Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (54)
- Biology (47)
- Chemistry (28)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (17)
- Earth Sciences (16)
-
- Geology (14)
- Environmental Health (10)
- Food Science (10)
- Pharmacology (10)
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health (10)
- Toxicology (10)
- Biochemistry (9)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (9)
- Agriculture (8)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (7)
- Public Health (7)
- Microbiology (6)
- Environmental Sciences (4)
- Atmospheric Sciences (3)
- Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (3)
- Hydrology (2)
- Computer Sciences (1)
- Mathematics (1)
- Physics (1)
- Keyword
-
- Biological Sciences (107)
- Physical Sciences (62)
- Tanzania (21)
- Heavy metals (10)
- Mathematics and Computational Sciences (9)
-
- Maize (8)
- Diversity (7)
- Adsorption (6)
- Forest (6)
- Antibacterial activity (5)
- Phytochemicals (5)
- Rice (5)
- Conservation (4)
- Nutritional composition (4)
- Activated carbon (3)
- Antioxidant (3)
- Beans (3)
- Biodiversity (3)
- Cashew (3)
- Dar es Salaam (3)
- Medicinal plants (3)
- Toxicity (3)
- Vegetables (3)
- Aflatoxins (2)
- Anacardic acid (2)
- Anacardium occidentale (2)
- Anti-inflammatory (2)
- Antifungal (2)
- Antimicrobial activity (2)
- Biogas (2)
Articles 31 - 60 of 178
Full-Text Articles in Plant Biology
Impacts Of Dietary Chrysophyllum Albidum Fruit Pulp On Brain Cholinesterase Function In High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, Seun Funmilola Akomolafe, Sunday Idowu Oyeleye, Ifeoluwa Adebayo Odeniyi, Iyabo Folake Oladapo, Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi, Folake Lucy Oyetayo, Olubunmi Bolanle Ajayi
Impacts Of Dietary Chrysophyllum Albidum Fruit Pulp On Brain Cholinesterase Function In High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, Seun Funmilola Akomolafe, Sunday Idowu Oyeleye, Ifeoluwa Adebayo Odeniyi, Iyabo Folake Oladapo, Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi, Folake Lucy Oyetayo, Olubunmi Bolanle Ajayi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Epidemiologic studies have shown strong correlations between Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes mellitus. The exact mechanism through which this happens remains unclear. However, the dependence on glucose for brain function has been proposed as one possible mechanism. Hence, this study investigated the neuroprotective potential of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit pulp (CAPP) with hypoglycaemic properties in diabetic rats induced with high-fat diet/streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were grouped into seven units as follows: control, STZ-induced, STZ + metformin (positive control), STZ + 5% CAPP, STZ + 10% CAPP, control + 5% CAPP and control + 10% CAPP and each group was made up of …
Phytochemical Constituents, Haematological Activities And Gc-Ms Analysis Of Isolated Oil Of Rosary Pea (Abrus Precatorius) In Wistar Rat Fed With High Lipid Diet, Osaro Iyekowa, Opara V Ndubuisi
Phytochemical Constituents, Haematological Activities And Gc-Ms Analysis Of Isolated Oil Of Rosary Pea (Abrus Precatorius) In Wistar Rat Fed With High Lipid Diet, Osaro Iyekowa, Opara V Ndubuisi
Tanzania Journal of Science
The study is aimed at investigating the phytochemical constituents and haematological activities of the isolated oil in Wistar rat fed with high lipid diet. Powdered leaves of Abrus precatorious were extracted and phytochemical screening was done according to prescribed standard methods, while vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) was adopted for oil isolation of the crude extract and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly arranged into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) and treated under certain conditions. Haematological analyses were performed according to standard procedures. Saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides were present. …
Morphological Variabilities And Identification Of Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Genotypes From Major Growing Regions In Tanzania, Joseph I Massawe, Gladness E Temu
