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2020

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Articles 271 - 298 of 298

Full-Text Articles in Botany

Improving The Biological Control Of Persicaria Perfoliata (Polygonaceae) Using Rhinoncomimus Latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Jaewon Kim Jan 2020

Improving The Biological Control Of Persicaria Perfoliata (Polygonaceae) Using Rhinoncomimus Latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Jaewon Kim

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (Polygonaceae; Mile-a-minute weed) is a rapid-growing invasive vine introduced from eastern Asia to northeastern United States in the 1930s. This vine has been invaded in disturbed areas and reforestation sites in 15 states in the U.S. and forms dense, monocultural patches that may inhibit natural forest regeneration. To control this weed, a host-specific biocontrol agent, Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has been released in the P. perfoliata invaded states in the U.S. during the past 15 years. Currently, R. latipes is released by hand to the invaded area where the presence of the weed is …

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Evolutionary Genomics Of Dynamic Sex Chromosomes In The Salicaceae, Ran Zhou Jan 2020

Evolutionary Genomics Of Dynamic Sex Chromosomes In The Salicaceae, Ran Zhou

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Identifying the sex-determination region (SDR) and other genomic features of sex chromosomes are of great importance in the studies of the evolution of sex. However, the process of accurately identifying the size and location of the SDR is often difficult, even when a genomic sequence is available. This usually is hindered by large repetitive elements and a lack of recombination in the SDR. In this thesis, I assemble sex chromosomes with whole genomic sequencing data, identify SDRs and explore their genomic features in two sister species from the Salicaceae family. I also develop an interpretation of the lability of the …

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The Endogenous L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase And Hydrogen Sulfide Participate In Supplemented Phosphorus-Induced Tolerance To Salinity Stress In Maize (Zea Mays) Plants, Cengi̇z Kaya, Muhammad Ashraf Jan 2020

The Endogenous L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase And Hydrogen Sulfide Participate In Supplemented Phosphorus-Induced Tolerance To Salinity Stress In Maize (Zea Mays) Plants, Cengi̇z Kaya, Muhammad Ashraf

Turkish Journal of Botany

Although phosphorus supplementation (SP) has been shown to improve salinity tolerance in plants, crosstalk between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LDES) and SP-induced salinity tolerance needs to be elucidated. Thus, prior to initiation of stress treatment, young seedlings were transferred to aqueous solution containing the scavenger of H2S, 0.1 mM hypotaurine (HT), or the inhibitor of LDES, 0.3 mM DL-propargylglycine (PAG), for 12 h. The plants grown under control (no NaCl added) or salinity stress (SS; 100 mM NaCl) were then supplemented with SP (2.0 mM in total) as KH2PO4 for 5 weeks. SS caused a significant decrease in …

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Russula Shanglaensis Sp. Nov. (Basidiomycota: Russulales), A New Species From The Mixed Coniferous Forests In District Shangla, Pakistan, Sadiq Ullah, Andrew William Wilson, Muhammad Fiaz, Shah Hussain, Gregory M. Mueller, Abdul Nasir Khalid Jan 2020

Russula Shanglaensis Sp. Nov. (Basidiomycota: Russulales), A New Species From The Mixed Coniferous Forests In District Shangla, Pakistan, Sadiq Ullah, Andrew William Wilson, Muhammad Fiaz, Shah Hussain, Gregory M. Mueller, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species in the genus Russula from the mixed coniferous forest of District Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic data derived from DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), along with morphological characterizations, indicate the species is novel.Russula shanglaensis sp. nov. is distinct from other known species in subsect. Virescentinae. It is characterized by the convex to slightly depressed grayish pilei that often reflect rusty brown to light purplish spots, with very lightly striated to tuberculate striated margins. The occurrence of subglobose to ellipsoidal basidiospores (6.5-8 × 6-7 µm) with irregular incomplete reticulation is …

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Notes On The Genus Sauvetrea (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae), With A Description Of A New Species, Dariusz L. Szlachetko, Natalia Oledrzynska, Monika M. Lipinska Jan 2020

