. Hilf, Siddarame Gowda, William O. Dawson, Stephen M. Garnsey
Molecular Characterization Of Citrus Tatter Leaf Virus Historically Associated With Meyer Lemon Trees: Complete Genome Sequence And Development Of Biologically Active In Vitro Transcripts, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Mohammad R. Afunian, Mark E. Hilf, Siddarame Gowda, William O. Dawson, Stephen M. Garnsey
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Citrus tatter leaf virus isolated from Meyer lemon trees (CTLV-ML) from California and Florida induces bud union incompatibility of citrus trees grafted on the widely used trifoliate and trifoliate hybrid rootstocks. The complete genome sequence of CTLV-ML was determined to be 6,495 nucleotides (nts), with two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) and a poly (A) tail at the 3′ end. The genome organization is similar to other capilloviruses, with ORF1 (nts 37 to 6,354) encoding a putative 242-kDa polyprotein which contains replication-associated domains plus a coat protein (CP), and ORF2 (nts 4,788 to 5,750), which is located within ORF1 in …
Plant-Microbes Interactions In Enhanced Fertilizer-Use Efficiency, Anthony O. Adesemoye, Joseph W. Kloepper
Plant-Microbes Interactions In Enhanced Fertilizer-Use Efficiency, Anthony O. Adesemoye, Joseph W. Kloepper
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The continued use of chemical fertilizers and manures for enhanced soil fertility and crop productivity often results in unexpected harmful environmental effects, including leaching of nitrate into groundwater, surface runoff of phosphorus and nitrogen runoff, and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. Integrated nutrient management systems are needed to maintain agricultural productivity and protect the environment. Microbial inoculants are promising components of such management systems. This review is a critical summary of the efforts in using microbial inoculants, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for increasing the use efficiency of fertilizers. Studies with microbial inoculants and nutrients have demonstrated that …
Towards Elimination And Genetic Manipulation Of Ergot Alkaloid Production In Fungal Endophytes, Simona Florea
Towards Elimination And Genetic Manipulation Of Ergot Alkaloid Production In Fungal Endophytes, Simona Florea
University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations
Clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes provide several ecological benefits to their hosts. Besides improving host’s growth characteristics, Neotyphodium coenophialum, the endophyte of tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum), produces ergot alkaloids that have been proposed to be involved in fescue toxicosis. One approach to address the toxicosis problem is to genetically manipulate and modify N. coenophialum by knocking out a pair of homologous genes, (dmaW1 and dmaW2), encoding dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, the enzyme for the first and determinant step in ergot-alkaloid biosynthesis. In this study, disruption of dmaW2 was attempted using several disruption methods. Out of 1522 transformants screened, three …