Morphological Variabilities And Identification Of Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Genotypes From Major Growing Regions In Tanzania, Joseph I Massawe, Gladness E Temu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a vegetatively propagated crop that belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae. In Tanzania, yam is mainly grown as a source of food and income generation, especially for smallholder farmers. In this study, an assessment of morphological variations among 74 genotypes of Dioscorea spp. collected from six major growing regions was conducted. Yam genotypes were maintained and planted at Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute-Kibaha for characterization. Data from fifty morphological variables were subjected to multivariate analysis using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The first nine principal components with Eigenvalues > 1 accounted for 86.28% of the total variations. Some …
Application Of Mobilenets Convolutional Neural Network Model In Detecting Tomato Late Blight Disease, Richard C Rajabu, Juma S Ally, Jamal F Banzi
Application Of Mobilenets Convolutional Neural Network Model In Detecting Tomato Late Blight Disease, Richard C Rajabu, Juma S Ally, Jamal F Banzi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Late blight (LB) disease causes significant annual losses in tomato production. Early identification of this disease is crucial in halting its severity. This study aimed to leverage the strength of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in automated prediction of tomato LB. Through transfer learning, the MobileNetV3 model was trained on high-quality, well-labeled images from Kaggle datasets. The trained model was tested on different images of healthy and infected leaves taken from different real-world locations in Mbeya, Arusha, and Morogoro. Test results demonstrated the model's success in identifying LB disease, with an accuracy of 81% and a precision of 76%. The trained …
Phytochemical Investigation, Anti-Inflammatory And Analgesic Activities Of Ethyl Acetate Extract Of Pride Of Barbados Pod (Caesalpinia Pulcherrima), Osahon K. Ogbeide, Efosa D. Omono, Precious O Ehizojie, Anthony E. Aiwonegbe, Jeremiah O. Uadia
Phytochemical Investigation, Anti-Inflammatory And Analgesic Activities Of Ethyl Acetate Extract Of Pride Of Barbados Pod (Caesalpinia Pulcherrima), Osahon K. Ogbeide, Efosa D. Omono, Precious O Ehizojie, Anthony E. Aiwonegbe, Jeremiah O. Uadia
Tanzania Journal of Science
Pride of Barbados is a therapeutic herb which has wide traditional applications in the treatments and management of diverse ailments. Diseases pose great threats to human race. This research was aimed at evaluating the phytochemicals, proximate composition, acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of the pod extract of Pride of Barbados in order to provide a scientific validation for its use as a therapeutic herb. All analyses were carried out using already established methods; the antioxidant potential was examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, while the formalin-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced writhing techniques were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory …
Anxiolytic Effects, Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of The Methanol Extract Of Jatropha Tanjorensis Leaf, Anthony E. Aiwonegbe, Uwaila Omoruyi, Osahon K. Ogbeide, Blessing O. Imoukhuede, Benjamin O. Gabrielsson
Anxiolytic Effects, Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of The Methanol Extract Of Jatropha Tanjorensis Leaf, Anthony E. Aiwonegbe, Uwaila Omoruyi, Osahon K. Ogbeide, Blessing O. Imoukhuede, Benjamin O. Gabrielsson
Tanzania Journal of Science
The methanol leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis was analyzed for its bioactive components, in-vitro antioxidant, antidepressant, anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory activities using established methods. The phytochemicals detected were saponins, tannins, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids and eugenols. The total phenolic content (TPC) was 36.48 mgGAE/g, while the total flavonoid content (TFC) was 145.92 mgQE/g of the extract. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity gave an IC50 of 185.02 and 5.15 µg/mL for the extract and ascorbic acid (standard), respectively. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 5000 mg/kg, while graded doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the plant extract …
Mineralogy And Geochemistry Of The Asanje Iron Ore Deposit Within The Mayamaya-Hombolo Belt, Dodoma Region, Central Tanzania, Yusto J. Shine, Michael M. Msabi, Jagarlamudi Seetharamaiah
Mineralogy And Geochemistry Of The Asanje Iron Ore Deposit Within The Mayamaya-Hombolo Belt, Dodoma Region, Central Tanzania, Yusto J. Shine, Michael M. Msabi, Jagarlamudi Seetharamaiah
