Fruit Science Commons^™

Production And Marketing Of Vegetables And Fruit, John Burt

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Vegetable and fruit production in Western Australia is a diverse, high value industry. Up to 75 different crops are grown from Kununurra in the north to Albany on the south coast.

Our horticultural industries were worth $238,127,000 in 1990-.91, which represented 18 per cent of all crops produced in Western Australia.

Markets for horticultural produce are volatile. For most lines, produce has been well supplied for the past four years, owing to an increasing area of production, higher yields, improved postharvest technology and reduced consumer demand in the recent recession.

A Bright Future For Export Plums, Ric Engel, Glynn Ward

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australia's stone fruit industry is relatively small by Australian and world standards owing to its small domestic market and past uncertainties with export. However, the industry is expanding to take advantage of growing markets in south-east Asia. It has adopted new production and marketing technology and is developing new varieties to meet the demand.

The future for our export plums has never been as promising as it is today. This is linked to fruit quality because markets are fickle and highly sensitive to poor quality fruit.

The introduction of a Quality Management Program in 199~91 helped the State develop …

Mango Exports From Western Australia, Peter Johnson, John Gallagher, Terry Hill

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Department of Agriculture has been at the forefront in developing a mango industry in Western Australia.

In Camarvon, the Department is concentrating on developing an export industry, while in the Ord River Irrigation Area trials have identified suitable domestic and export varieties for that environment.

The effect of planting density, hedging and pruning techniques on yield is being examined. Research has also started on identifying superior selections of the Kensington Pride variety, the most commercially important variety in Australia. The aim is to improve fruit quality, bearing reliability, and to extend the production season..

A Tale Of Two Ladies : Pink Lady And Sundowner, John Cripps, Eleanor Melvin-Carter

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

It is five years since the first Western Australianbred Pink Lady and Sundowner apples were sold on the local market. In that time, these crisp, sweet flavoursome apples have become top-selling, premium fruit.

The story is no different overseas. Trial shipments to London, Taiwan and Singapore have indicated a big demand for the unique Pink Lady apple - far more than Western Australia can presently supply.

One million fruiting Pink Lady apple trees are needed to meet anticipated export sales. Today, there are only 100,000 trees in the ground, of which about half are bearing fruit.

New high quality apple …

Development Of Redglobe Table Grapes For Export, Ian Cameron

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Exports wereonce a major outlet for the Western Australian table grape industry.

Over the last 20 years however, exports have fallen from 500 to 00 tonnes per year, despite an increase in the area planted to table grapes and an increase on overseas demand for our produce.

By 1993 less than 3 per cent of the table grapes produced in the State were exported.

The introduction of Redglobe, a new table grape varietyy from California, is expected to increase the export of table grapes from Western Australia to 1000t by 1997, when the variety will represent 90 per cent of …

Transpiration And Water Relations Of Irrigated Peach Trees At Manjimup, Western Australia, P R. Green

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Bulletin No 4146 - Commercial Production Of Pawpaws In Western Australia, J. R. Burt, B. L. Toohill

Bulletins 4000 -

The papaw (Carica papaya L.) is a native plant of Central America. It produces its highest yields of good quality fruit in tropical regions.

The tree is short-lived and rarely produces crops for more than two or three years. It is quick growing and soon reaches a maximum height of 5 to 7 m. It is usually unbranched, but may branch after either injury to the top or cutting back.

Land Capability And Land Use In The Leeuwin-Naturaliste Region, Peter John Tille, Neil Lantzke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Leeuwin-Naturaliste region is one of Western Australia's most beautiful areas. Located in the far south-west corner of the State, it is a popular scenis and tourist spot, as well as supporting grazing, horticultureal and viticultural enterprises.

Outside of perth the region is the most popular tourist destination in the state. It is also responsible for about a quarter of the State's milk production, and 15 percent of the state's potato production and a quarter of the State's wine grapes.

Many new agricultural enterprises have opened up in the past 15 years, and the population has increased by almost 40 …

The Queensland Fruit Fly Eradication Campaign, G P. Ayling

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australia has started an extensive eradication campaign against the Queensland fruit fly, one of the worst horticultural pests in the world.

The programme, the largest of its kind in Australia, and one of the biggest in the world, involves the integration of three tequniques for fruit fly control: lure trapping, protien baiting and the release of sterile male flies.