Notes On The Genus Sauvetrea (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae), With A Description Of A New Species, Dariusz L. Szlachetko, Natalia Oledrzynska, Monika M. Lipinska

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genus Sauvetrea Szlach. (Orchidaceae) was segregated from Maxillaria sensu lato in 2007. It embraces a group of from 10 to nearly 20 species, all initially defined as Maxillaria sect. Trigonae. Sauvetrea can be easily distinguished from closely related Rhetinantha M.A.Blanco by the lip callus. During the revision of the materials stored in AMES we came across specimens collected by Vargas in Peru, which were initially identified by Schweinfurth as Maxillaria brachypetala Schltr. We compared Vargas's discovery with the protologue of the latter species and other Sauvetrea, but it does not fit the description of any genus representatives known so …

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Transcriptomic Insights Into The Molecular Aspects Of Salt Stress Responses In Kandelia Candel Roots, Jianhong Xing, Dezhuo Pan, Lingxia Wang, Fanglin Tan, Wei Chen Jan 2020

Transcriptomic Insights Into The Molecular Aspects Of Salt Stress Responses In Kandelia Candel Roots, Jianhong Xing, Dezhuo Pan, Lingxia Wang, Fanglin Tan, Wei Chen

Turkish Journal of Botany

The mangrove plant Kandelia candel is a type of woody halophyte that grows in tropical and subtropical ocean intertidal zones and exhibits a high salt tolerance. In this study, 61,970 unigenes were obtained from the roots of 60-day-old K. candel seedlings treated with 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl for 3 days with an N50 of 1510 bp. Moreover, 454, 311, and 2663 genes were differentially expressed under 200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl treatments, respectively. These differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in plant hormone signal transduction, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, stress response, and …

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Effects Of Microalgal Biomass As Biofertilizer On The Growth Of Cucumber And Microbial Communities In The Cucumber Rhizosphere, Junping Lv, Shufang Liu, Jia Feng, Qi Liu, Jun Guo, Lige Wang, Xiaoyan Jiao, Shulian Xie Jan 2020

Effects Of Microalgal Biomass As Biofertilizer On The Growth Of Cucumber And Microbial Communities In The Cucumber Rhizosphere, Junping Lv, Shufang Liu, Jia Feng, Qi Liu, Jun Guo, Lige Wang, Xiaoyan Jiao, Shulian Xie

Turkish Journal of Botany

In the present study, microalgal biomass (Anabeana circinalis and Scenedesmus quadricauda) was used as biofertilizer in cucumber cultivation. The response of cucumber growth characters to microalgal biofertilizer was evaluated. Moreover, rhizosphere microbial diversity and community composition of cucumber was analyzed through 16S rRNA high-throughput Illumina sequencing data. The results showed that microalgal biomass as biofertilizer significantly promoted height, number of leaves and flower buds, and stem diameter of cucumber. The application of a high concentration of S. quadricauda to soil raised the diversity of rhizosphere fungi of cucumber. The rhizosphere microbial community of cucumber also responded to microalgal biofertilizer. The …

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The Role Of Badh Gene In Oxidative, Salt, And Drought Stress Tolerances Of White Clover, Gürkan Demi̇rkol Jan 2020

The Role Of Badh Gene In Oxidative, Salt, And Drought Stress Tolerances Of White Clover, Gürkan Demi̇rkol

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of BADH gene and control whether it plays an important role to protect white clover (Trifolium repens L.) against oxidative, salt, and drought stresses. Three genotypes possessing BADH and 1 genotype lacking BADH were selected, considering the expression levels of BADH in response to methyl viologen mediated oxidative stress. The genotypes possessing BADH displayed significantly less ion leakage under oxidative stress treatment, compared to that lacking BADH . In order to test salinity tolerance, the plants were treated with 300 mM NaCl for 2 weeks, and to mimic drought conditions, …