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper presents the mineralogy and chemical composition including iron ore impurities to ascertain its suitability for industrial applications. The Asanje iron ore deposit is hosted in Precambrian volcano-sedimentary rocks in the Mayamaya-Hombolo Belt in Dodoma region, within the Lake Nyanza Superterrane. Iron ores are found in two parallel ridges trending NW-SE. Ridge I occurs as vein and banded hematite-type ore and Ridge II as massive-type ore. A total of 24 ore samples were analysed for major and trace elements by XRF and petrographic studies by optical microscopy and XRD. The XRD results revealed that hematite and goethite are the …
The Reconstruction Of The Late Pleistocene And Holocene Vegetation Dynamics In Lake Eyasi Basin, Northern Tanzania, Pastory M. Bushozi, Cassian T. Mumbi, Veronica M. Muiruri, Musa S. Mwitondi
The Reconstruction Of The Late Pleistocene And Holocene Vegetation Dynamics In Lake Eyasi Basin, Northern Tanzania, Pastory M. Bushozi, Cassian T. Mumbi, Veronica M. Muiruri, Musa S. Mwitondi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Lake Eyasi Basin of northern Tanzania plays a pivotal role in the study of human-environment interactions and in understanding human flexibility and adaptability through technological innovations over time and space. In this study, phytoliths from ancient soils and fossil pollen proxies from radiocarbon-dated sequences from Kisimangeda on the north-eastern edge of the Lake Eyasi Basin, are used to interpret trends in climatic changes recorded since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present. We used pollen and phytolith abundances from a core that was recovered on the northern margin of saline Lake Eyasi at the depth of five metres. The …
Identification And Larvicidal Efficacy Of Mosquito-Repelling Plants Used In Malaria Vector Control In South-East Benin, Camille O Tante, Armel Djenontin, Saïd Chitou, Wilfried Sewade, Pierre Agbani, Martin Akogbeto, Daniel C Chougourou
Identification And Larvicidal Efficacy Of Mosquito-Repelling Plants Used In Malaria Vector Control In South-East Benin, Camille O Tante, Armel Djenontin, Saïd Chitou, Wilfried Sewade, Pierre Agbani, Martin Akogbeto, Daniel C Chougourou
Tanzania Journal of Science
After identifying issues posed by some synthetic insecticides, the scientific community is now looking for other natural products with insecticidal and/or insect repellent characteristics. This study aimed to identify the plants of the Beninese flora known for their insecticidal and/or insect repellent effects and the indigenous techniques of their use and to evaluate the combined efficacy of extracts of a few on mosquito larvae for the control of malaria vectors in the South-East of Benin. A survey was conducted and the insecticidal effects of three combinations made from Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon nardus and Hyptis suaveolens oils on Anopheles gambiae larvae …
Avian Use Of Habitat Patches Dominated By Exotic Leucaena Leucocephala Or Native Tree Species In Urban Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Chacha Werema, Charles Wilson
Avian Use Of Habitat Patches Dominated By Exotic Leucaena Leucocephala Or Native Tree Species In Urban Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Chacha Werema, Charles Wilson
Tanzania Journal of Science
There has been an incursion of an exotic Leucaena leucocephala in disturbed areas and into habitat patches of native tree species in some areas in Tanzania. However, the impacts of this exotic tree on native biodiversity are not well understood. We assessed bird use of habitat patches dominated by L. leucocephala in comparison to patches of native tree species at the University of Dar es Salaam main campus, Tanzania, by comparing bird species richness, abundance and diversity using mist netting. Based on the same mist netting efforts in each habitat patch type, patches of native trees had significantly higher overall …
Effects Of Feed Moisture Content, Soybean Ratio And Barrel Temperature On Physical And Functional Properties Of Extruded Maize-Soybean Flour Blends, Robert Mugabi, Stellah Byakika, Ivan Muzira Mukisa
Effects Of Feed Moisture Content, Soybean Ratio And Barrel Temperature On Physical And Functional Properties Of Extruded Maize-Soybean Flour Blends, Robert Mugabi, Stellah Byakika, Ivan Muzira Mukisa
Tanzania Journal of Science
