Other Plant Sciences Commons^™

Antibiotic Use In Animal Production: Environmental Concerns, Teshome H. Regassa, Richard K. Koelsch, Charles S. Wortmann, Richard F. Randle, Akwasi A. Abunyewa

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Introduction

Antibiotic1 use in animal production has led to improved feed use efficiency and increased growth rates. In turn, these resulted in reduced food production costs and reduced excrement of manure nutrients which may cause pollution problems.

On the other hand, antibiotic use leads to antibiotic resistance and a possible reduction in effectiveness of treatment options for both animals and humans. This publication addresses these issues.

Disease-causing microorganisms2, including bacteria,are the most diverse and numerous organisms on earth. Diverse in their habitat, environmental adaptation, and mechanisms of reproduction, they have short generations with high multiplication rates. Such characteristics help develop …

A High-Oleic-Acid And Low-Palmitic-Acid Soybean: Agronomic Performance And Evaluation As A Feedstock For Biodiesel, George L. Graef, Bradley J. Lavallee, Patrick Tenopir, Mustafa Tat, Bruce Schweiger, Anthony J. Kinney, Jon H. Van Gerpen, Thomas E. Clemente

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Phenotypic characterization of soybean event 335-13, which possesses oil with an increased oleic acid content (> 85%) and reduced palmitic acid content (< 5%), was conducted across multiple environments during 2004 and 2005. Under these conditions, the stability of the novel fatty acid profile of the oil was not influenced by environment. Importantly, the novel soybean event 335-13 was not compromised in yield in both irrigated and non-irrigated production schemes. Moreover, seed characteristics, including total oil and protein, as well as amino acid profile, were not altered as a result of the large shift in the fatty acid profile. The novel oil trait was inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion. The event 335-13 was also evaluated as a feedstock for biodiesel. Extruded oil from event 335-13 produced a biodiesel with improved cold flow and enhanced oxidative stability, two critical fuel parameters that can limit the utility of this renewable transportation fuel.

Nebline, Nov./Dec. 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Make a Difference: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
2008 Crop Year in Review
Preserve Grain Quality with Aeration Management
Estimating Corn Drydown Time
It’s Not Easy Being Green During Nebraska’s Winters
Put on an Extra Blanket (Winter Mulching)
Avoid Stacking Firewood Next to House
The Keys to a Perfect Thanksgiving Meal
$tretch Your Food Dollar During the Holiday Season
Healthy Eating: Easy as Pie—Turkey Pot Pie
Family & Community Education (FCE) Clubs: Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
FCE News & Events
Household Hints: Keep Kitchen and Bathroom Clean During Guest Season
Skip the “Humbug!” 10 Tips to Relieve Holiday Stress
Housecleaning Ergonomics: How to …

Nebline, October 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Introducing the Nebraska 4-H Diamond Clover Program
How to Reduce Energy Cost for Grain Drying
Use Season-Long Records to Assess Pumping Plant Performance
Proper Care of Pumpkins and Gourds Means Use Beyond Halloween Decor
Fall Planting
Poinsettia
Deer Damage
Compost Excellent Tool to Correct Soil Erosion
Cleaning the Kitchen Cupboard: Toss or Save?
$tretch Your Food Dollar with “Healthy Treats” (No Tricks)
Healthy Eating: Homemade Whole Grain Croutons
Family & Community Education (FCE) Clubs: Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
FCE News & Events
Household Hints: Compact Fluorescent Bulbs
Protect Credit Ratings With Proper Debt Management
Make a Cornucopia from the Garden
10 …

Nebline, September 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Establishing and Maintaining Lawns in Low Light
Fending Off Asian Lady Beetles
UNL Water Web Site
Landscaping for Energy
Planting Balled and Burlapped Plants
Planting Peonies
Well Abandonments
The Mothball Mishap and Other Thoughtless Ways to Misuse Pesticides
The Truth about Hedge Apples
Kids Are Back in School and So Are Head Lice
Freezing Sandwiches
Family & Community Education (FCE) Clubs: Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
FCE News & Events
Household Hints: Clean oven and BBQ mitts
Parenting Athletes to be Good Sports
Great Fans. Great Sports. Sportsmanship Checklist
Controlling Winter Annual Grasses in Pastures
Fall Is a Good Time to Control …