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Effects Of Environmental Heterogeneity And Temporal Variation On Ecological Relationships Of Vegetation In A Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest In Brazil, Alisson Borges Miranda Santos, Nathalle Cristine Alencar Fagundes, Cleber Rodrigo Souza, Vinicius Andrade Maia, Wilder Bento Da Silva, Gabriela Gomes Pires De Paula, Felipe De Carvalho Araujo, Polyanne Coelho, Natália Aguiar-Campos, Diego Teixeira Girardelli, Jean Daniel Morel, Rubens Manoel Dos Santos Jan 2020

Effects Of Environmental Heterogeneity And Temporal Variation On Ecological Relationships Of Vegetation In A Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest In Brazil, Alisson Borges Miranda Santos, Nathalle Cristine Alencar Fagundes, Cleber Rodrigo Souza, Vinicius Andrade Maia, Wilder Bento Da Silva, Gabriela Gomes Pires De Paula, Felipe De Carvalho Araujo, Polyanne Coelho, Natália Aguiar-Campos, Diego Teixeira Girardelli, Jean Daniel Morel, Rubens Manoel Dos Santos

Turkish Journal of Botany

Species distribution patterns, community structure, and dynamics are determined on a small scale by soil and habitat heterogeneity. The aim of this work is to evaluate the temporal changes in composition and structure of a tree community, revealing the ecological drivers of the observed vegetation patterns. For 16 years (2000, 2005, 2010, and 2016) we monitored the temporal variations in structure and floristic composition of a semideciduous seasonal forest through 20 × 20 m2 (400 m2) plots, totaling 2.08 ha of sampled area encompassing Cambisol (0.4 ha), Oxysol (1.12 ha), and Nitosol (0.56 ha) soil classes. These tree communities were …

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Tragopogon Abbreviatus (Asteraceae): A Little-Known Species Inferred From Morphological And Molecular Analysis, Kami̇l Çoşkunçelebi̇, Mutlu Gültepe, Murat Erdem Güzel, Serdar Makbul Jan 2020

Tragopogon Abbreviatus (Asteraceae): A Little-Known Species Inferred From Morphological And Molecular Analysis, Kami̇l Çoşkunçelebi̇, Mutlu Gültepe, Murat Erdem Güzel, Serdar Makbul

Turkish Journal of Botany

Tragopogon porrifolius occurs in Turkey with 3 taxonomically confused subspecies: T. porrifolius subsp. eriospermus, T. porrifolius subsp. longirostris, and T. porrifolius subsp. abbreviatus. In the present paper, T. porrifolius subsp. abbreviatus endemic to Turkey is raised at specific level based on morphological and molecular analysis. After detailed assessment of original herbarium specimens and literature studies, we found that this name is not typified yet. Thus, a lectotype is provided together with an emended diagnosis; synonym, distribution map, and conservation status for the first time. Additionally, a preliminary phylogenetic position of this little-known taxon is given on several newly sequenced data.

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Comparative Anatomical Studies In Relation To Taxonomy Of Sedum S.L. (Crassulaceae) In Iran, Maryam Mohammadi Shahrestani, Marzieh Beygom Faghir, Mostafa Assadi Jan 2020

Comparative Anatomical Studies In Relation To Taxonomy Of Sedum S.L. (Crassulaceae) In Iran, Maryam Mohammadi Shahrestani, Marzieh Beygom Faghir, Mostafa Assadi

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study aimed to characterize the stem, peduncle, and leaf anatomy of 22 species of Sedum senso lato distributed in Iran. The results showed that the presence of tanniniferous storage cells in stems and leaves, distinct xylem vessels in stems, and the shape of peduncle cross sections, were taxonomically informative evidence, and isolated Phedimus from the other studied taxa of Sedum s.l. , whereas hairy leaves and peduncles containing starch storage cells were identified as Prometheum and Hylotelephium respectively. In addition, the current anatomical evidence confirmed the alliance of 2 sections of Sedum and Epeteium within Sedum sensu stricto. The …

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Structural Characterization Of Its2 And Cbc Species Concept Applications In The Tribe Coluteocarpeae (Brassicaceae), Kurtuluş Özgi̇şi̇ Jan 2020

