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2014

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Articles 121 - 150 of 279

Full-Text Articles in Botany

Detection And Confirmation Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Soybean Seed Isoflavones, Christopher J. Smallwood, Catherine N. Nyinyi, Dean A. Kopsell, Carl E. Sams, Dennis R. West, Pengyin Chen, Stella K. Kantartzi, P. B. Cregan, D. L. Hyten, Vincent R. Pantalone Jan 2014

Detection And Confirmation Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Soybean Seed Isoflavones, Christopher J. Smallwood, Catherine N. Nyinyi, Dean A. Kopsell, Carl E. Sams, Dennis R. West, Pengyin Chen, Stella K. Kantartzi, P. B. Cregan, D. L. Hyten, Vincent R. Pantalone

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Interest in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] isoflavones has increased in recent years owing to numerous reported health benefits. Consequently, quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection for marker-assisted breeding for isoflavones is being examined for genetic gains. This study sought to detect QTL for soybean isoflavones in a population of 274 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between ‘Essex’ and ‘Williams 82’ that were subdivided and tested by maturity (early, mid, and late). The field tests were conducted in three environments in 2009 (Knoxville, TN; Harrisburg, IL; and Stuttgart, AR). The population was genotyped with 480 polymorphic single nucleotide …

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Transcriptomic And Physiological Characterization Of The Fefe Mutant Of Melon (Cucumis Melo) Reveals New Aspects Of Iron-Copper Crosstalk, Brian M. Waters, Samuel A. Mcinturf, Keenan Amundsen Jan 2014

Transcriptomic And Physiological Characterization Of The Fefe Mutant Of Melon (Cucumis Melo) Reveals New Aspects Of Iron-Copper Crosstalk, Brian M. Waters, Samuel A. Mcinturf, Keenan Amundsen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) homeostasis are tightly linked across biology. In previous work, Fe deficiency interacted with Cu-regulated genes and stimulated Cu accumulation. The C940-fe (fefe) Fe-uptake mutant of melon (Cucumis melo) was characterized, and the fefe mutant was used to test whether Cu deficiency could stimulate Fe uptake. Wild-type and fefe mutant transcriptomes were determined by RNA-seq under Fe and Cu deficiency. FeFe-regulated genes included core Fe uptake, metal homeostasis, and transcription factor genes. Numerous genes were regulated by both Fe and Cu. The fefe mutant was rescued by high Fe or by …

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Arabidopsis Lipins, Pdat1 Acyltransferase, And Sdp1 Triacylglycerol Lipase Synergistically Direct Fatty Acids Toward Β-Oxidation, Thereby Maintaining Membrane Lipid Homeostasis, Jilian Fan, Chengshi Yan, Rebecca Roston, John Shanklin, Changcheng Xu Jan 2014

Arabidopsis Lipins, Pdat1 Acyltransferase, And Sdp1 Triacylglycerol Lipase Synergistically Direct Fatty Acids Toward Β-Oxidation, Thereby Maintaining Membrane Lipid Homeostasis, Jilian Fan, Chengshi Yan, Rebecca Roston, John Shanklin, Changcheng Xu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism is a key aspect of intracellular lipid homeostasis in yeast and mammals, but its role in vegetative tissues of plants remains poorly defined. We previously reported that PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (PDAT1) is crucial for diverting fatty acids (FAs) from membrane lipid synthesis to TAG and thereby protecting against FA-induced cell death in leaves. Here, we show that overexpression of PDAT1 enhances the turnover of FAs in leaf lipids. Using the trigalactosyldiacylglycerol1-1 (tgd1-1) mutant, which displays substantially enhanced PDAT1- mediated TAG synthesis, we demonstrate that disruption of SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 (SDP1) TAG lipase or PEROXISOMAL TRANSPORTER1 (PXA1) severely decreases …

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Nelsonioideae (Lamiales: Acanthaceae): Revision Of Genera And Catalog Of Species, Thomas F. Daniel, Lucinda A. Mcdade Jan 2014

Nelsonioideae (Lamiales: Acanthaceae): Revision Of Genera And Catalog Of Species, Thomas F. Daniel, Lucinda A. Mcdade

