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Articles 31 - 46 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Plant Pathology
Development Of Biological Tools To Promote Rice Health And Growth, Ateet Maharjan
Development Of Biological Tools To Promote Rice Health And Growth, Ateet Maharjan
LSU Master's Theses
Sheath blight (ShB - caused by Rhizoctonia solani) and bacterial panicle blight (BPB - caused by Burkholderia glumae) are economically important rice diseases in Louisiana and other rice-growing regions. Fungicides and oxolinic acid are used to manage ShB and BPB, respectively, but these chemical methods are not sustainable economically and ecologically. Besides diseases, plant utilizable nitrogen (N) in the soil is inadequate for optimum crop yield, leading to the use of inorganic fertilizers and making agriculture less sustainable. To develop alternative biological control methods for protecting rice plants from diseases, rice-associated bacteria were screened based on their antagonistic …
Effects Of Silicon And Beneficial Bacteria On Sheath Blight Of Rice And The Microbial Community Of Rice Rhizosphere, Jhonson Leonard
Effects Of Silicon And Beneficial Bacteria On Sheath Blight Of Rice And The Microbial Community Of Rice Rhizosphere, Jhonson Leonard
LSU Master's Theses
Sheath blight (ShB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is an economically important soil-borne disease of rice (Oryza sativa) that can cause up to 50 % yield losses. Application of fungicides is the most effective and commonly used method for managing sheath blight. However, the pathogen can develop new resistant strains upon continuous exposure to a fungicide. Moreover, the use of inorganic fungicides is not eco-friendly. The utilization biological control agents (BCAs) can be a more sustainable and safe means of managing ShB. To develop alternate strategies for ShB management, I am exploring the effect of the silicon (Si) …
Characterization Of The Integrated Signaling Network Of Burkholderia Glumae For The Regulation Of Virulence-Related Function In The Bacterial Pathogenesis Of Rice Plants, Tiago De Paula Lelis
Characterization Of The Integrated Signaling Network Of Burkholderia Glumae For The Regulation Of Virulence-Related Function In The Bacterial Pathogenesis Of Rice Plants, Tiago De Paula Lelis
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Bacterial panicle blight of rice (BPB) caused by Burkholderia glumaeis a major bacterial disease of rice in many rice-producing areas worldwide. Managing the disease is still very difficult due to the lack of effective methods. B. glumaestrains show phenotypic and genomic variations; however, little variation was detected in the known virulence-related genes. In the present study, the complete genome of B. glumae257sh-1, a natural avirulent strain, was sequenced and analyzed. Several spontaneous mutations in the regulatory genes of these avirulent strains were identified. Presumably, the accumulation of these mutations can have a negative effect on the normal …
Development Of Sheath Blight-Resistant Breeding Lines For Southern U.S. Environments And Morphological And Genetic Survey Of Giant Salvinia Populations In Louisiana And Texas, Dominique Clark Galam
Development Of Sheath Blight-Resistant Breeding Lines For Southern U.S. Environments And Morphological And Genetic Survey Of Giant Salvinia Populations In Louisiana And Texas, Dominique Clark Galam
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The southern US environment is a very conducive environment for agriculture and fisheries. Rice farming, shrimping and water related activities help drive the local economy. However, there are several factors that impede the success of these activities. Sheath blight (SB) disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the major biotic constraints to high grain yield and quality for most commercial U.S. rice varieties. Although different breeding lines with high levels of "partial resistance" have been developed none has been used directly as a commercial variety. The first research objective of this research was to identify and develop advanced breeding …
The Tripartite Interaction Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Rice, And Insects, Lina Bernaola Alvarado
The Tripartite Interaction Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Rice, And Insects, Lina Bernaola Alvarado
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Losses caused by pests remain an important limitation to achieving high rice yields in the United States. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) are able to modify plant physiology by increasing plant growth or inducing defense responses against insect herbivores. However, studies of the role of AM fungi in agroecological factors, including natural occurrence, plant resistance, soil dependency, and plant tolerance, with specific regards to pests that feed on rice plants have not been conducted before. A three-year study revealed natural occurring colonization by AM fungi on rice roots sampled in four rice-producing areas in the southern United States. Overall, rice-AM …
Understanding Host-Fungus Interactions Between Soybean And Phakopsora Pachyrhizi To Enhance Soybean Resistance To Rust Disease, Dongfang Hu