Structural Characterization Of Its2 And Cbc Species Concept Applications In The Tribe Coluteocarpeae (Brassicaceae), Kurtuluş Özgi̇şi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

The taxonomic utility of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) secondary structures in different plant groups, as well as in Brassicaceae, has been addressed by many studies. Although characterization and applications of ITS2 secondary structures for the members of main Brassicaceae lineages (Lineages I, II, III, and expanded Lineage II) have been studied, the utility of compensatory base change (CBC) species concept has not been the subject of any studies thus far. In the current study, the ITS2 secondary structures of 49 Coluteocarpeae (expanded Lineage II) specimens were investigated to determine relationships among the species. In addition to the utility of …

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An Ethnobotanical Survey Of Medicinal Plants In Ballakayati (Erbil, North Iraq), Awara Mohammed A.M.A. Kawarty, Lütfi̇ Behçet, Uğur Çakilcioğlu Jan 2020

An Ethnobotanical Survey Of Medicinal Plants In Ballakayati (Erbil, North Iraq), Awara Mohammed A.M.A. Kawarty, Lütfi̇ Behçet, Uğur Çakilcioğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study aims to identify wild plants used for medical purposes by local people of the Ballakayati district of Erbil in North Iraq, and to determine the local names and uses of those plants. The study was carried out for approximately 3 years between 2016 and 2018. During this period of time, 85 plant specimens were collected. Demographic characteristics of the participants, names of the local plants, used parts of these plants and their preparation methods were investigated and recorded. In the literature analysis of the plants used in this study, 85 plants were found to be used for medicinal …

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Enhanced Stress Tolerance In Transformed Ajuga Bracteosa Wall. Ex Benth. Regenerants By Upregulated Gene Expression Of Metabolic Pathways, Samina Rubnawaz, Waqas Kayani, Rashid Mahmood, Bushra Mirza Jan 2020

Enhanced Stress Tolerance In Transformed Ajuga Bracteosa Wall. Ex Benth. Regenerants By Upregulated Gene Expression Of Metabolic Pathways, Samina Rubnawaz, Waqas Kayani, Rashid Mahmood, Bushra Mirza

Turkish Journal of Botany

The rol oncogenes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes enhance the production of medicinally important compounds in plants and provide a first barrier against the overproduction of reactive oxygen species during biotic and abiotic stress. This study was designed to evaluate the expression of genes involved in biosynthetic pathways and their impact on metabolic contents and environmental stress tolerance in regenerated Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. After successful transformation, real-time quantitative PCR confirmed the increased expression (1.94-6.59-fold) of HMGR, HDS, FDS, PAL, and TTG1 genes in transgenic lines. Furthermore, GC-MS coupled with principal component analysis revealed diverse concentrations of 97 metabolites in A. …

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Will Ferulago Glareosa Kandemir And Hedge (Apiaceae) Be Extinct In The Near Future?, İdri̇s Sari, Ali̇ Kandemi̇r Jan 2020

Will Ferulago Glareosa Kandemir And Hedge (Apiaceae) Be Extinct In The Near Future?, İdri̇s Sari, Ali̇ Kandemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Botany

Turkey is one of the most important temperate countries on Earth in terms of plant diversity. There is a growing interest in understanding habitat suitability and future distributions of species in the scientific world. Because climate change has impacted ecosystems with major consequences, species are shifting and declining much faster than in the past. Some global climate models used for predicting climate in the future better represent and have higher reliability for some climate types.Ferulago glareosa , which lives in Turkey, is a rare endemic plant species. In this study, we investigated current and future distributions of the species determined …

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Contribution To The Flora Of Asian And European Countries: New National And Regional Vascular Plant Records, 9, Marcin Nobis, Jolanta Marciniuk, Pawel Marciniuk, Mateusz Wolanin, Gergely Király, Arkadiusz Nowak, Beata Paszko, Ewelina Klichowska, Gonzalo Moreno-Moral, Renata Piwowarczyk, Óscar Sánchez-Pedraja, Anna Wróbel, Irina N. Egorova, Pavol Elia? Jun., Denis A. Krivenko Jan 2020