Nebline, August 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

4-H’ers Develop Leadership Skills at Lancaster County Fair
Plant Alfalfa in August
How to Minimize Losses When Storing Hay Outside
Buffer pH Indicates Amount of Lime to Add to Acid Soil
Two-Spotted Spider Mites
Seeding New Cool Season Turfgrass
Slow-Release Fertilizers
Why Do Petunias Do That?
Converting Outdoor Flowers to House Plants for Winter
Fruit and Veggie “Bites”
$tretch Your Food Dollar by Eating More Fruits and Vegetables!
Healthy Eating: Pasta Frittata with Tomatoes
Family & Community Education (FCE) Clubs: Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
FCE News & Events
FCE Sizzling Summer Sampler a Success
Boost Your Child’s Brain Power
Household Hints: …

Nebline, July 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Homemade Skillet Meals: Easy, Healthy & Low-Cost
Create Your Own Skillet Meal
Colorful Annual Vines
Watch out for Poison Ivy
Summer Pruning of Apple Trees
Keep the Vegetables Coming with a Fall Garden
Cost of Pumping Water for Domestic and Acreage Needs
Managing Financial Risk During Boom Periods
Plan the Timing of Grass Hay Harvest
Midges: Non-biting Gnats
Midge Control Program at Capitol Beach
Bats In and Around Structures
Bats and Disease
Supermarket Savings: 16 Tips that Can Total Big Bucks
Family & Community Education (FCE) Clubs: Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
FCE News & Events
Household Hints: Swimsuit Care
Strengthening Family …

Sheep Updates 2008 - Part 2, Meredith L. Sheil, Di Evans, Brown Besier, Tim Scanlon, Andre Martinho De Almeida, Johan Greeff, Tanya Kilminster, John Milton, Chris Oldham, B. L. Mcintyre, Alison Wheatley, John Lucey, Fiona Jones, Nick Costa, Ed Riggall, J. R. L. Hall, Robin Jacob, Dave Pethick, Dave Hopkins, Graham Gardner

Sheep Updates

This session covers eleven papers from different authors: The Sheep Room 1. Analgesia for Surgical Husbandry Procedures in Sheep and Other Livestock, Dr Meredith L. Sheil, Animal Ethics Pty Ltd, Associate Sydney University Faculty of Veterinary Science The Wool Enterprise 2. Unmulsed sheep - implications for chemical use, Di Evans & Brown Besier, Department of Agriculture and Food WA 3. Are Damara and Dorper sheep better adapted than Merinos to nutritional stress? - Growth rates, Tim Scanlon1, Andre Martinho de Almeida2, Johan Greeff1, Tanya Kilminster1, John Milton3, Chris Oldham1, Department of Agriculture and Food WA1, Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica Tropical, …

Nebline, June 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Local Dairy Entrepreneurs Are Filling Market Niches
Effect of Fuel Price Increase on Production Costs
Calibrating Hand-Held Sprayers
Practice Water Conservation to Lengthen Septic System Life
Don’t Mistake Blossom End Rot for Mold on Tomatoes
Control of Biting Flies
Add “Star” Appeal to Fruit Dishes
Fresh Food, Fun, Friendly People: Farmers’ Markets
$tretch Your Food Dollar by Using Dry Milk
Frozen Fudge Bars Recipe
Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
Household Hints: Go Green—Clean with Vinegar
FCE News & Events
June is Home Safety Month— Tips for creating a safer home
Youth Can Explore Career Options at Big Red Camps
Emerging Pest: Emerald …

