Plant Biology Commons^™

Assessing Genetic Diversity In The Web Blight Pathogen Thanatephorus Cucumeris (Anamorph = Rhizoctonia Solani) Subgroups Ag-1-Ie And Ag-1-If With Molecular Markers, N. González, James R. Steadman, Robert Higgins, Kent M. Eskridge

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Web blight, an important foliar disease of dry beans in the Americas, is a challenge to manage. We studied genetic variation of 92 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani subgroups AG-1-IE and AG-1-IF using DNA fingerprinting methods and mycelial compatibility grouping. The isolates were collected over 13 years from bean fields in the Dominican Republic, Honduras and Puerto Rico. Cluster and AMOVA analysis of combined data from two universal rice primers and two internal sequence repeats revealed significant genetic variation among and within populations of both subgroups. Variation was influenced by geographic origin and sampling year for AG-1-IE isolates and geographic origin …

Relevance Of Lysine Snorkeling In The Outer Transmembrane Domain Of Small Viral Potassium Ion Channels, Manuela Gebhardt, Leonhard M. Henkes, Sascha Tayefeh, Brigitte Hertel, Timo Greiner, James L. Van Etten, Dirk Baumeister, Christian Cosentino, Anna Moroni, Stefan M. Kast, Gerhard Thiel

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Transmembrane domains (TMDs) are often flanked by Lys or Arg because they keep their aliphatic parts in the bilayer and their charged groups in the polar interface. Here we examine the relevance of this so-called “snorkeling” of a cationic amino acid, which is conserved in the outer TMD of small viral K+ channels. Experimentally, snorkeling activity is not mandatory for KcvPBCV-1 because K29 can be replaced by most of the natural amino acids without any corruption of function. Two similar channels, KcvATCV-1 and KcvMT325, lack a cytosolic N-terminus, and neutralization of their equivalent cationic amino acids inhibits their function. To …

Rna-Seq Analysis Of The Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa – Creeping Bentgrass Pathosystem, Angela M. Orshinsky, Jinnan Hu, Stephen O. Opiyo, Venu Reddyvari-Channarayappa, Thomas K. Mitchell, Michael J. Boehm

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa causes dollar spot disease, the predominate disease on highly-maintained turfgrass. Currently, there are major gaps in our understanding of the molecular interactions between S. homoeocarpa and creeping bentgrass. In this study, 454 sequencing technology was used in the de novo assembly of S. homoeocarpa and creeping bentgrass transcriptomes. Transcript sequence data obtained using Illumina’s first generation sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) were mapped to the transcriptome assemblies to estimate transcript representation in different SBS libraries. SBS libraries included a S. homoeocarpa culture control, a creeping bentgrass uninoculated control, and a library for creeping bentgrass inoculated with S. homoeocarpa and incubated for …

The Role Of Auxin Resistant 1 (Axr1) In Arabidopsis Cytokinin Signaling, Yan Li

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The plant hormone cytokinin plays essential roles in many aspects of growth and development. The cytokinin signal is transmitted by a multistep phosphorelay to the members of two functionally antagonistic classes of Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs): the type-B ARRs (response activators) and type-A ARRs (negative-feedback regulators). Previous studies have shown that mutations in AXR1, encoding a subunit of the E1 enzyme in the related to ubiquitin (RUB) modification pathway, leads to decreased cytokinin sensitivity. This research shows that the cytokinin resistance of axr1 seedlings is suppressed by loss-of-function of type-A ARRs and that the cytokinin resistance caused by …

Gene Expression Profiling Of The Plant Pathogenic Basidiomycetous Fungus Rhizoctonia Solani Ag 4 Reveals Putative Virulence Factors, Dilip K. Lakshman, Nadim Alkharoud, Daniel P. Roberts, Savithiry S. Natarajan, Amitava Mitra

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Rhizoctonia solani is a ubiquitous basidiomycetous soilborne fungal pathogen causing damping- off of seedlings, aerial blights and postharvest diseases. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis a global approach based on analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was undertaken. To get broad gene-expression coverage, two normalized EST libraries were developed from mycelia grown under high nitrogen-induced virulent and low nitrogen/methylglucose-induced hypovirulent conditions. A pilot-scale assessment of gene diversity was made from the sequence analyses of the two libraries. A total of 2280 cDNA clones was sequenced that corresponded to 220 unique sequence sets or clusters (contigs) and 805 …