Contribution To The Flora Of Asian And European Countries: New National And Regional Vascular Plant Records, 9, Marcin Nobis, Jolanta Marciniuk, Pawel Marciniuk, Mateusz Wolanin, Gergely Király, Arkadiusz Nowak, Beata Paszko, Ewelina Klichowska, Gonzalo Moreno-Moral, Renata Piwowarczyk, Óscar Sánchez-Pedraja, Anna Wróbel, Irina N. Egorova, Pavol Elia? Jun., Denis A. Krivenko

Turkish Journal of Botany

The paper presents new records for 39 vascular plant species from eight Eurasian countries. Aniselytron treutleri (Poaceae), Hackelochloa granularis (Poaceae), Melica kozlovii (Poaceae) and Melica nutans (Poaceae) are reported from China; Dichondra micrantha (Convolvulaceae) from Hungary; Orobanche serbica (Orobanchaceae) and Viscum album subsp. austriacum (Santalaceae) from Italy; Petrorhagia prolifera (Caryophyllaceae), Puccinellia schischkinii and Stipa pulcherrima (Poaceae) from Kyrgyzstan; Megadenia speluncarum (Brassicaceae), Phelipanche lavandulacea (Orobanchaceae), Solanum physalifolium (Solanaceae), Thymus lenensis (Lamiaceae) from Russia; Rubus phoenicolasius (Rosaceae) from Slovakia; Atraphaxis karataviensis (Polygonaceae) from Tajikistan; as well as Rubus austroslovacus and R. crispomarginatus (Rosaceae) in addition to Taraxacum acervatulum, T. aequilobum, T. amplum, …

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Genome Size Confirms The Presence Of Artemisia Verlotiorum (Asteraceae) In Lebanon, Filip Verloove, Attila Mesterházy, Marc El Beyrouthy, Ben Zonneveld Jan 2020

Genome Size Confirms The Presence Of Artemisia Verlotiorum (Asteraceae) In Lebanon, Filip Verloove, Attila Mesterházy, Marc El Beyrouthy, Ben Zonneveld

Turkish Journal of Botany

The Far Eastern weed Artemisia verlotiorum was formerly reported from Lebanon. However, for a number of reasons this record was questionable. In 2019, the genuine presence of this species was confirmed based on macromorphology and strengthened by assessing the somatic nuclear DNA content (genome size or 2C-value) of the Lebanese populations.

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Driving Factors Affecting The Phytoplankton Functional Groups In A Deep Alkaline Lake, Ayça Oğuz, Reyhan Akçaalan Albay, Lati̇fe Köker, Cenk Gürevi̇n, Zeynep Dorak, Meri̇ç Albay Jan 2020

Driving Factors Affecting The Phytoplankton Functional Groups In A Deep Alkaline Lake, Ayça Oğuz, Reyhan Akçaalan Albay, Lati̇fe Köker, Cenk Gürevi̇n, Zeynep Dorak, Meri̇ç Albay

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study evaluated the phytoplankton communities based on functional groups to obtain information about the water quality of Lake İznik, Turkey. The phytoplankton consisted of 103 taxa, classified in 12 phytoplankton functional groups (PFGs), with dominancy of 5 species, Chrysosporum ovalisporum, Dolichospermum mendotae, Planktothrix rubescens, Fragilaria capucina and Mougeotia sp. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was calculated and results ranged between 0.41 and 2.47. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and Spearman's correlation analysis were used to assess the relationships between the PFGs and environmental variables. According to the multiple comparisons of the data, the main efficient factors that determined the seasonal …

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Two New Hybrid Species Of Salvia (S. × Karamanensis And S. × Doganii) From Turkey: Evidence From Molecular And Morphological Studies, Ferhat Celep, Emma Raders, Bryan Drew Jan 2020

Two New Hybrid Species Of Salvia (S. × Karamanensis And S. × Doganii) From Turkey: Evidence From Molecular And Morphological Studies, Ferhat Celep, Emma Raders, Bryan Drew