The effects moisture content, temperature and soybean ratio on expanded product characteristics of extruded maize-soybean blends were studied. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of extrusion conditions on extrudate properties taking barrel temperature (BT), feed moisture content (FM) and soybean flour ratio (SR) as factors. Expansion ratio (ER), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), hardness and colour (b* - (+) yellowness) of the extrudates were determined. BT and FM had significant effects on ER (p < 0.05). At low FM levels, ER increased with BT. It was observed that both FM and BT significantly affected WAI and WSI. WAI increased as FM increased. Increasing FM to 20% resulted in a decrease in WSI, beyond which an increase was observed. Hardness increased significantly as feed moisture content increased. High SR content significantly increased the extrudate hardness. FM had no significant effect on colour. Colour increased as the SR and BT increased. Significant regression models explained the effects of SR, FM, and BT on all response variables. All of the response variables' R2, were higher than 0.89. Keywords: Maize, Soybean, moisture content, extrusion
Effects Of Biochar On Soil Fertility And Crop Yields: Experience From The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Peter M. Rogers, Pius Z. Yanda, Noah M. Pauline, Simon Haikola, Anders Hansson, Mathias Fridahl
Effects Of Biochar On Soil Fertility And Crop Yields: Experience From The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Peter M. Rogers, Pius Z. Yanda, Noah M. Pauline, Simon Haikola, Anders Hansson, Mathias Fridahl
Tanzania Journal of Science
The world’s agricultural production is declining due to severe loss of soil fertility through natural processes or because of human activities. Biochar has been identified as a potential soil amendment to regain its fertility and increase crop productivity. This study aimed to assess the effects of biochar on soil nutrients and crop yields in the southern highlands of Tanzania. Data were collected through key informant and household interviews, and from sampling of soils in coffee farms where biochar of maize cobs origin was incorporated at the rate of 3 t ha-1. Purposive sampling approach was deployed to identify the villages …
Comparison On Vegetation Composition And Structure In Fire Prone Forest Of Ilunde And Fire Suppressed Forest Of Kitwe In Tanzania, Nyatwere D Mganga
Comparison On Vegetation Composition And Structure In Fire Prone Forest Of Ilunde And Fire Suppressed Forest Of Kitwe In Tanzania, Nyatwere D Mganga
Tanzania Journal of Science
Fire is among the factors influencing survival and development of plants in ecosystems. This study was conducted in frequently burnt and fire suppressed miombo woodlands of Ilunde and Kitwe, respectively. Tree stem density, basal area and composition of plants were determined. The methods used involved recording the numbers of tree stems, diameter at breast height and classifying vegetation to species level. In Kitwe forest, mean stem density of 582.7 ± 52.90 stems ha– was higher than 356.8 ± 38.98 stems ha– which was recorded in Ilunde forest (t = 15.98, df = 29, p < 0.05). Similarly, a higher mean tree basal area of 16.14 ± 1.32 m2 ha– was recorded in Kitwe forest, while 8.54 ± 0.94 m2 ha– being recorded in Ilunde forest (t = 3.34, df = 14, p < 0.05). Czekanowski’s similarity coefficients for trees, shrubs and saplings, and herbs and grasses were 0.46, 0.34 and 0.22, respectively. Fire adapted species were recorded in Ilunde forest. Fire prone miombo woodland had lower tree stem density, basal area and dominated by fire adapted species. Similarity coefficient between the two forests was also low. Prescribed burning is recommended in miombo woodlands for sustainable species composition and tree structure. Keywords: vegetation; composition, structure, fire prone, miombo
Chemical Constituents And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Selected Aloe Vera Branded Commercial Products In Tanzania, Stephen S Nyandoro, Bahati F Kyando, Joan Je Munissi
Chemical Constituents And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Selected Aloe Vera Branded Commercial Products In Tanzania, Stephen S Nyandoro, Bahati F Kyando, Joan Je Munissi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of twenty-two Aloe vera branded commercial products in Tanzania, a case of marketed soaps, creams, lotions, petroleum jelly, toothpastes and hair conditioner products in Dar es Salaam, were investigated. Chemical compositions were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) whereas antimicrobial activities were evaluated using agar dilution method against four bacteria species, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoneae and Salmonella typhi) and two fungal species Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of seven non-polar constituents, namely methyl palmitate, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, methyl stearate, tetratetracontane, hexacosane, and pentacosane and methyl …