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi was first reported in Japan in 1902. In 2004, Asian soybean rust was first reported in Louisiana and other Southeastern US states. It is one of the most important soybean diseases worldwide. Even though fungicide application can offer some protection and prevent severe yield losses caused by ASR if applied promptly, it is not a viable option as a long-term disease control measure because it increases the growers’ operation costs and the risk of environmental pollution. In addition, it also increases the chances of developing fungicide resistance within a pathogen population. The …
Investigations Into Aspergillus Flavus Infection Of Corn And Regulation Of Aflatoxin Production By Volatiles And Biocontrol Strains, Rebecca R. Sweany
Investigations Into Aspergillus Flavus Infection Of Corn And Regulation Of Aflatoxin Production By Volatiles And Biocontrol Strains, Rebecca R. Sweany
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Aspergillus flavus is an ascomycete fungus impacting agriculture, public and environmental health due to production of acutely-toxic, carcinogenic aflatoxins in oil seed crops, especially corn in Louisiana, and lung infections of immunocompromised patients resulting in a leading cause of AIDS patients’ deaths globally. The most effective aflatoxin mitigation strategy, biocontrol by atoxigenic A. flavus presents several concerns including: dissemination of a human pathogen, possible sexual reproduction and reliance on precise environmental conditions. Several aspects of A. flavus biology were investigated to potentially improve treatments. Studies investigated how genotypically diverse members within the A. flavus population interact with other population members …
Distribution And Incidence Of Mosaic And Evaluation Of Susceptibility In Louisiana's Current Sugarcane Germplasm, Jancee Rice
Distribution And Incidence Of Mosaic And Evaluation Of Susceptibility In Louisiana's Current Sugarcane Germplasm, Jancee Rice
LSU Master's Theses
Mosaic is a viral disease of sugarcane caused primarily by Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) in Louisiana. Low mosaic incidence has resulted from successful breeding for resistance. However, mosaic was detected in breeding program experimental clones and a new cultivar, HoCP 09-804.Therefore, multiple research approaches were undertaken to assess the current status of mosaic in Louisiana sugarcane and prevent it from re-emerging as an important problem. Field surveys conducted during 2016-2018 of breeding program yield trials and experimental clone seed-cane increases determined disease incidence and distribution. Mosaic was detected in three of five sugarcane production areas and incidence ranged from 0 …
Occurrence Of Putative Endornaviruses In Non-Cultivated Plant Species And Characterization Of A Novel Endornavirus In Geranium Carolinianum, Rachel Herschlag
Occurrence Of Putative Endornaviruses In Non-Cultivated Plant Species And Characterization Of A Novel Endornavirus In Geranium Carolinianum, Rachel Herschlag
LSU Master's Theses
Endornaviruses are RNA viruses, which can infect plants yet cause no apparent symptoms. To date, most descriptions of endornaviruses infecting plants have been in cultivated species. A survey for endornaviruses in non-cultivated plants was initiated in 2015 and continued through 2017 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Two hundred and seven plant species were tested for distinctive dsRNA profiles by selective extraction and gel electrophoresis, of which seven contained endornavirus-like dsRNA. RT-PCR amplification of an endornavirus-specific sequence supported the endornavirus nature of six of the seven samples. Of the six host species, one species, Geranium carolinianum was confirmed as being infected with …
Distinguishing Isolates Of Rotylenchulus Reniformis Endemic In Louisiana On The Basis Of Root-Associated Females And Egg Masses, Benjamin Mcinnes
Distinguishing Isolates Of Rotylenchulus Reniformis Endemic In Louisiana On The Basis Of Root-Associated Females And Egg Masses, Benjamin Mcinnes
LSU Master's Theses
The reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis is a major pathogen of soybean and cotton in Louisiana. Previous studies have shown that populations of reniform nematode throughout the southern United States vary in reproduction and pathogenicity. Limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the reproduction and pathogenicity of populations of R. reniformis endemic in Louisiana. Studies with isolates of the nematode from eight cotton-producing parishes focused solely on reproduction of the root-associated infective and swollen female life stages with and without attached egg masses on the cotton genotypes MT2468 Ren3, M713 Ren5, and Stoneville 4946GLB2 and the soybean genotypes PI 548316, PI …
Characterization Of Aspergillus Flavus Soil And Corn Kernel Populations From Eight Mississippi River States, Jorge A. Reyes Pineda
Characterization Of Aspergillus Flavus Soil And Corn Kernel Populations From Eight Mississippi River States, Jorge A. Reyes Pineda
LSU Master's Theses
Aspergillus flavus is a saprophytic ascomycete that can also actively invade the seed of crops and potentially contaminate them with harmful aflatoxins. Management of A. flavus currently relies mostly on biocontrol. However, there is still a lot to learn about its biology and ecology so the current approach can be improved. An A. flavus population survey was undertaken during the fall of 2014 across eight Mississippi River states to determine population diversity and geographic distribution of VCGs. Isolates from corn and soil were also characterized for VCG, sclerotial morphotype, mating type, cyclopiazonic acid, and aflatoxin production in order to determine …