Turkish Journal of Botany

Salvia L. is an ideal exemplar to demonstrate prezygotic isolation mechanisms in sympatric populations due to their wellknown staminal lever mechanism. Mechanical, phenological, and ethological isolation mechanisms have been reported among sympatric species of Salvia. However, it has been shown that if closely related species are sympatric and flower at the same time, they can potentially hybridize. In this study, we describe two new hybrid species of Salvia (S. × karamanensis Celep & B.T.Drew, and S. × doganii Celep & B.T.Drew) from Turkey based on morphological and molecular evidence. Salvia × karamanensis (S. aucheri Benth. subsp. canescens (Boiss. & Heldr.) …

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Astragalus Aybarsii A New Species Of Sect. Onobrychoidei Dc. (Fabaceae) From Turkey, Hayri̇ Duman, Zeki̇ Aytaç, Funda Özbek Jan 2020

Astragalus Aybarsii A New Species Of Sect. Onobrychoidei Dc. (Fabaceae) From Turkey, Hayri̇ Duman, Zeki̇ Aytaç, Funda Özbek

Turkish Journal of Botany

Astragalus aybarsii H. Duman & Aytaç (Fabaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Kastamonu province (Turkey). The new species grows in open areas of Pinus brutia Ten. forests. Diagnostic and morphological charactersof the new species are compared with its close relatives, A. setulosus Boiss. & Balansa and A. eubrychioides Boiss. Also, some notes on the ecology, biogeography, conservation status and the pollen morphological and leaflet micromorphological features of the new species are presented. The geographical distribution of this new species and its allied species is mapped.

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The Synopsis Of The Genus Trigonella L. (Fabaceae) In Turkey, Hasan Akan, Murat Eki̇ci̇, Zeki̇ Aytaç Jan 2020

The Synopsis Of The Genus Trigonella L. (Fabaceae) In Turkey, Hasan Akan, Murat Eki̇ci̇, Zeki̇ Aytaç

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, the synopsis of the taxa of the genus Trigonella in Turkey is presented. It is represented with 34 taxa in Turkey. The name of Trigonella coelesyriaca was misspelled to Flora of Turkey and the correct name of this species, Trigonella caelesyriaca, was given in this study. The endemic Trigonella raphanina has been reduced to synonym of T. cassia and T. balansae is reduced to synonym of T. corniculata. In addition, T. spruneriana var. sibthorpii is reevaluated as a distinct species. Lectotypification was designated for T. capitata, T. spruneriana and T. velutina. Neotypification was decided for T. cylindracea …

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The Limits Of Lead (Pb) Phytoextraction And Possibilities Of Phytostabilization In Contaminated Soil: A Critical Review, Sara Perl Egendorf, Peter M. Groffman, Gerry Moore, Zhongqi Cheng Jan 2020

The Limits Of Lead (Pb) Phytoextraction And Possibilities Of Phytostabilization In Contaminated Soil: A Critical Review, Sara Perl Egendorf, Peter M. Groffman, Gerry Moore, Zhongqi Cheng

Advanced Science Research Center

This review article focuses on lead (Pb), one of the most ubiquitous and harmful toxicants found in soil. Our objective is to address misconceptions regarding the ability of plants to uptake Pb through their roots and translocate it to above-ground tissues, and their ability to act as hyperaccumulators and thereby phytoextract Pb. In accordance with a number of cited definitions, we suggest that species capable of Pb phytoextraction can be rated with the following three criteria: (1) root uptake above a nominal threshold of 1,000 mg Pb/kg, (2) bioconcentration factor (BCF or shoot/soil concentration) >1, and (3) translocation factor (TF …

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ผลของฤดูกาลต่อการเติบโตและประสิทธิภาพของการดูดซึมกลับของไนโตรเจนและฟอสฟอรัสของแสมขาว Avicennia Alba Blume ในป่าชายเลน ปากแม่น้ำตราด, ปิยะพล แก่นคง Jan 2020