A Spray Programme For Table Grape Production In Western Australia, I. J. Cameron, P. Wood, A. Sproul

Viticulture published reports

This bulletin details the main sprays that can be used in table grape vineyards in Western Australia. Growers are advised to refer to the manufacturer's label for detailed recommendations since rates vary according to formulation. New chemicals are continually being marketed and any omissions are regretted and no preferences for any material or supplier is implied.

Eradicating Fruit Fly From Carnarvon, Kingsley Thomas Fisher

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Late last year the Mediteranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Weidemann) was eradicated from Canarvon, Western Australia by using an intergrated programme of sterile insect releases and bait spraying.

The eradication marked the end of a four-year study on the use and effectiveness of the Sterile Insect Technique, a biological control technique which uses an insect pest against itself. such a study can be used as a basis for treating other threatening insect pests, such as the serious cattle pest screw-worm fly, should they be found in Asustralia.

Being a biological control method, the Sterile Insect Technique is an exellent …

Further Research Into Parrots And Fruit Damage, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Parrits are major pests of Western Australia's South-West fruit growing industry. The amount of damage they can cause to ripening fruit in orchards varies from season to season, but in the last two years these colourful birds have become an even greater problem.

The Agriculture Protection Board has started further research aimed at determining how wxtensive damage to fruit can be prevented.

The Secretive Silvereyes, I J. Rooke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Durinf the past five years the agricultural Protection Board, in co-operation with scientists from CSIRO's Division of Wildlife Research and the University of Western Australia, had studied the biology and control of the silvereye in the South-West of Western Asustralia. The project was partially funded by a voluntary levy on vignerons in the Margaret River and Mt Barker areas.

The first part of the study investigated the bird's bioloogy - its food requirements, reproductive rate, how it interacted with other birds and its seasonal movements, It was hoped that this knowledge would help develop effective techniques for either controlling the …

A Closer Look At Parrots As Pests, John L. Long

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Small parrots have been attacking fruit and grain crops in the south of Western Australia at least since agriculture expanded into their native habitats in the early 1900s. The parrots are capable of quickly adapting to new situations so it is not surprising that they have eaten crops.

It is not known whether parrot numbers have increased since European settlement began, but this appears likely. The present landscape of islands of uncleared country interspersed with areas of agriculture appears to favour the survival of the red-capped parrot, western rosella and the Port Lincoln parrot. These species were investigated during a …

Bulletin No 4077 - The Avocado In Western Australia, M. G. Hawson, Jacqui Davis

Bulletins 4000 -

The avocado, Persea americana, is a member of the laurel family, and a close relative of the common shade tree, camphor laurel. It is native to Mexico, Central America, West Indies and nearby areas where the fruit was often a major part of the diet of the Indians.

Avocado flesh contains good levels of protein, fat, phosphate, potash, thiamin, riboflavin and ascorbic acid and exceeds those in such fruits as apples, apricots and bananas.

The tree is an evergreen, although some varieties lose their leaves for a short time before flowering. The canopy of varieties such as Fuerte, Rincon and …

Herbicides On Tomato, Capsicum And Eggplant, D J. Gilbey

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

SUMMARY Stomp controlled the widest range of weeds with a wide margin of crop tolerance. Recommend. 3 l/ha or lower before transplanting. Bensulide controlled grasses well, but did not control nightshade. Recommend 12 l/ha after transplanting. Lasso controlled a wide range of weeds, but the margin of selectivity is narrow. Recommended maximum 4 l/ha. Surflan controlled all weeds well, except nightshade, when applied after transplanting. The margin of selectivity is narrow on tomato and zero for nightshade. Recommend 1.5 1 after transplanting. Trifluralin controlled 3 weeds, and the margin of selectivity is narrow. Recommend rate of 4 l/ha. Trials - …

Bitter Pit Control Could Save Export Granny Smiths, S E. Hardisty

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australian exports of Granny Smith apples are threatened by the incidence of bitter pit. Fortunately treatments which can control this storage disorder, have become available.

The Potential For Avocados In Western Australia, Michael Gregory Hawson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

"The flesh of the ripe fruit is ivory yellow, framed in a surround of exquisite green"

There is only one fruit to which this comment can apply and that is the avocado.