Nebline, May 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

The Ants Go Marching...
What’s Good About Ants?
Pond Measurements
Establishing a Commercial Vineyard
Tips For Handling Pesticides Safely
It’s Spring: Watch for Signs of Termites
Everything Homeowners Need to Know About Termite Control
Reduce Your Risk of Rabies Exposure
Rabies Symptoms
Put Your Hummingbird Feeders Out Now
$tretch Your Food Dollar by Buying Fruits and Vegetables in Season
Orange Pork Chops Recipe
Basic Foods for Cupboard, Fridge & Freezer: Create Your Own List!
Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
Household Hints: Many uses for Baking Soda
FCE News & Events
Clean Up of Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs
It’s About Time (Management)
Strengthening …

Nebline, April 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Proper Yard Waste Management
Helps Reduce Storm Water Pollution
Rental Arrangements Changing with the Times Part 2 — Flexible Cash Leases
Establishing a Commercial Vineyard
The Stately American Elm
Glossy Plant Ads
Spraying For Weeds May Also Damage Other Plants
Thank You Master Gardeners!
Planning to Plant a Tree for Arbor Day? Read This First!
Controlling Fleas
Everything Homeowners Need to Know About Termite Control
UNL Termite Researcher Needs Infested House!
Managing Deer Damage
Household Hazardous Waste Collections
Name That Food!
Country Style Potato Salad Recipe
$tretch Your Food Dollar With These 10 Money $aving $trategies
What Counts as a …

Adding Value To Swine Manure Through Accurate Prediction Of Organic Nitrogen Availability, Charles S. Wortman, Charles Shapiro, Aaron Nygren

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Animal manure contains organic and inorganic nitrogen. The inorganic N, which is mostly ammonium-N but nitrate-N can be significant in composted manure, is typically considered to be 100% plant available if there are not significant losses, especially due to volatilization of ammonia-N. The availability of organic N, which is mostly from undigested and partially digested plant material needs to be mineralized to become plant available, is less predictable. Field research was conducted in eastern Nebraska to improve the basis for estimating organic N availability from injected or incorporated swine manure and from surface applied composted and stockpiled FM. The factors …

Nebline, March 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Eat Smart: How to Fill Up, Not Out!
Foods Which Help You Feel Full
Portion Control Tips
East Campus Walking Tour
All-America Selections for 2008
Easter Lily Care
Colony Collapse Disorder: Recent Loss of Hives a Mystery
Beginning Beekeeping 2-Day Workshop
Drain Flies
Voles
Rental Arrangements Changing with the Times Part 1 — Traditional Leases
Biosolids Improves Soil and Cuts Production Costs: Workshop March 3
Chemigation Training and Testing, March 6
Pioneer Farm Family Award Applications Due May 1
So You’re Considering an Orchard
Establishing a Commercial Vineyard
Plant Propagation: Grafting
Tiny Bites Total Big Calories!
Easy Deviled Eggs Recipe …

Nebline, February 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Take Steps to Help Protect Your Property from Theft
Census of Agriculture FAQ’s
Forage Calendar
Computerized Farm Financial Recordkeeping Workshop, Feb. 16
Private Pesticide Applicator Trainings
Environmental Reasons Why Fruit Trees Fail to Bear
Establishing a Vineyard
Renovate Windbreaks to Improve Effectiveness
$tretch Your Food Dollar with Soup
Quick Chili Recipe
Almost Homemade Chicken Rice Soup Recipe
Find It Fast: Filing Food Appliance and Other Kitchen Gear Instruction Manuals
See “Red” on Valentine’s Day
Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
Household Hints: Keeping Comforters Clean and Cozy
FCE News & Events
Elderly Can Reap Computer Benefits
America Saves Week
Elderly Can Reap Computer …

Nebline, January 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

“Parents Forever” Class Teaches Parents How to Help Children Through a Divorce
Coalition to Assist Children of Parents Experiencing Divorce
Nebraska’s New Parenting Act Puts Children at the Center—Not in the Middle—of Divorce
Upcoming Pesticide Applicator Trainings
Crop Protection Clinic, Jan. 22
Computerized Farm Financial Recordkeeping Workshop, Feb. 16
Year-Round Insect Pests in the Home
Ultrasonic/Subsonic Devices Not Effective for Pest Control
Beginning Beekeeping 2-Day Workshop
Got Deer Problems or Pocket Gophers? UNL Wildlife Experts Need Your Help
Florist Azalea Plant Care
A Gardener’s New Year’s Resolutions
Proper Landscape Plant Maintenance
About Soil Testing
Attract More Birds by Offering a …

4th Lone Star Regional Native Plant Conference, David Creech, Greg Grant, James Kroll, Dawn Stover

Lone Star Regional Native Plant Conference

No abstract provided.