ผลของฤดูกาลต่อการเติบโตและประสิทธิภาพของการดูดซึมกลับของไนโตรเจนและฟอสฟอรัสของแสมขาว Avicennia Alba Blume ในป่าชายเลน ปากแม่น้ำตราด, ปิยะพล แก่นคง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ป่าชายเลนมีบทบาทสำคัญในการเป็นแหล่งสะสมคาร์บอนเนื่องจากเป็นระบบนิเวศที่มีผลผลิตขั้นปฐมภูมิสุทธิ (net primary production; NPP) สูง แม้ว่าต้นไม้ในป่าชายเลนจะเจริญอยู่ในสภาพแวดล้อมที่ดินมีความเค็มสูง อีกทั้งยังมีปริมาณออกซิเจนในดินค่อนข้างจำกัด เนื่องจากได้รับผลกระทบจากการขึ้นลงของน้ำทะเล ระดับน้ำทะเลทั่วโลกมีแนวโน้มเพิ่มสูงขึ้นเนื่องจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศโลก ส่งผลทำให้ความเค็มและปริมาณสารอาหารในป่าชายเลนเปลี่ยนแปลงไป ซึ่งอาจส่งผลกระทบต่อการเติบโตของต้นไม้ป่าชายเลน การศึกษาครั้งนี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาการเติบโตด้านการขยายพื้นที่หน้าตัดลำต้น และการผลิและร่วงของใบ รวมถึงศึกษาการดูดซึมกลับของสารอาหารในใบของแสมขาว (Avicennia alba) ในช่วงฤดูฝนและฤดูแล้ง ตั้งแต่เดือนกรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2562 ถึงมิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2563 โดยมีพื้นที่ศึกษาอยู่ในป่าชายเลนรุ่นสองบริเวณปากแม่น้ำตราด ผลการศึกษาพบว่าการขยายพื้นที่หน้าตัดลำต้นและการผลิใบมีความผันแปรตามฤดูกาล โดยพบว่ามีอัตราที่สูงขึ้นในช่วงฤดูฝนจากนั้นจึงลดลงในช่วงฤดูแล้ง เนื่องจากปริมาณน้ำฝนที่มากในช่วงฤดูฝนส่งผลให้ความเค็มของน้ำลดลง อีกทั้งไนโตรเจนในน้ำยังมีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้น จึงทำให้ A. alba ได้รับน้ำจืดและไนโตรเจนผ่านการดูดซึมของรากสำหรับการเติบโตมากขึ้น นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าประสิทธิภาพการดูดซึมกลับของฟอสฟอรัส (phosphorus resorption efficiency; PRE) ในใบมีค่าสูงในช่วงฤดูฝน จึงทำให้มีสารอาหารสำหรับการเติบโตเพิ่มมากขึ้น และส่งผลให้มีการเติบโตทั้งในด้านการขยายพื้นที่หน้าตัดลำต้นและการผลิใบที่มากขึ้นในช่วงฤดูฝน แสดงให้เห็นว่า A. alba มีกลยุทธ์ในการปรับตัวเพื่อให้เติบโตอยู่ได้ภายใต้สภาพแวดล้อมที่มีความผันแปรของความเค็มและสารอาหารตามฤดูกาล โดยมีอัตราการเติบโตสูงในช่วงที่ความเค็มลดลง อีกทั้งยังเพิ่มการหมุนเวียนสารอาหารจากใบกลับมาใช้ใหม่มากขึ้นเพื่อตอบสนองต่อการเติบโตที่สูงในช่วงฤดูฝน ซึ่งกลยุทธ์การเติบโตนี้เป็นส่วนสำคัญที่ทำให้ระบบนิเวศป่าชายเลนยังคงทำหน้าที่เป็นแหล่งสะสมคาร์บอนที่สำคัญของโลกต่อไป

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Interspecific Gene Flow Potentiates Adaptive Evolution In A Hybrid Zone Formed Between Pinus Strobiformis And Pinus Flexilis, Mitra Menon Jan 2020