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A taxonomic account of Acanthaceae subfamily Nelsonioideae based on morphological and phylogenetic data treats five genera with 172 species: Anisosepalum (3), Elytraria (21), Nelsonia (2), Saintpauliopsis (1), and Staurogyne (145). Two other currently recognized genera, Gynocraterium and Ophiorrhiziphyllon, are included within Staurogyne, and the new combinations, Staurogyne guianensis and S. macrobotrya, are proposed. Probable apomorphic and other diagnostic macro- and micromorphological characters are discussed relative to the subfamily and genera. Characters of the inflorescence, androecium (especially pollen), and seed show important phylogenetic and diagnostic signal. A key to genera, generic descriptions and discussions, illustrations, and distribution maps …

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A Reference Genome For Common Bean And Genome-Wide Analysis Of Dual Domestications, Jeremy Schmutz, Phillip E. Mcclean, Sujan Mamidi, G. Albert Wu, Steven B. Cannon, Jane Grimwood, Jerry Jenkins, Shengqiang Shu, Qijian Song, Carolina Chavarro, Mirayda Torres-Torres, Valerie Geffroy, Samira Mafi Moghaddam, Dongying Gao, Brian Abernathy, Kerrie Barry, Matthew Blair, Mark A. Brick, Mansi Chovatia, Paul Gepts, David M. Goodstein, Michael Gonzales, Uffe Hellsten, D. L. Hyten, Gaofeng Jia, James D. Kelly, Dave Kudrna, Rian Lee, Manon M.S. Richard, Phillip N. Miklas, Juan M. Osorno, Josiane Rodrigues, Vincent Thareau, Carlos A. Urrea Florez, Mei Wang, Yeisoo Yu, Ming Zhang, Rod A. Wing, P. B. Cregan, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Scott A. Jackson Jan 2014

A Reference Genome For Common Bean And Genome-Wide Analysis Of Dual Domestications, Jeremy Schmutz, Phillip E. Mcclean, Sujan Mamidi, G. Albert Wu, Steven B. Cannon, Jane Grimwood, Jerry Jenkins, Shengqiang Shu, Qijian Song, Carolina Chavarro, Mirayda Torres-Torres, Valerie Geffroy, Samira Mafi Moghaddam, Dongying Gao, Brian Abernathy, Kerrie Barry, Matthew Blair, Mark A. Brick, Mansi Chovatia, Paul Gepts, David M. Goodstein, Michael Gonzales, Uffe Hellsten, D. L. Hyten, Gaofeng Jia, James D. Kelly, Dave Kudrna, Rian Lee, Manon M.S. Richard, Phillip N. Miklas, Juan M. Osorno, Josiane Rodrigues, Vincent Thareau, Carlos A. Urrea Florez, Mei Wang, Yeisoo Yu, Ming Zhang, Rod A. Wing, P. B. Cregan, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Scott A. Jackson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume for human consumption and has a role in sustainable agriculture owing to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. We assembled 473 Mb of the 587-Mb genome and genetically anchored 98% of this sequence in 11 chromosome-scale pseudomolecules. We compared the genome for the common bean against the soybean genome to find changes in soybean resulting from polyploidy. Using resequencing of 60 wild individuals and 100 landraces from the genetically differentiated Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools, we confirmed 2 independent domestications from genetic pools that diverged before human colonization. …

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Genome Size And Phylogenetic Relationships Between The Tunisian Species Of The Genus Calligonum (Polygonaceae), Hassen Gouja, Alfredo Garcia Fernández, Teresa Garnatje, Aly Raies, Mohamed Neffati Jan 2014

Genome Size And Phylogenetic Relationships Between The Tunisian Species Of The Genus Calligonum (Polygonaceae), Hassen Gouja, Alfredo Garcia Fernández, Teresa Garnatje, Aly Raies, Mohamed Neffati

Turkish Journal of Botany

The species of the genus Calligonum L. (Polygonaceae) that appear in Tunisian deserts play an important role in maintaining local ecosystems and supply important natural resources in these regions. In this study, 31 individuals belonging to the 3 hypothetical species of the genus Calligonum (Calligonum arich Le Houér., Calligonum azel Maire, and Calligonum comosum L'Hér.) were collected from 12 populations in 6 localities of the Tunisian desert and examined to assess the relationship between species. Phylogenetic analyses using 1 nuclear (ITS) and 2 plastid regions (trnL-trnF and rbcL) and genome size assessments are used in this study to evaluate the …

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Campanula Alisan-Kilincii (Campanulaceae), A New Species From Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Hasan Yildirim, Serdar Gökhan Şenol Jan 2014

Campanula Alisan-Kilincii (Campanulaceae), A New Species From Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Hasan Yildirim, Serdar Gökhan Şenol

Turkish Journal of Botany

Campanula alisan-kilincii Yıldırım & Şenol (Campanulaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Malatya Province in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The new species belongs to the section Rupestres, based on morphological features. It is morphologically similar to Campanula quercetorum and C. strigillosa but clearly differs from them based on the morphological differences presented in the species description. In addition, the conservation status, the distribution map, and notes on the biogeography and ecology of the new species are given.