Influence Of Roasting On The Proximate, Functional And Sensory Properties Of Jackfruit Seeds And Amaranth Grain Composite Complementary Flours, Agnes Nabubuya, Robert Mugabi, Abraham Kaggwa, Paddy Ainebyona, Rukia Nalugya
Influence Of Roasting On The Proximate, Functional And Sensory Properties Of Jackfruit Seeds And Amaranth Grain Composite Complementary Flours, Agnes Nabubuya, Robert Mugabi, Abraham Kaggwa, Paddy Ainebyona, Rukia Nalugya
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study evaluated the effects of roasting on jackfruit seeds (JFS) and amaranth grain composite complementary flours. Eleven formulations were used for the study. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, crude ash and carbohydrate contents varied from 6.5 to 8.7%, 10.66 to 20.9%, 0.93 to 5.98%, 4.46 to 10.2%, 2.6 to 3.76% and 51.3 to 71.7%, respectively. The water absorption capacity (WAC), water solubility index (WSI), oil absorption capacity, swelling power (SP) and bulk density (BD) ranged from 238.9 to 360.5%, 3.9 to 12%, 107.4 to 200.6%, 13.3 to 45.9%, and 0.5 to 0.7 g/mL, respectively. Increasing amaranth …
Evaluation Of Pasting Properties Of Plantain, Cooking Banana, Selected Cereals And Their Composites As Indicators For Their Food Values, Wasiu B. Agbaje, Oluseye O. Abiona, Shola H. Awojide, Luqman A. Azeez, Adeniyi S. Tayo
Evaluation Of Pasting Properties Of Plantain, Cooking Banana, Selected Cereals And Their Composites As Indicators For Their Food Values, Wasiu B. Agbaje, Oluseye O. Abiona, Shola H. Awojide, Luqman A. Azeez, Adeniyi S. Tayo
Tanzania Journal of Science
The pasting properties of unripe plantain, unripe cooking banana, some selected cereals and their composite flours were investigated in relation to their food values. Each of the samples was cleaned, air–dried and pulverized to form the native flours which were mixed in different proportions to form the composite flours. Soft doughs were prepared from the flours and subjected to textural evaluation. The adjudged best from each set was analysed using Rapid Visco–Analyser followed by determination of their proximate composition and functional properties. The results showed that the breakdown viscosity (cP) of each of the composite flours was less than 920.50 …
Effects Of Neem Aqueous Extract (Azadirachta Indica) Against Aphids And Aphid-Borne Virus In Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp), Kehinde T. Kareem, Rachael B. Olayinka, Juliana A. Ugwu, Olubusola F. Oduwaye
Effects Of Neem Aqueous Extract (Azadirachta Indica) Against Aphids And Aphid-Borne Virus In Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp), Kehinde T. Kareem, Rachael B. Olayinka, Juliana A. Ugwu, Olubusola F. Oduwaye
Tanzania Journal of Science
Pests and diseases are among the major factors limiting plant growth and yields. Pests are known vectors of pathogens including viruses. Proper management of plant pests is an indirect means of controlling viral diseases in plants. This study aimed at comparing the potential of neem extract and a synthetic insecticide (lambda cyhalothrin) for the management of aphids and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in five different cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes and to determine the residual effects of the insecticide in the cowpea grains. The experimental field was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments included; spraying …
Effects Of Ripeness And Blending Speed On The Extraction Yield And Physical Chemical Properties Of Low Viscosity Banana Juice, Oscar Kibazohi, Victor V Matabura
Effects Of Ripeness And Blending Speed On The Extraction Yield And Physical Chemical Properties Of Low Viscosity Banana Juice, Oscar Kibazohi, Victor V Matabura
Tanzania Journal of Science