Interspecific Gene Flow Potentiates Adaptive Evolution In A Hybrid Zone Formed Between Pinus Strobiformis And Pinus Flexilis, Mitra Menon

Theses and Dissertations

Species range margins are often characterised by high degrees of habitat fragmentation resulting in low genetic diversity and higher gene flow from populations at the core of the species range. Interspecific gene flow from a closely related species with abutting range margins can increase standing genetic diversity and generate novel allelic combinations thereby alleviating limits to adaptive evolution in range margin populations. Hybridization driven interspecific gene flow has played a key role in the demographic history of several conifer due to their life history characteristics such as weak crossability barriers and long generation times. Nevertheless, demonstrating whether introgression is adaptive …

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Small Mammal Communities In Grasslands At The Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, Usa, Lynda R. Lafond, Elizabeth H. Rave, Kathryn A. Yurkonis Jan 2020

Small Mammal Communities In Grasslands At The Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, Usa, Lynda R. Lafond, Elizabeth H. Rave, Kathryn A. Yurkonis

The Prairie Naturalist

Small mammals are important in grasslands but are often overlooked in management and reconstruction efforts. We sampled small mammals in three sites on the Grand Forks Air Force Base (GFAFB) located in central Grand Forks County, North Dakota, USA. The study sites varied in their management history and represented the three major types of grasslands (reconstructed prairie, old field, and hay field) within Grand Forks County. We captured 463 individuals of six species with Sherman live traps in summer (June, July, August) 2014 and 2015. We captured the most individuals and species (295 individuals of 5 species), including all shrews …

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Wood Frogs (Rana Sylvatica) In Southwestern Roberts County And Western Grant County, South Dakota, Dennis R. Skadsen, Drew R. Davis Jan 2020

Wood Frogs (Rana Sylvatica) In Southwestern Roberts County And Western Grant County, South Dakota, Dennis R. Skadsen, Drew R. Davis

The Prairie Naturalist

Historically, only six records of Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica) existed from South Dakota, all represented by museum specimens. A single specimen was collected from Hartford Beach on Big Stone Lake, Roberts County in 1922 (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution [USNM] 65452) and five Wood Frogs were collected near the outlet of Blue Dog Lake, Day County in 1929 (USNM 312618– 312622; Fig. 1). After the 1920s, no other Wood Frogs were reported in South Dakota for the next six decades, and the species was presumed extirpated. Over (1923, 1943) reported the species was common in the …

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Trends In A Greater Prairie Chicken Population Established By Translocation In North Dakota, Gary Huschle, John E. Toepfer Jan 2020

Trends In A Greater Prairie Chicken Population Established By Translocation In North Dakota, Gary Huschle, John E. Toepfer

The Prairie Naturalist

In 1992, an effort was undertaken by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department (NDGFD), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and North Dakota Chapter of the Wildlife Society to reestablish a viable population of greater prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus; hereafter prairie chickens) in northeast North Dakota. The release area was centered on the Prairie Chicken Wildlife Management Area located 22.5 km northwest of Grand Forks, North Dakota, in the northern part of Grand Forks County. Topography consists of poorly drained, saline flats and swells separated by poorly drained swales and sloughs in the Red River Valley (Beringer 1995). Permanent …

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Patterns And Potential Causes Of Changing Winter Bird Distributions In South Dakota, David L. Swanson, Reza Goljani Amirkhiz, Mark D. Dixon Jan 2020

Patterns And Potential Causes Of Changing Winter Bird Distributions In South Dakota, David L. Swanson, Reza Goljani Amirkhiz, Mark D. Dixon

The Prairie Naturalist

Average winter temperatures in the north-central United States have been increasing since the 1970s, and this warming might influence winter distributions of birds in the region. Species potentially influenced by such winter warming include short-distance migrants for which the northern boundary of the winter range is influenced by temperature, such as hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus), yellow-rumped warbler (Setophaga coronata), and fox sparrow (Passerella iliaca). We examined winter records during 1974–2017 from a citizen-science bird observation database for South Dakota to determine recent trends in winter records for these three species. We compared their occurrence patterns with those for three benchmark …

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