Effects Of Early Application Timing Of Foliar Fungicides In Field Corn In Central Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide early application timing trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. DeKalb corn hybrid DKC 62-54, rating of “good” (6 out of 9) for gray leaf spot (GLS) and “excellent” (2 out of 9) for common rust (CR), was planted on 3 May in 30 in. rows with a target population of 32,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked with a crop history of seven years of continuous corn. On 9 May before plant emergence, a herbicide program of Roundup (1 pt/A), Verdict (16 fl oz/A) and Atrazine (1 …

Evaluation Of Heat Shock Protein 70a (Hsp70a) In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Sarah Nicole Short

Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

Algae are being considered as a possible tool for carbon dioxide mitigation because they uptake carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Using flue gas from a coal-fired power plant as a carbon source would allow the algae to remove CO₂ from the flue gas before it is emitted into the atmosphere. Because algae do not grow well at the high temperature, low pH conditions presented by flue gas, the traditional approach has been to alter the flue gas to suit the needs of the algae; however, this work aimed to genetically modify the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to grow better at less …

Greenhouse Production Of Strawberries During The Winter, Ellen T. Paparozzi, George E. Meyer, Stacy A. Adams, M. Elizabeth Conley, Benjamin A. Loseke, Paul E. Read

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Strawberries are one of America’s favorite fruits and are available in grocery stores year round. Given increased shipping and other associated costs as well as the opportunity to provide a fresh, nutritious, local product, our research team is exploring the feasibility of growing strawberries during the winter in Nebraska.

Productivity Of Field Pea (Pisumsativum L.) And Spring Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Grown As Sole And Intercrops Under Different Nitrogen Levels, Chengchou Han, Christopher Borman, Dori Osantowski, Jeremy Wagnitz, Katja Koehler-Cole, Kevin Korus, Evan Sonderegger, Rodrigo Werle, Tara Wood, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Intercropping cereal grains and legumes has potential as an alternative cool-season forage crop in low-input farming systems. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of density, species proportion, and nitrogen (N) supply on the biomass accumulation of field pea and spring oat grown as sole or intercrops. Greenhouse experiments were conducted using an additive series experimental design. Treatments included three fertilizer N rates and 20 density/proportion combinations in a randomized complete block with four replications. Sole plant densities included 2, 3, 4, 5 plants of each species pot-1 (16 cm in diameter, 16 cm in height). The …

Effects Of Light Limitation On Plant-­Rhizobia And Plant-Mycorrhiza Interactions, Jess A. Millar

Anthós

Plants respond with a sink stimulation of photosynthesis when colonized by bacterial and fungal mutualists, which compensates for costs of carbohydrate allocation to the microbes. Problems may arise when light is limited and plants cannot increase photosynthesis. We hypothesize that under such conditions the costs for maintaining the mutualism outweigh the benefits, which ultimately turns the beneficial microbes into parasites exploiting resources and reducing host fitness. We study these plant-­‐microbe interactions under different light availabilities using lima bean plants, rhizobia (nitrogen-­‐fixing bacteria), and mycorrhizal fungi. In our study, we apply two levels of light (full light and light intensity reduced …

The Vascular Flora Of Breaks Interstate Park, Pike County, Kentucky, And Dickenson County, Virginia, Julie Bennett Clark

Online Theses and Dissertations

The vascular flora of Breaks Interstate Park was documented during two growing seasons, 2008 and 2009; with supplemental collections made in 2010 and 2011. The project area is located in eastern Kentucky and western Virginia at the northeastern terminus of Pine Mountain along the Appalachian Plateau. A total of 118 families, 341 genera, and 549 species, varieties, and subspecies were documented from Breaks Interstate Park. Six main vegetative communities were described: mesophytic forest, upper slopes and ridgetops, ponds/wetlands, river bottomland and floodplain/streamside, sandstone outcrops, and disturbed/open areas. Eleven rare species with state rankings were identified: Adlumia fungosa, Hydrastis canadensis, Juglans …

Spatial Patterns Of Brown Rot Epidemics And Development Of Microsatellite Markers For Analyzing Fine-Scale Genetic Structure Of Monilinia Fructicola Populations Within Peach Tree Canopies, Sydney E. Everhart, A. Askew, L. Seymour, T. C. Glenn, H. Scherm