Low viscosity banana juice can be extracted from banana by blending and pressing the resulted semi-solid pulp to separate the juice. This juice extraction technology is relatively new and further studies to understand key parameters for juice release is vital for scaling up production and commercialisation. This study, investigated the influence of blending speed and ripeness stage on banana juice yield using two banana cultivars; the East African highland banana (Mbile) and the exotic banana (Pisang awak). Types of sugars and organic acids in the juice were analysed using an HPLC. Changes with ripening of fruit firmness, juice pH and …
Physico-Chemical Properties Of Mechanically Extracted Banana Juice At Different Ripening Stages, Mathayo G Mathias, Lilian D Kaale, Oscar Kibazohi
Physico-Chemical Properties Of Mechanically Extracted Banana Juice At Different Ripening Stages, Mathayo G Mathias, Lilian D Kaale, Oscar Kibazohi
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper presents the findings of a study on physico-chemical properties of low viscosity banana juice from five banana cultivars: Pisang Awak (PSA) an ABB genome, Yangambi km5 (YKM5) an AAA genome and cultivars from AAA-EA genome, namely Mbilabile, Ndeshi and Mlonga. Low viscosity banana juice was extracted using improved mechanical method at five ripening stages. The physico-chemical properties significantly varied according to cultivars and ripening stages (p < 0.05). Yields, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and pH were in the range of 19.50–74.03%, 7.33–27.64 ºBrix, 0.37–0.76% malic acid equivalent and 4.09–4.70, respectively. Yields decreased in the order of Mbilabile > Ndeshi > Mlonga > YKM5 > PSA whereas the total soluble solids increased as follows Mlonga < Mbilabile < Ndeshi < YKM5 < PSA. Furthermore, ashes and mineral contents decreased with ripening stages whereas the low viscosity banana juice was rich in potassium and magnesium. Finally, the study recommends stage 5 of the ripeness as ideal for producing low viscosity banana juice. Keywords: Mechanical extraction, Banana cultivar, Ripening stage, Tannin, Banana juice.
Application Of F-Waspas In The Ranking Of Crops For Agro-Processing: The Case Of Ikondo Ward In Njombe, Tanzania, Benito G Mng'ong'o, David Koloseni
Application Of F-Waspas In The Ranking Of Crops For Agro-Processing: The Case Of Ikondo Ward In Njombe, Tanzania, Benito G Mng'ong'o, David Koloseni
Tanzania Journal of Science
The purpose of this work was to develop and apply a Fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (F-WASPAS) method in ranking selected crops for agro-processing at Ikondo Ward in Njombe Region, Tanzania. The fuzzy technique for order preferences by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was applied in determining the fuzzy importance weights of criteria, while the fuzzy WASPAS successfully ranked the crops, and maize was ranked the highest. Keywords: F-WASPAS, Linguistic variables, Fuzzy aggregation, Agro-processing, Decision making, Multi-Criteria Decision Making.
Identification And Characterization Of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses In Non-Crop Plants From Unguja And Pemba Islands, Joseph A. Mwakosya, Gladness E. Temu, Joseph C. Ndunguru
Identification And Characterization Of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses In Non-Crop Plants From Unguja And Pemba Islands, Joseph A. Mwakosya, Gladness E. Temu, Joseph C. Ndunguru
Tanzania Journal of Science
Cassava mosaic disease caused by cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs) remains one of themajor constraints to cassava production since it causes yield losses up to 100%. Researchesshowed that some of CMBs infecting cassava plants may be coming from non-crop plants. Thisstudy intended to identify and characterize CMBs isolated from non-crop plant species inUnguja and Pemba Islands. A total of 108 viral symptomatic and asymptomatic non-crop leafsamples were collected using stratified sampling. DNA was extracted by using CTAB protocolfollowed by polymerase chain reaction using universal and specific primers for cassava mosaicbegomoviruses identification. Results showed that, among eleven samples that were amplified,four were …
Mathematical Characterization Of Biological Control Of Cassava Pests Model, Yidiat O. Aderinto, Faith O. Ibiwoye, Michael O. Oke, Folashade M. Jimoh
Mathematical Characterization Of Biological Control Of Cassava Pests Model, Yidiat O. Aderinto, Faith O. Ibiwoye, Michael O. Oke, Folashade M. Jimoh
Tanzania Journal of Science