Sweetpotato Virus C And Its Contribution To The Potyvirus Complex In Sweetpotato (Ipomoea Batatas), Favio E. Herrera Eguez
Sweetpotato Virus C And Its Contribution To The Potyvirus Complex In Sweetpotato (Ipomoea Batatas), Favio E. Herrera Eguez
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
In Louisiana, sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is infected in Louisiana by the four ubiquitous potyviruses: Sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), Sweetpotato virus G (SPVG), Sweetpotato virus 2 (SPV2) and the strain of SPFMV previously known as the common strain, recently renamed as Sweetpotato virus C (SPVC). These four viruses belong to the Potyviridae family, with single stranded RNA of ~11kb. In this group of plant viruses, a single polyprotein is coded entirely but later cleaved into ten mature proteins: P1, HC-pro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa-VPg, NIa-Pro Nib and Coat Protein (CP). In sweetpotato potyviruses, two additional open reading …
Incidence Of Aphelenchoides Besseyi In Rice In Louisiana And Host Status Of The Most Widely Planted Cultivars, Felipe Mendes Carvalho Godoy
Incidence Of Aphelenchoides Besseyi In Rice In Louisiana And Host Status Of The Most Widely Planted Cultivars, Felipe Mendes Carvalho Godoy
LSU Master's Theses
Aphelenchoides besseyi, the causal agent of white tip disease of rice, has been considered a minor pest of rice during the past 50 years in the United States. Recently this nematode has been found in a number of quarantine samples in Louisiana and Arkansas. Objectives of this research were to determine incidence of this nematode in commercial seed sold to producers in Louisiana and to determine the host status of major cultivars currently produced in the state. During 2015-2016, a total of 216 seed samples representing 3 medium grain, 18 long grain, and 4 long grain hybrid cultivars were …
Virulence Phenotypes Of Rotylenchulus Reniformis: Evaluation Of Host Status Of Cotton And Utility Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (Snps) For Identification, Churamani Khanal
Virulence Phenotypes Of Rotylenchulus Reniformis: Evaluation Of Host Status Of Cotton And Utility Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (Snps) For Identification, Churamani Khanal
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Comparative reproduction and pathogenicity of reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) populations derived from single-egg masses and collected form West Carroll (WC), Rapides (RAP), Morehouse (MOR), and Tensas (TEN) parishes in Louisiana were evaluated in microplot and greenhouse trials. Data from microplot trials showed significant differences among isolates of reniform nematode in both reproduction and pathogenicity on upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars Phytogen 499 WRF, Deltapine 1133 B2RF, and Phytogen 333 WRF. Across all cotton cultivars, MOR and RAP isolates had the greatest and the least reproduction values of 331.8 and 230.2, respectively. Reduction in plant dry weight, …
Pathogenicity And Reproduction Of Isolates Of Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus Reniformis, From Louisiana On Soybean And Utility Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms To Evaluate Genetic Variability, Herath Mudiyanselage Kularathna
Pathogenicity And Reproduction Of Isolates Of Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus Reniformis, From Louisiana On Soybean And Utility Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms To Evaluate Genetic Variability, Herath Mudiyanselage Kularathna
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Experiments were conducted to evaluate soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., responses to indigenous isolates of the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) in Louisiana and to understand the genetic variability of these native isolates. Microplot and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the comparative reproduction and pathogenicity of single egg-mass populations of R. reniformis isolated from West Carroll (WC), Rapides, Tensas and Morehouse (MOR) parishes of Louisiana. Data from full-season microplot trials, displayed significant differences in reproduction and pathogenicity of the nematode with the commercial soybean cultivars REV 56R63, Pioneer P54T94R, and Dyna-Gro 39RY57. Significantly low population density was observed …
A Comparison Of Soils And Their Associated Microbial Communities As Affected By Sugarcane Cultivation, Adam Francis Bigott
A Comparison Of Soils And Their Associated Microbial Communities As Affected By Sugarcane Cultivation, Adam Francis Bigott
LSU Master's Theses
In Louisiana, sugarcane has been grown in the same soils for over 200 years. A phenomenon wherein soils with a long-term sugarcane cropping history produce decreased yields compared to adjacent land without a recent history of sugarcane cultivation has been documented in multiple sugarcane growing regions. Research in both Louisiana and internationally has shown positive plant growth responses when soils with a long-term cultivation history are sterilized or treated with selective biocides, suggesting there is a biological component to the underlying soil health issue. In this study, soil microbial ecology was compared for paired sites with short and long-term sugarcane …