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

To better understand the fine-scale spatial dynamics of brown rot disease and corresponding fungal genotypes, we analyzed three-dimensional spatial patterns of pre-harvest fruit rot caused by Monilinia fructicola in individual peach tree canopies and developed microsatellite markers for canopy-level population genetics analyses. Using a magnetic digitizer, high-resolution maps of fruit rot development in five representative trees were generated, and M. fructicola was isolated from each affected fruit. To characterize disease aggregation, nearest-neighbor distances among symptomatic fruit were calculated and compared with appropriate random simulations. Within-canopy disease aggregation correlated negatively with the number of diseased fruit per tree (r = −0.827, …

Prothioconazole Tolerant Cryptococcus Flavescens Strains For Biological Control Of Fusarium Head Blight, David A. Schisler, Michael J. Boehm

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Strains of Cryptococcus flavescens which are superior antagonists of F. graminearum for suppression and control of FHB in cereals, particularly in wheat and barley, are described. The strains are prothioconazole tolerant variants of previously described C. flavescens OH 182.9 (NRRL Y-30216). Moreover, these prothioconazole tolerant variants exhibit significantly increased efficacy against F. graminearum in comparison to the parent strain OH 182.9.

Product Comparison Of Foliar Fungicide Efficacy On Diseases Of Field Corn In Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

foliar fungicide efficacy trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. Dekalb corn hybrid DKC 62-54, rating of “good” (6 out of 9) for gray leaf spot (GLS) and “excellent” (2 out of 9) for common rust (CR), was planted on 3 May in 30-in. rows with a target population of 32,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked with soybean as the previous year’s crop. On 9 May before plant emergence, a herbicide program of Roundup (1 pt/A), Verdict (16 fl oz/A) and Atrazine (1 lb/A) was applied to the trial site. …

Efficacy Evaluation Of Foliar Fungicide Application Timing On Diseases Of Field Corn In Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

foliar fungicide efficacy timing trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. Dekalb corn hybrid DKC 62-54, rating of “good” (6 out of 9) for gray leaf spot (GLS) and “excellent” (2 out of 9) for common rust (CR), was planted on 3 May in 30-in. rows with a target population of 32,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked with soybean as the previous year’s crop. On 9 May before plant emergence, a herbicide program of Roundup (1 pt/A), Verdict (16 fl oz/A) and Atrazine (1 lb/A) was applied to the trial …

Evaluation Of Foliar Fungicide Efficacy On Sorghum In Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson-Ziems

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide efficacy trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. DeKalb sorghum hybrid DKS 36-06 was planted on 23 May in 30-in. rows with a target population of approximately 120,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked with soybean as the previous year’s crop. Four treatments and a nontreated control were replicated six times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (10 ft) wide by 40 ft in length. . . . There were significant differences in GLS AUDPC among treatments. The nontreated control exhibited the largest …

Effects Of Crop Injury On Disease Development, Tamra A. Jackson, Loren J. Giesler, Robert M. Harveson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The effect of damage caused by blowing soil and leaf contact with high speed winds and hail will all create a similar level of wounding that is often sufficient for pathogens that require wounds to enter (infect) plants. As we look at the level of disease and crop damage we can identify several examples in the corn and soybean disease systems when this can be a factor that could lead to significant disease development and possibly trigger a disease management action.

Hail and wind damage can result in an open canopy which can affect the microclimate and impact disease development. …

What's New In Plant Pathology: Resistance: Mystery And Misunderstandings, Amy D. Timmerman, Loren J. Giesler, Robert M. Harveson, Tamra Jackson-Ziems, Stephen N. Wegulo

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

One of the most common management recommendations for plant diseases is the use of resistant or tolerant varieties/hybrids in your production system. However, there is common confusion on the definition and differentiation of susceptible, tolerant, and resistant varieties/hybrids from a plant pathology viewpoint. A susceptible variety/hybrid allows the pathogen to reproduce and causes significant disease development and in turn compromises the productivity of the plant (i.e., yield). A tolerant variety/hybrid allows the pathogen to reproduce and cause disease at the same or at a slightly reduced rate as a susceptible variety/cultivar; however, there is no noticeable reduction in the plant’s …