Pests are major constraints to the effective growth and development of every crop through their damage, and can be controlled effectively by the use of their natural enemies which is referred to as the biological pest control. In this study, the biological control model of cassava pests through optimal control theory was presented in order to minimize the population of the pests and stabilize the natural enemies population so as not to affect the crop negatively. A mathematical model was formulated via the Lotka-Volterra model, and the model was characterized. The optimality system was established, the equilibrium point with its …
Comparison Of Nutritional And Anti-Nutritional Qualities Of Grewia Forbesii Hav. Ex Mast And Grewia Bicolor Juss Fruits From Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve In Iringa District, Vendeline E. Tairo
Comparison Of Nutritional And Anti-Nutritional Qualities Of Grewia Forbesii Hav. Ex Mast And Grewia Bicolor Juss Fruits From Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve In Iringa District, Vendeline E. Tairo
Tanzania Journal of Science
The Grewia forbesii and Grewia bicolor fruits were collected from Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve and were analysed for proximate, nutrients and anti-nutrients compositions. Results showed low moisture contents in G. forbesii and G. bicolor amounting to 14.14 and 13.98 percent, respectively. Crude fibre percent was slightly higher in G. bicolor (33.15%) than G. forbesii (31.95%). Lipid content was slightly higher in G. bicolor (1.37%) compared to G. forbesii (1.28%). The crude protein content of G. forbesii (7.44%) was slightly higher than G. bicolor (7.00%). Total carbohydrate content of G. forbesii (68.9%) was higher than that of G. bicolor (70%). Mineral analysis …
Impacts Of Wood Fuel Uses On Forest Cover: The Case Of Semiarid Areas In Northern Tanzania, Debora J Mahushi, Revocatus L Machunda, Talam E Kibona
Impacts Of Wood Fuel Uses On Forest Cover: The Case Of Semiarid Areas In Northern Tanzania, Debora J Mahushi, Revocatus L Machunda, Talam E Kibona
Tanzania Journal of Science
Satellite images for the years 1987, 1997, 2002 and 2017, and questionnaire surveys were used to assess energy sources and demands as well as the impacts of wood fuel use to forest cover changes in Meru and Mwanga Districts. The major energy sources identified include cow dung cake, firewood, charcoal, liquefied petroleum gas and biogas. The total energy demands from these sources were 1400 (in Meru), 6289, 724 and 21 kg per day, respectively. The amount of biogas was not quantified since the reactors were constructed locally with no reading meter. Analysis from Landsat images showed variations in forest cover. …
Nutritional Composition, Sensory Profile And Consumer Acceptability Of Wheat-Jackfruit Seed Composite Buns, Sarah S Ngwere, Richard J Mongi
Nutritional Composition, Sensory Profile And Consumer Acceptability Of Wheat-Jackfruit Seed Composite Buns, Sarah S Ngwere, Richard J Mongi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Jackfruit seeds flour is very rich in nutrients and may be incorporated into wheat flour to develop nutrient dense baked products. Consumption of these products may improve the nutrition status of the people, hence fulfill sustainable development goal number two. In this study, nutritional composition, sensory profile, and consumer acceptability of wheat-jackfruit seeds composite buns (Mandazi) were investigated. Jackfruit seeds flour (JSF) was developed and incorporated into wheat flour (WF) at 10, 20, and 30% to produce composite flour used for bun preparation. Flours and buns were subjected to proximate, mineral, and sensory analyses with WF serving as a control …
A Susceptible Exposed Infected Recovered Susceptible (Seirs) Model For The Transmission Of Tuberculosis, Latifat M Erinle-Ibrahim, Waheed O Lawal, Olukayode Adebimpe, Gbemisola R Sontan
A Susceptible Exposed Infected Recovered Susceptible (Seirs) Model For The Transmission Of Tuberculosis, Latifat M Erinle-Ibrahim, Waheed O Lawal, Olukayode Adebimpe, Gbemisola R Sontan
Tanzania Journal of Science
In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model was proposed and analyzed to understand the dynamics of tuberculosis based on the SEIRS model. The disease-free equilibrium, the endemic equilibrium, and their stabilities were examined. The R0 (basic reproduction number) was derived using the Next Generation Matrix method and its sensitivity analysis showed that the birth rate and infectious rate were the most sensitive parameters of R0. The behaviour of exposed individuals at the latent period with varied treatment rates were examined through numerical simulation. From the analysis carried out, the effect of variations of the treatments of latent TB shows that …
