Botany Commons^™

Review Of Grasslands And Climate Change By David J. Gibson And Jonathan A. Newman, Neal D. Noemuth

The Prairie Naturalist

The last decade has seen an explosion of information about climate change, some of which is contradictory, much of which is confusing, and the entirety of which is too much for the typical biologist or scientist to assemble and comprehend. This is why reviews such as Grasslands and Climate Change, edited by David Gibson and Jonathan Newman, are so valuable. To produce this review of climate change issues and influences relative to grasslands, Gibson and Newman recruited 30 scientists—predominantly from Europe and North America—who wrote 19 chapters dealing with various aspects of grasslands and climate change. The chapters are grouped …

Qtl Mapping Of Panicle Architecture And Yield-Related Traits Between Two U.S. Rice Cultivars 'Lagrue' And 'Lemont', Adam D. Rice

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Grain yield in rice consists of multiple yield components such as number of panicles/plant, number of tillers/plant, and number of seeds/panicle. Panicle architecture is an important yield trait yield as the number of seeds on a panicle greatly contributes to the overall panicle yield. A QTL analysis and mapping study on panicle architecture and yield-related traits was performed to identify major QTL and candidate genes associated with the traits. The first objective of the project was to do a yield study evaluating 15 agronomic traits between each of the four U.S. rice cultivars, ‘LaGrue’, ‘Lemont’, ‘Bengal’, and ‘Mars’, to determine …

California Vascular Plant Families: A Munz, Hickman, & Baldwin Nomenclator, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Vines In The Neotropics: Phylogenomics, Biogeography And Systematics In Passion Flowers (Passiflora Subgenus Decaloba Section Decaloba), Serena Acha

Dissertations

With 600 species, Passiflora is a large, morphologically complex and broadly distributed genus in Passifloraceae that represents a major challenge to scientists interested in understanding the evolutionary history of tropical vines. Passiflora has been divided into subgenera, super sections and sections. One of the most enigmatic and species-rich (~120 spp.) groups in Passiflora is section Decaloba, which occurs in the Neotropics and is particularly diverse in Andean montane forests. In this study, we used phylogenomic and population genomic approaches to investigate the evolutionary history, biologeography, species boundaries, and taxonomy of Passiflora section Decaloba. We sampled herbarium specimens, extracted …

Rare, Endangered, And Threatened Vascular Plants Of North America: A Bibliography, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

The Families And Genera Of Vascular Plants Of The Conterminous United States, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

The 18O-Signal Transfer From Water Vapour To Leaf Water And Assimilates Varies Among Plant Species And Growth Forms, Marco M. Lehmann, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Cathleen Mirande-Ney, Rosemarie B. Weigt, Leonie Schönbeck, Ansgar Kahmen, Arthur Gessler, Rolf T.W. Siegwolf, Matthias Saurer

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The ¹⁸O signature of atmospheric water vapour (δ¹⁸O_V) is known to be transferred via leaf water to assimilates. It remains, however, unclear how the ¹⁸O‐signal transfer differs among plant species and growth forms. We performed a 9‐hr greenhouse fog experiment (relative humidity ≥ 98%) with ¹⁸O‐depleted water vapour (−106.7‰) on 140 plant species of eight different growth forms during daytime. We quantified the ¹⁸O‐signal transfer by calculating the mean residence time of O in leaf water (MRT_LW) and sugars (MRT_Sugars) and related it to leaf traits and physiological …

Evaluation Of A Global Spring Wheat Panel For Stripe Rust: Resistance Loci Validation And Novel Resources Identification, Ibrahim Elbasyoni, Walid M. El-Orabey, Sabah Morsy, P. S. Baenziger, Zakaria Al Ajlouni4, Ismail M. Dweikat

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Stripe rust (incited by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is airborne wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) disease with dynamic virulence evolution. Thus, anticipatory and continued screening in hotspot regions is crucial to identify new pathotypes and integrate new resistance resources to prevent potential disease epidemics. A global wheat panel consisting of 882 landraces and 912 improved accessions was evaluated in two locations in Egypt during 2016 and 2017. Five prevalent and aggressive pathotypes of stripe rust were used to inoculate the accessions during the two growing seasons and two locations under field conditions. The objectives were to evaluate the panel for …

Metabolic Dynamics Of Developing Rice Seeds Under High Night-Time Temperature Stress, Balpreet K. Dhatt, Nathan Abshire, Puneet Paul, Kalani Hasanthika, Jaspreet Sandhu, Qi Zhang, Toshihiro Obata, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

High temperature stress during rice reproductive development results in yield losses. Reduced grain yield and grain quality has been associated with high temperature stress, and specifically with high night-time temperatures (HNT). Characterizing the impact of HNT on the phenotypic and metabolic status of developing rice seeds can provide insights into the mechanisms involved in yield and quality decline. Here, we examined the impact of warmer nights on the morphology and metabolome during early seed development in six diverse rice accessions. Seed size was sensitive to HNT in four of the six genotypes, while seed fertility and seed weight were unaffected. …