Inheritance Of Grain Polyphenol Oxidase (Ppo) Activity In Multiple Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Genetic Backgrounds, Somrudee Nilthong, Robert A. Graybosch, P. Stephen Baenziger

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Grain polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity can cause discoloration of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) food products. Five crosses (PI 117635/Antelope; Fielder/ NW03681; Fielder/Antelope; NW07OR1070/Antelope; NW07OR1066/OR2050272H) were selected to study the genetic inheritance of PPO activity. STS markers, PPO18, PPO29 and STS01, were used to identify lines with putative alleles at the Ppo-A1 and Ppo-D1 loci conditioning low or high PPO activity. ANOVA showed significant genotypic effects on PPO activity (P\0.0001) in all populations. The generations and generation 9 genotype effects were not significant in any population. A putative third (null) genotype at Ppo-A1 (no PCR fragments for PPO18) was discovered …

Identification And Characterization Of Four Missense Mutations In Brown Midrib 12 (Bmr12), The Caffeic O-Methyltranferase (Comt) Of Sorghum, Scott E. Sattler, Nathan A. Palmer, Ana Saballos, Ann M. Greene, Zhanguo Xin, Gautam Sarath, Wilfred Vermerris, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Modifying lignin content and composition are targets to improve bioenergy crops for cellulosic conversion to biofuels. In sorghum and other C4 grasses, the brown midrib mutants have been shown to reduce lignin content and alter its composition. Bmr12 encodes the sorghum caffeic O-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the penultimate step in monolignol biosynthesis. From an EMS-mutagenized TILLING population, four bmr12 mutants were isolated. DNA sequencing identified the four missense mutations in the Bmr12 coding region, which changed evolutionarily conserved amino acids Ala71Val, Pro150Leu, Gly225Asp, and Gly325Ser. The previously characterized bmr12 mutants all contain premature stop codons. These newly identified mutants, along …

Estimating Construction Costs For A Low-Cost Quonset-Style Greenhouse, David P. Lambe, Stacy A. Adams, Ellen T. Paparozzi

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Double polyethylene Quonset-style greenhouses offergrowers and farmers a more cost-effective structure than glass- or acrylic-covered structures for growing plants off-season. These greenhouses are especially applicablefor producing off-season high value crops such as fruits and vegetables for local markets. To support this production alternative, this publication contains a list of greenhouse components, the start-up costs associated with these items and an estimate of the number of person hours required to assemble and outfit a 24-foot-by-72-foot double polyethylene, air-inflated greenhouse structure. As there are many options available for building double polyethylene greenhouses, the main purpose of this publication is to identify the …

The ‘Pi 438489b’ By ‘Hamilton’ Snp-Based Genetic Linkage Map Of Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] Identified Quantitative Trait Loci That Underlie Seedling Sds Resistance, Kassem My Abdelmajid, Laura Ramos, Leonor Leandro, Gladys Mbofung, D. L. Hyten, Stella K. Kantartzi, Robert L. Grier Iv, Victor N. Njiti, Khalid Meksem

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are susceptible to many diseases including fungal diseases such as soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS). Several studies reported SDS resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the soybean genome using different recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations and low density genetic linkage maps. High density exclusively single nucleotide polymorphisms-based (SNP-based) maps were not yet reported in soybean. The objectives of this study were (1) to construct a high density SNP-based genetic linkage map of soybean using the ‘PI438489B’ by ‘Hamilton’ (PIxH, n=50) recombinant inbred line population, and (2) to map QTL for SDS resistance using this …

Identification Of Positive Yield Qtl Alleles From Exotic Soybean Germplasm In Two Backcross Populations, K.-S. Kim, B. W. Diers, D. L. Hyten, M. A. Rouf Mian, J. G. Shannon, R. L. Nelson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Increasing seed yield is an important breeding goal of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] improvement efforts. Due to the small number of ancestors and subsequent breeding and selection, the genetic base of current soybean cultivars in North America is narrow. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) in two backcross populations developed using soybean plant introductions as donor parents. The first population included 116 BC₂F₃-derived lines developed using ‘‘Elgin’’ as the recurrent parent and PI 436684 as the donor parent (E population). The second population included 93 BC₃F …