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Glycine Betaine-Induced Lead Toxicity Tolerance Related To Elevated Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzymes Suppressed Lead Uptake And Oxidative Stress In Cotton, Saima Aslam Bharwana, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Ahsan Farooq, Naeem Iqbal, Amjad Hameed, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad Jan 2014

Glycine Betaine-Induced Lead Toxicity Tolerance Related To Elevated Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzymes Suppressed Lead Uptake And Oxidative Stress In Cotton, Saima Aslam Bharwana, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Ahsan Farooq, Naeem Iqbal, Amjad Hameed, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad

Turkish Journal of Botany

Anthropogenic activities contaminate soils with heavy metal concentrations including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr). Pb has higher potential for ready accumulation, sedimentation, and poisoning of the soil than other heavy metals. The present study was conducted to induce Pb tolerance, in solution culture-grown cotton, by exogenous glycinebetaine (GB) application using 3 levels of Pb (0, 50, and 100 µm) and 2 GB levels (0 and 1 mM). The results revealed that Pb stress decreased gas exchange characteristics (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and SPAD value) and the performance of …

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Lichenized And Lichenicolous Fungi Of Gevne Valley (Konya, Antalya), Mustafa Kocakaya, Mehmet Gökhan Halici, Ahmet Aksoy Jan 2014

Lichenized And Lichenicolous Fungi Of Gevne Valley (Konya, Antalya), Mustafa Kocakaya, Mehmet Gökhan Halici, Ahmet Aksoy

Turkish Journal of Botany

The lichen and lichenicolous fungi of Gevne Valley in the provinces of Konya and Antalya are presented. From 47 localities, 215 lichen and 18 lichenicolous fungi are reported for a total 233 infrageneric taxa. Four taxa are new records for Turkey: Lecanora flowersiana H.Magn., L. invadens H.Magn., Psora cerebriformis W.A.Weber, and Rinodina colobinoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Detailed information on these 4 taxa is provided along with photographs.

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Studies On New Fungal Records For Turkish Mycota From Trabzon, Ertuğrul Sesli̇ Jan 2014

Studies On New Fungal Records For Turkish Mycota From Trabzon, Ertuğrul Sesli̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Fungal specimens were collected and photographed between 2010 and 2013 around Trabzon. Ecological observations were made in the field, and the structures of pileipellis, basidia, spores, marginal cells, and hyphae were illuminated in the laboratory. Some dried specimens were compared with British collections in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Finally, Cortinarius parevernius Rob. Henry, Cortinarius tortuosus (Fr.) Fr., Entoloma euchroum (Pers.) Donk, Entoloma lividoalbum (Kühner & Romagn.) Kubicka, Hygrophoropsis morganii (Peck) H.E.Bigelow, Phaeocollybia festiva (Fr.) R.Heim, and Tricholoma viridilutescens M.M.Moser were recorded for the first time for the Turkish Mycota. The new records were illustrated, briefly described, and discussed.

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Potassium Fertilization Mitigates The Adverse Effects Of Drought On Selected Zea Mays Cultivars, Lixin Zhang, Mei Gao, Shengxiu Li, Ashok Kumar Alva, Muhammad Ashraf Jan 2014

Potassium Fertilization Mitigates The Adverse Effects Of Drought On Selected Zea Mays Cultivars, Lixin Zhang, Mei Gao, Shengxiu Li, Ashok Kumar Alva, Muhammad Ashraf

Turkish Journal of Botany

In the present study, the role of potassium (K) in mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress (DS) on 2 maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, 'Shaandan 9' (S_{9}; drought-tolerant) and 'Shaandan 911' (S_{911}; drought-sensitive), was assessed. K application increased dry matter (DM) across all growth stages and grain yield (GY) in both cultivars under DS, but not under control conditions. Drought-tolerant cultivar S_9 was superior to drought-sensitive cultivar S_{911} under DS in terms of DM and GY regardless of K addition. Additionally, K application increased relative water content, nitrate reductase activity, and concentrations of potassium ion, free proline, soluble protein, …