Review Of Great Plains Birds, By Larkin Powell, William E. Jensen

The Prairie Naturalist

Biologists who live in the Great Plains of North America know well the general aspersion cast toward our regional home by those unfamiliar with the region and its natural treasures. Larkin Powell alludes to this all-too-common aspersion and diplomatically dispels it in his ornithological showcase of the Great Plains, simply titled Great Plains Birds. The book is a nice, quick read and a well-composed profile of the region’s avian biogeographical history, its disruptions, conservation remedies, examples of basic bird biology, and tips on how to enjoy the bird life on display in this dynamic region. Having been an ornithologist …

Review Of Birds Of Prey Of The East: A Field Guide By Brian K. Wheeler, Janet W. Ng

The Prairie Naturalist

Brian Wheeler’s new field guide, Birds of Prey of the East, is a well-researched, comprehensive field guide to birds of prey found in eastern Canada and United States. This 13- year labor of love reflects a life spent studying the nuances of North American birds of prey, as well as partnerships with fellow enthusiasts who provided detailed range maps and other valuable inputs. Birds of Prey of the East features 72 color plates of 27 species, including 14 plates for the Redtailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), which can be one of the most challenging species to identify in …

Legacy Effects Of Biodegradable Mulch And Soil Amendments On Vegetable Crops And The Soil, Elise V. H. Reid

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Plastic film mulches are used in horticulture to manage weeds, improve water retention, and increase soil temperature. Bioplastics and biofabrics are potentially sustainable alternatives to plastic film; however, they have different rates of in soil degradation. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a 100% biobased polymer that degrades slowly, but could fulfill organic certification to be soil incorporated. Mater-Bi is a commercially available biodegradable plastic (bioplastic), which degrades quickly, but cannot be incorporated in organic systems. Our objectives were to determine the individual and combined effects of soil amendments and residual mulch on vegetable crop yield and soil fertility. In a two-year …

Ghd8 Controls Rice Photoperiod Sensitivity By Forming A Complex That Interacts With Ghd7, Peng Wang, Rong Gong, Ying Yang, Sibin Yu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Flowering time is one of the most important agronomic characteristics that ultimately determine yield potential and eco-geographical adaptation in crops. Ghd8 and Ghd7, two major flowering genes, have similar functions and large pleiotropic effects in controlling the heading date, plant height and grain yield of rice. However, these gene interactions at the genetic and molecular levels have not been determined to date.

Results: In this study, we investigated the genetic interaction between Ghd8 and Ghd7 by using a set of near-isogenic lines and a panel of natural germplasm accessions in rice. We found that Ghd8 affected multiple agronomic traits …

Application Of Autofluorescence For Confocal Microscopy To Aid In Archaeoparasitological Analyses, Johnica Jo Morrow, Christian Elowsky

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to examine archaeoparasitological specimens from coprolites associated with La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) located near present-day Durango, Mexico. The eggs for 4 different types of parasites recovered from CMC coprolites were imaged using CLSM to assist with identification efforts. While some of the parasite eggs recovered from CMC coprolites were readily identified using standard light microscopy (LM), CLSM provided useful data for more challenging identifications by highlighting subtle morphological features and enhancing visualization of parasite egg anatomy. While other advanced microscopy techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), may also detect …

Molecular Phylogeny Implemented In An Introductory Plant Classification Course, Chao Cai, Jo Ann Banks

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

Plant classification is one of the core components in undergraduate programs related to plant sciences. Traditionally plant classification courses primarily introduce morphology-based taxonomy because of practical needs in the field. However, the publication of new plant classification systems by Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) using molecular phylogeny methods leads to the trends of using molecular evidence (DNA barcode) for plant identification. In our introductory plant classification course, we included a two-week module (lectures and labs) to introduce key concepts and fundamental skills in molecular phylogeny. Week 1 included concepts of evolutionary tree thinking, data mining in NCBI using BLAST search, and …

Beyond The Binary (Part 1): Re-Envisioning The Complexity Of Life History Evolution In The Bromeliaceae With Comparative Data, Rachel Jabaily, Erin Bodine

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Quantifying Pollen Traits To Build A Mathematical Model Of Pollen Competition - A Biologist's Perspective, Rob Swanson, Alex Capaldi

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

A Demographic Model Of The Endangered Florida Native Tillandsia Utriculata, Erin N. Bodine, Zoe S. Brookover, Alexandra Campbell, Brian D. Christman, Sydney L. Davis

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

An Agent-Based Model Of An Endangered Florida Tillansia Utriculata Population, Erin N. Bodine, Alexandra Campbell, Anna C. Kula

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Cytotoxic Xanthones From Hypericum Stellatum, An Ethnomedicine In Southwest China, Yuanyuan Ji, Ruifei Zhang, Chen Zhang, Xingyu Li, Adam Negrin, Chaonan Yuan, Edward J. Kennelly, Chunlin Long

Publications and Research

Hypericum stellatum, a species endemic to China, is used to treat hepatitis by several ethnic groups in Guizhou Province. This research was inspired by the traditional medicinal usage of H. stellatum, and aims to explore the phytochemistry and bioactivity of H. stellatum to explain why local people in Guizhou widely apply H. stellatum for liver protection. In this study, two new prenylated xanthones, hypxanthones A (8) and B (9), together with seven known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of the plant. Spectroscopic data as well as experimental and calculated ECD spectra were used to establish the structures of …