Registration Of ‘Darrell’ Wheat, A. M. H. Ibrahim, S. D. Haley, P. S. Baenziger, Y. Jin, M. A. C. Langham, J. Rickertsen, S. Kalsbeck, R. Little, J. Ingemansen, O. K. Chung, B. W. Seabourn, G. H. Bai, Ming-Shun Chen, D. V. Mcvey

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

‘Darrell’ (Reg. No. CV-1024, PI 644224) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the South Dakota State University–Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2006 to seed producers by the South Dakota State University–Agricultural Experiment Station and the University of Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Darrell was selected from the cross 2076-W12-11/‘Karl 92’ (PI 564245)//NE89526. NE89526 is an experimental line from the University of Nebraska with the pedigree ‘Lancota’ (CI 17389) selection/’Siouxland’ (PI 483469)//TX792729. 2076-W12-11 is an unreleased experimental line that originated from a population with an unidentified pedigree. Darrell was selected as an F3:4 line in 1998 …

Nebline, Nov./Dec. 2007

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Internet is Popular Way to Access Extension
When it Comes to Being Wired, Youth are Leading the Way
Storage Methods to Reduce Loss of Hay Quality
Grain Stubble Rental Rates
Organic Production
Winter Protection for Roses
Make a Holiday Wreath
Winter Gardening Activities for Kids of All Ages
Turkey Tips
Cheesy Turkey Lasagna Recipe
Mediterranean Diet Offers Healthy Benefits
FREE Seminar, “Making Many Meals Using a Few Ingredients”
Mediterranean Soup
President’s Notes — Alice’s Analysis
Household Hints: Caring for Fleece
The Holidays When There are No Close Family Ties
FCE News & Events
Holiday Safety Tips
Holiday Gifts Needed for …

Nebline, October 2007

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

How Healthy is Your Home?
Soybean Cyst Nematode Spreading in Nebraska
Maintain Grain Quality in Storage
Winterize Your Underground Sprinkler System
Prepare Fireplaces and Woodburning Stoves for Safe Use this Winter
Why Leaves Fall
Choose Decay Resistant Wood for Buildings, Fenceposts
Storing a Tractor
Drying Gourds
Start Garden Cleanup
Tree Planting and Landscape Improvement Funds Available
Grassland Center Sets Fall Lecture Schedule
President’s Notes — Alice’s Analysis
Household Hints
Control Anger Rather Than Suppress It
FCE News & Events
Respond Effectively to Misbehaving Children by Understanding the Problem
Filing Financial Records Saves Time
How Dish Size, Location Influence the Amount …

Nebline, September 2007

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Control Winter Annuals in Fall
Free Soybean Cyst Nematode Sample Kits Available
Free Scrap Tire Collection
Keep Roosting Birds From Dirtying Cars, Driveways This Fall
Wood Heat–A Viable Home Heating Alternative
Ten Rules for Planting Trees
Answers to Composting Questions
President’s Notes — Alice’s Analysis
Household Hints: Programmable Thermostats
FCE News & Events
First Step to Eliminate Debt is Cut Expenses
Ease Children Into Staying Home Alone
Strengthening Family Treasures Daughter/Mother Camp
Four Fruit Salad Recipe
Do You REALLY Know How Much You Eat?
ABC’s for Good Health, Oct. 2, 9 & 23
Free Seminar, “Making Many Meals Using a …