While now regarded as a luxury, avocados have met ready demand on major markets indicating that limited expansion of avocado growing in Victoria, South Australia and Western Australiacouldmprovide quite profitable returns.

Stonefruits Have A Future, Geoffrey L. Godley

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Over the 10 year period from 1966/67 to 1975/76, stonefruit production has not greatly expanded. The area planted has declined and the number of young, non-bearing trees also has declined.

Trends in the price ofsdtonefriut for the past decsde have revealed no real improvement on local or export markets but it is unlikely that these trends will continue. While costs will continue to rise, profitability of stonefruit is likely to be helped by cost saving techniques. Mechanical equipment changes and changes to management techniques will mean reduced management costs.

Apple Orchards To Take A New Look, J E L Cripps

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Results of experiments by the Department of agriculture could completely change the appearance of the apple orchard in the next decade.

The normal orchard scene will become hedgerows of chemically-thinned, irrigated, red varieties on dwarfing or semi-dwarfing rootstocks receiving just the right amount of fertiliser, and areas between rows will be mown, or sprayed with herbicide. The clean cultivated, square-planted, vase-shaped tree will slowly disappear.

The Avocado And Its Potential In Western Australia, M G. Hawson

Bulletins 4000 -

This bulletin summarises the background of the avocado and its requirements for growth and production of fruit in Western Australia, and considers its economic potential.

Green Lemons Safe From Fruit Fly, A N. Sproul

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Importers' demands for fruit imports to be free of local pests places great restrictions on the movement of fruit between States, between countries, and sometimes within a State.

In Western Australia a Fresh Fruit Disinfestation Committee was formed in 1969 to direct State research aimed at developing techniques for post-harvest fruit sterilsation Programmes are supported by State and Federal funds and, in W.A., have provided staff and facilities to work on Mediterranean fruit fly. Parallel work with Queensland fruit fly and codlin moth is being done in New South Wales and Victoria.

Fruit In W.A., Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

The main fruit growing districts of Western Australia are in the Mediterranean climate areas of the south-west. Apples, pears, stonefruit, citrus and vines are grown on a commercial basis. Figs, mulberries and olives are also grown, but not in big commercial quantities.

The Banana Industry At Carnarvon, John Roger Burt

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In viewing the semi-arid conditions of the West Gascoyne, visitors are surprised to see a thriving banana industry at the mouth of the Gascoyne River, 930 kilometres north of Perth. The natural vegetation in the plantation area consists mainly of stunted gums, low acacia scrub and salt bush.

Despite the adverse climatic conditions, the average yields of Carnarvon bananas are double those of banana areas in other states.

Fruit Fly Control In Table Grapes, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture

Viticulture factsheets

Fruit fly can be a major pest for commercial table grape growers and may result in serious financial loss if adequate control measures are not taken. Unless a concentrated effort is made by all growers, fruit fly will remain a problem.

Pit And Scald Of Granny Smiths, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Trials investigating storage and shipping disorders of fruit, mainly apples and pears, are conducted annually in cool rooms made available to the Department by the W.A. Meat Export Works.

Stone Fruit Regulations, W J. Hart

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Stone fruit grading regulations were introduced for the first time recently to keep small, green or badly blemished fruit off the market. This type of fruit is always in poor demand and can spoil the prices obtained for better lines of fruit by creating the impression of heavy supplies.

Brown Collar Rot Of Citrus, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Infection of fruit and foliage by brown rot fungi (Phytophthora spp.) occurs after opening rains in autumn. It can continue during periods of wet weather until spring.

Powdery Mildew Of Apples, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) markedly affects the growth and vigour of susceptible apple varieties, particularly Jonathan and Cleopatra.

The fungus survives the winter as mycelial threads in dormant buds on spurs and laterals infected the previous season. At bud-burst the mycelium grows onto the developing leaves and blossom clusters to form white patches.

Spores produced on these patches are spread by the wind onto the healthy growth.

New Varieties Could Extend The Peach Canning Season, S R J Newton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE peach canning industry in Western Australia at present has only a limited period of operation, coinciding with the harvest time of the major variety, Golden Queen.

New canning peach varieties tested at Stoneville Research Station could be used to extend the harvest period of canning peaches beyond that of the present standard variety, Golden Queen.

This would have obvious advantages for growers and a canning industry.

The South African variety Keimoes was the most promising canning peach tested. Tests on other varieties are continuing.