Ethnobotany And Dai Medicine: Herbal Roots, Jasper Tsai

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Xishuangbanna is home to one of the most biologically and culturally diverse regions in China. Dai medicine from the Dai people has been recognized by China as one of the four major ethnic minority medicines. With over 2,500 years of practice, Dai medicine utilizes the herbs found in the diverse region mixed with principles and theories from Buddhism. There have been over 500 unique herbs used in Dai medicine, each with different properties and functions. As Xishuangbanna continues to develop as a city and expand its rubber and banana plantations, it has large impacts on the environment, living standard, education, …

Canavalia And Dolichos Extracts For Sustainable Pest Biocontrol And Plant Nutrition Improvement In El Salvador, Carlos Martinez

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Botanical repellents and pesticides are now being rediscovered as new tools for integrated pest management in order to reduce the use of toxic chemicals in crop production. Canavalia gladiata and Dolichos lablab are two Fabaceae very well adapted to farmlands of El Salvador, effective as living barriers and mostly as cover crops, however, they are not yet very well disseminated. This document describes the potential for using the liquid extracts and the dry flour of raw seeds of those plants for economic benefit and practical convenience for pest management in Salvadorian agriculture under field conditions. Seed extracts were useful when …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2019, J. F. Carlin, R. D. Bond, J. A. Still

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers. The 2019 corn performance tests contained 74 hybrids and were conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC) at Keiser, the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station (LMCRS) near Marianna, the Bell Farming Company near Des Arc, the Rohwer Research Station (RRS) near Rohwer and the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart. The 2019 …

Celebrating Nj Tea’S Unspecialized Pollination, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Specialized pollination systems are the source of some of the most compelling stories in natural history. There is something appealing to the human psyche about what seems to be a reciprocal agreement between a given plant and its dedicated pollinator: the plant attracts a pollinator and provides ample nectar and/or pollen as a reward for the pollinator’s service in moving pollen from anthers to stigmas while foraging for food. Of course, these organisms have neither signed agreements nor memos of understanding. Instead, it has merely proven to the benefit of the plant, over time, to form certain floral structures, and …

Visualizing Nutrient Effects On Root Pattern Formation, Robert E. Zdor

Faculty Publications

This lab gives students hands-on experience with visualizing the root architecture of plants exposed to varying concentrations of the vital nutrient phosphorus. By maintaining Brassica sp. seedlings in the presence of different quantities of phosphate, students can quantify changes in the number of lateral roots as an example of how the environment influences plant pattern formation. Additional variables in the experimental design, such as the use of plant mutants altered in plant regulator action or the presence of plant regulators in the plant growth medium, allow for exploration of how plant growth regulators are involved in root development. The quantitative …

Molecular Systematics Of Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae) In Eastern North America, Peter William Schafran

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae, Isoetales, Lycopodiophyta) is a cosmopolitan genus of aquatic lycophytes, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Of approximately 200 total taxa, about half are in a clade of species mostly occurring in North and South America. Eastern North America accounts for 22% of global taxonomic diversity, containing 32 fertile taxa and 16 named hybrids. This taxonomic diversity is built upon relatively little morphological difference, and even combined with phylogenetic analysis using several nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers, no well-resolved systematic treatment within this clade exists.

This study aims to clarify the relationships between all species and subspecies of Isoëtes …

The Effects Of Citric Acid On Ph And Nutrient Uptake In Wheatgrass (Triticum Aestivum), Cristina Tusei

IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt

No abstract provided.

Dyer, Susan Joan (Spear) (Fa 1326), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text scan of paper (Click on “Additional Files” below) for Folklife Archives Project FA 1326. Student folk studies project titled “’Sengin’: Cultivation of an Endangered Species” about growing and harvesting ginseng in Williamson County, Tennessee. Photos include the growing stages of the ginseng plant, the harvesting process, and related tools.

Steenbergen, Joel (Fa 1325), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text scan of paper (Click on “Additional Files” below) for Folklife Archives Project 1325. Student folk studies project titled “Ginseng: The Wonder of the World,” about the history and folklore of ginseng in the United States, its uses, the harvesting process and tools.

Santa Rosa Island Restoration Study: Fog Fences Vs. No Fences, Aimee Newell, Stephen Bednar, Kathryn Mceachern

STAR Program Research Presentations

Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, was grazed by cattle, sheep, pigs, elk, and deer for 154 years, degrading the island’s vegetation and causing erosion. In 1998, the livestock were removed, and in 2011 the remaining big game animals were removed, allowing ecosystem recovery to begin. This study evaluated growth of two native species planted in 2016, at the cloud forest restoration site on the Soledad Ridge. Baccharis pilularis (coyote brush) was planted as nursery stock from 2-inch pots, while Quercus pacifica (island scrub oak) was planted as sprouted acorns. The plants were watered with drip irrigation 2016-2018, …