Nebline, August 2007

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Salute to County Fair Volunteers
Volunteers Needed
Controlling Algae in Ponds and Lakes
Pesticide Container Recycling Program
Larger Diameter Bins Can Save Time and Energy When Drying Grain
Scrap Tire Collection
It’s Time to Take Precautions to Avoid West Nile Virus
Effective Mosquito Repellents
The Limitations of Aerosol Insecticides
Bark Stripping by Fox Squirrels
Walking off Midway Munchies
Skillet Zucchini with Chopped Tomatoes Recipe
Sneak Some Zucchini onto Your Neighbor’s Porch Day
The Power of Colors
President’s Notes — Alice’s Analysis
Household Hints: Cleaning Silver by Electrolysis
FCE News & Events
Back to School Tips
Women & Money Conference, Aug. …

Sheep Updates 2007 - Part 4, Dean Thomas, Dominique Blache, Dean Revell, Hayley Norman, Phil Vercoe, Zoey Durmic, Serina Digby, Di Mayberry, Megan Chadwick, Martin Sillence, David Masters, R. Silberstein, F. Byrne, P. G. H. Nichols, J. Young, L. Aitkins, M. G. Wilmot, A. J. Rintoul, T. Lambert, D. R. Mcclements, P. Raper, P. Ward, C. Walton, T. York, David Pethick, David Hopkins, Malcolm Mcphee, D. B. Savage, J. V. Nolan, I. R. Godwin, A. Aoetpah, T. Nguyen, N. Baillie, C. Lawler, Ken Geenty, John Smith, Darryl Smith, Tim Dyall, Grant Uphill, John Young, Michael Paton, John Dorrian

Sheep Updates

This session covers eight papers from different authors:

GRAZING

1. The impact of high dietary salt and its implications for the management of livestock grazing saline land, Dean Thomas, Dominique Blache, Dean Revell, Hayley Norman, Phil Vercoe, Zoey Durmic, Serina Digby, Di Mayberry, Megan Chadwick, Martin Sillence and David Masters, CRC for Plant-based Management of Dryland Salinity, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA.

2. Sustainable Grazing on Saline Lands - outcomes from the WA1 research project, H.C. Norman^1,2, D.G. Masters^1,2, R. Silberstein^1,2, F. Byrne^2,3, P.G.H. Nichols …

Nebline, July 2007

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Beneficial Insects in the Yard & Garden
Backyard Farmer’ Offers How-to Video on Tomatoes
What is that Bump on the Tree Leaves?
Black Knot on Plums
Saved From the Birds—Rescue of a Baby Owl
Raptor Recovery Nebraska
Pine Wilt Disease
How to Sample for Pinewood Nematode
Pine Species to Avoid Planting
Pesticide Container Recycling Program
Scrap Tire Collection
Mosquitoes
Mole Control
Calculating Water Volume
Test Water for Toxic Algae to Prevent Illness
Food and Fun at the Farmers’ Market
Tomato, Cucumber and Red Onion Salad with Mint Recipe
$ave Time & Money by Planning Meals
Focus on Watermelon
President’s Notes …

Nebline, June 2007

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Agricultural Production is $71 Million Industry in Lancaster County
Longtime Farmer Reflects on How Farming Has Changed in Lancaster County
New State Law Changed Fence Viewer Process
Think Ahead, Prepare Bins Before Wheat Harvest
Pesticide Container Recycling Program
Preventing Tick Bites
Store Drinking Water In Case Of Emergency
Check Property For Unused Wells To Avoid Contaminated Drinking Water
Practice Safe Cooking and Food Handling When Grilling
Strawberry Yogurt Shake Recipe
Water is Body’s Most Essential Nutrient
President’s Notes — Alice’s Analysis
Household Hints: To Clean a Sleeping Bag
FCE News & Events
Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
Pack Smart for Summer Vacation …

Nebline, May 2007

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Youth/Adult Partnership is Key to Success of 4-H Horse Program
Remove Skunk Odor by Deodorizing, Neutralizing Home, Clothing
Select Shade Trees to Meet Personal Landscape Objectives
Take Steps to Reduce Severe Weather Damage on Homes
Low-Toxic Fly Management for Horses
UNL Researcher Seeks Alfalfa Fields to Study Pocket Gophers
Household Hazardous Waste Collections
Termite Workshops for Homeowners in May
Food Quiz: Keep or Toss?
Cleaning Fruits and Veggies
Thawing Frozen Foods
Carrots and Raisins Sunshine Salad Recipe
The First Step to Food Safety — Clean!
Download FREE Educational Materials Online!
President’s Notes — Alice’s Analysis
Household Hints: Removing After-Prom Stains …