Molecular Mapping Of Soybean Rust Resistance In Soybean Accession Pi 561356 And Snp Haplotype Analysis Of The Rpp1 Region In Diverse Germplasm, Ki-Seung Kim, Jair R. Unfried, D. L. Hyten, Reid D. Frederick, Glen L. Hartman, Randall L. Nelson, Qijian Song, Brian W. Diers

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow, is one of the most economically important and destructive diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and the discovery of novel SBR resistance genes is needed because of virulence diversity in the pathogen. The objectives of this research were to map SBR resistance in plant introduction (PI) 561356 and to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes within the region on soybean chromosome 18 where the SBR resistance gene Rpp1 maps. One-hundred F_2:3 lines derived from a cross between PI 561356 and the susceptible experimental line LD02-4485 were genotyped with genetic …

Advances In Genome Sequencing And Genotyping Technology For Soybean Diversity Analysis, David L. Hyten

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The completion of a soybean draft whole genome sequence along with advances in sequencing and genotyping technologies are creating a revolution in soybean genomics. The draft whole genome sequence of soybean is allowing researchers to fully take advantage of this new technology and is rapidly changing how soybean germ plasm is mined. Genetic markers such as SNPs can be quickly identified by using next generation sequencing and assayed on a large number of materials using advanced technologies that can genotype tens of thousands of markers on thousands of individuals very rapidly. This ability to qUickly identify and genotype genetic diversity …

Chapter 4 - Aquaria, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 5: Uses

Explore the contents of Bryophyte Ecology, Volume 5, Chapter 4 - Aquaria by clicking the link above. For the Contents section of this ebook, as well as Volumes 1 through 5, please visit the Bryophyte Ecology Main Page.

Use CTRL+F to easily search within PDF files.

Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Application Timing On Foliar Fungicide Efficacy On Sorghum In Nebraska, 2009, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide efficacy trial was established at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. Grain sorghum hybrid NC+ 7R83 was planted on 18 May in 30-in. rows with a target population of 90,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked with a crop history of five years of continuous corn. Eight treatments and a non-treated control were replicated six times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (10 ft) wide by 40 ft in length. . . . There were no significant differences in stay green. Stay green percentages ranged from …

Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis Of Saturated Fatty Acids In A Population Of Recombinant Inbred Lines Of Soybean, Xianzhi Wang, Guo-Liang Jiang, Marci Green, Roy A. Scott, D. L. Hyten, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop which contributes approximately 58% of the world’s oilseed production. Palmitic and stearic acids are the two main saturated fatty acids in soybean oil. Different levels of saturated fatty acids are desired depending on the uses of the soybean oil. Vegetable oil low in saturated fatty acids is preferred for human consumption, while for industrial applications, soybean oil with higher levels of saturated fatty acids is more suitable. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for saturated fatty acids, analyze the genetic effects of single QTL …

Structural Variants In The Soybean Genome Localize To Clusters Of Biotic Stress-Response Genes, Leah K. Mchale, William J. Haun, Wayne W. Xu, Pudota B. Bhaskar, Justin E. Anderson, D. L. Hyten, Daniel J. Gerhardt, Jeffrey A. Jeddeloh, Robert M. Stupar

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Genome-wide structural and gene content variations are hypothesized to drive important phenotypic variation within a species. Structural and gene content variations were assessed among four soybean (Glycine max) genotypes using array hybridization and targeted resequencing. Many chromosomes exhibited relatively low rates of structural variation (SV) among genotypes. However, several regions exhibited both copy number and presence-absence variation, the most prominent found on chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 16, and 18. Interestingly, the regions most enriched for SV were specifically localized to gene-rich regions that harbor clustered multigene families. The most abundant classes of gene families associated with these regions …

High-Resolution Mapping Of Open Chromatin In The Rice Genome, Wenli Zhang, Yufeng Wu, James C. Schnable, Zixian Zeng, Michael Freeling, Gregory E. Crawford, Jiming Jiang

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Gene expression is controlled by the complex interaction of transcription factors binding to promoters and other regulatory DNA elements. One common characteristic of the genomic regions associated with regulatory proteins is a pronounced sensitivity to DNase I digestion. We generated genome-wide high-resolution maps of DNase I hypersensitive (DH) sites from both seedling and callus tissues of rice (Oryza sativa). Approximately 25% of the DH sites from both tissues were found in putative promoters, indicating that the vast majority of the gene regulatory elements in rice are not located in promoter regions. We found 58% more DH sites in …