Antimicrobial Activities Of Endophytic Fungal Crude Extracts Isolated From Cashew Tree (Anacardium Occidentale), Nana Amiri, Donatha D Tibuhwa
Antimicrobial Activities Of Endophytic Fungal Crude Extracts Isolated From Cashew Tree (Anacardium Occidentale), Nana Amiri, Donatha D Tibuhwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study presents the antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungal crude extracts isolated from leaves, stems and roots of cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale) which showed disease symptoms and those resistant from Fusarium wilt in Mtwara region. Sections of the cashew trees were made and cultured to isolate endophytes. Eight endophytes were isolated and characterized by using morphological and molecular markers. Neopestalotiopsis, Penicillium, Lasidioplodia and Daldinia sp isolated from resistant tree and Auxarthron and Aspergillus sp from diseased tree. Antimicrobial activities of the isolated endophytic fungal crude extracts were done against pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and three human pathogens namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia …
Mathematical Programming Model For The Two-Level Facility Location Problem: The Case Of Tanzanian Emergence Maize Distribution Network For 2004–2010 Maize Data, Said A. Sima
Tanzania Journal of Science
A two-level facility location problem (FLP) has been studied in the transportation network of emergence maize crop in Tanzania. The facility location problem is defined as the optimal location of facilities or resources so as to minimize costs in terms of money, time, distance and risks with the relation to supply and demand points. Distribution network design problems consist of determining the best way to transfer goods from the supply to the demand points by choosing the structure of the network such that the overall cost is minimized. The three layers, namely production centres (PCs), distribution centres (DCs) and customer …
Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activities Of Tanzanian Moringa Oleifera Extracts Against Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Pneumonia Clinical Isolates, Sartaz Begum, Jenipher S. Asenga, Valence M.K. Ndesendo, Baraka L. Ngingo
Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activities Of Tanzanian Moringa Oleifera Extracts Against Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Pneumonia Clinical Isolates, Sartaz Begum, Jenipher S. Asenga, Valence M.K. Ndesendo, Baraka L. Ngingo
Tanzania Journal of Science
In vitro antibacterial activities of methanolic leaf and seed extracts of Moringa oleifera grown in Dodoma, Tanzania were evaluated using standard microdilution and disc diffusion methods against extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Microdilution method showed no activity at concentration of 20 mg/mL for all the extracts except leaf extract which exhibited minimum inhibition at concentration of 2.5 µg/mL for E. Coli but when high concentrations of the extracts were used in the disc diffusion method then the results exhibited the highest killing susceptibility at concentration of 0.4 g/mL with zone of inhibition …
Insecticidal Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Five Nigerian Aromatic Spices Against Garden Eggplant Defoliators And Fruit Borer Leucinodes Orbonalis Guenee: Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Juliana A. Ugwu, Kehinde T. Kareem, Julius O. Aluko
Insecticidal Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Five Nigerian Aromatic Spices Against Garden Eggplant Defoliators And Fruit Borer Leucinodes Orbonalis Guenee: Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Juliana A. Ugwu, Kehinde T. Kareem, Julius O. Aluko
Tanzania Journal of Science
The study evaluated the prospects of aqueous extracts of five Nigerian spices against garden eggplant defoliators and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) in the field. The treatments consisted of Piper guineense (black pepper), Aframomum melegueta (aligator pepper), Eugenia aromatica (cloves), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Capsicum annum (chilli pepper) and untreated check (control). All the aqueous extracts evaluated reduced leaf damaged by defoliators on garden eggplant compared to control. P. guineense, with mean value of 11.02 number of perforations, was the most effective against defoliators, followed by E. aromatica (12.97) reducing leaf damage by 39.64 and 28.74%, respectively. However, their efficacies against defoliating …