Nebline, April 2007

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

UNL Extension Programs Have Improved Termite Treatments in Nebraska
2007 Perennial Plant of the Year
Gardening Trends in 2007
Easter Lily Care
Spring is a Good Time to Begin Herb Gardening
“Management of Small Ponds” Clinic, April 17
Arbor Day and Tree Planting are Nebraska Traditions
Container Gardening
Controlling Nuisance Weeds in Your Farm Pond
Teff – A New Annual Forage Grass
Simplified Hand-Held Sprayer Calibration
Cost of Pumping Water for Domestic and Acreage Needs
Commercial Pesticide Applicator Initial Training, April 19
It’s Springtime: Watch for Signs of Termites
Termite Workshops for Homeowners in May
What’s Bugging You?
Spring Cleaning? …

Nebline, March 2007

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

$pending YOUR Calorie $alary: Tips for Using MyPyramid
All-America Selections Flower and Vegetable Award Winners for 2007
Planting Asparagus
Alternative Agriculture Provides Opportunities For Enthusiastic Entrepreneur
Proper Precautions for Chain Saw Safety
Collection of Unwanted Pesticides, March 23
Computerized Farm Financial Recordkeeping, March 19
Upcoming Pesticide Applicator Trainings
Use Pheromone Traps to Locate Indian Meal Moths Infestations
ewf needs volunteers
Build a Bat House
Fertilizing Crop Land with Biosolids
Potential Benefits and Hazards of Bats
Food Safety: What You Don’t Know CAN Hurt You
Ground Beef Vegetable Soup with Rice Recipe
$hop $mart to $tretch Your Food Dollar
Add Acidic …

Nebline, February 2007

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Private Well Management During a Drought
Some Wells in Lancaster County Have Dried Up
Groundwater-level Changes in Nebraska — Drought from Spring 2000 to Spring 2006
Computerized Farm Financial Recordkeeping Workshop, March 19
Manage Stored Grain Temperature with Aeration
Upcoming Pesticide Applicator Trainings
Estimating Water Needs When Planning for a New Well
Have a Healthy, Happy Valentine’s Day with Children!
Triple Play Walnut Crunch Recipe
Pack Power Lunches
Candy Placement May Determine How Much You Eat
President’s Notes — Alice’s Analysis
Household Hints: Keeping Comforters Clean and Cozy
FCE News & Events
Strengthening Family Treasures Daughter/Mother Camp
Clearing Out and …

Feed On Offer Photo Gallery : For Annual Pastures During The Green Period, Mandy (Catherine Amanda) Curnow, Lifetimewool (Australia)

Books & book chapters

Food on Offer, or FOO, is the amount of pasture available for sheep to eat. It is measured as dry matter per hectare, and then used to budget feed available and stocking rates for a given period.

FOO includes all green material above the ground and it is reported in kilograms of dry matter per hectare (kg DM/ha).

Highly Variable Patterns Of Linkage Disequilibrium In Multiple Soybean Populations, D. L. Hyten, Ik-Young Choi, Qijian Song, Randy C. Shoemaker, Randall L. Nelson, Jose M. Costa, James E. Specht, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Prospects for utilizing whole-genome association analysis in autogamous plant populations appear promising due to the reported high levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD). To determine the optimal strategies for implementing association analysis in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), we analyzed the structure of LD in three regions of the genome varying in length from 336 to 574 kb. This analysis was conducted in four distinct groups of soybean germplasm: 26 accessions of the wild ancestor of soybean (Glycine soja Seib. et Zucc.); 52 Asian G. max Landraces, the immediate results of domestication from G. soja; 17 Asian Landrace …