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Biochemical Responses Of Triticale Plants Treated With Uv-B Irradiation And Nutrient Solution Enriched With Humic Acids, Dessislava Todorova, Iskren Sergiev, Irina Moskova, Zornitsa Katerova, Nina Georgieva, Vera Alexieva, Ida Brambilla, Sergio Mapelli Jan 2014

Biochemical Responses Of Triticale Plants Treated With Uv-B Irradiation And Nutrient Solution Enriched With Humic Acids, Dessislava Todorova, Iskren Sergiev, Irina Moskova, Zornitsa Katerova, Nina Georgieva, Vera Alexieva, Ida Brambilla, Sergio Mapelli

Turkish Journal of Botany

A natural substance extracted from coal with humic acids as its active ingredients, namely Biomin, was added to nutrient medium and applied to triticale roots 3 days prior to UV-B irradiation treatment. UV-B treatment increased malondialdehyde and anthocyanin contents and the activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, while it decreased chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and shoot length. Catalase and total phenolics content did not change in UV-B-treated shoots. The pretreatment with Biomin showed favorable effects on growth, decreased the oxidative damage provoked by UV-B irradiation, increased the content of UV-B-absorbing compounds, and positively influenced enzymatic activities. The application of Biomin …

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Bryophyte Flora Of Erciyes Mountain In Turkey, With 6 Bryophyte Records From The Country, Recep Kara, Tülay Ezer, Merve Can Gözcü, Şadi̇ye Gül Bozdoğan Jan 2014

Bryophyte Flora Of Erciyes Mountain In Turkey, With 6 Bryophyte Records From The Country, Recep Kara, Tülay Ezer, Merve Can Gözcü, Şadi̇ye Gül Bozdoğan

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, the bryophyte flora of Erciyes Mountain was investigated. In total, 244 taxa were found in this area. Of these, 9 families, 9 genera, and 11 taxa belong to liverworts and 25 families, 72 genera, and 233 taxa belong to mosses. According to Henderson's grid-square system, 138 bryophyte taxa for the B8 square are new records. Among them, Leiocolea heterocolpos (Thed. ex Hartm.) H.Buch., Scapania obscura (Arn. & Jens.) Schiffn., Schistidium pulchrum H.H.Blom., Tortula lingulata Lindb., Bryum knowltonii Barnes, and Brachythecium capillaceum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Giacom are new records for the bryophyte flora of Turkey. Polytrichastrum sexangulare (Brid.) …

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Flower Closure In The Field Bindweed (Convolvulus Arvensis): A Field Test Of The Pollination Hypothesis, Pavol Prokop, Dominika Neupauerova Jan 2014

Flower Closure In The Field Bindweed (Convolvulus Arvensis): A Field Test Of The Pollination Hypothesis, Pavol Prokop, Dominika Neupauerova

Turkish Journal of Botany

Although the behavioral plasticity of flower traits has received considerable attention, its adaptive value is not thoroughly understood. We experimentally examined flower opening/closure in field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), a species with short flower persistence (1 day) in which adaptive responses to pollination were not previously expected. In line with the pollination hypothesis we suggested that flower exposure in this species should respond to pollination. More specifically, we predicted that flower closure in the pollinated flowers would be quicker than that in unpollinated flowers. As predicted, the unpollinated flowers were open for a longer time than the pollinated flowers. There was …

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Macromycetes Determined In Yomra (Trabzon) District, Ilgaz Akata, Yasi̇n Uzun, Abdullah Kaya Jan 2014

Macromycetes Determined In Yomra (Trabzon) District, Ilgaz Akata, Yasi̇n Uzun, Abdullah Kaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study was carried out on macrofungi samples collected from Yomra district during 2007-2012, and 236 taxa belonging to 58 families were identified. Crocicreas cyathoideum (Bull.) S.E.Carp., Phaeohelotium fagineum (Pers.) Hengstm., and Dacrymyces chrysospermus Berk. & M.A.Curtis are recorded for the first time from Turkey. Calyptella capula (Holmsk.) Quél., Campanella caesia Romagn., and Guepiniopsis buccina (Pers.) L.L.Kenn. are the first members of the genera Calyptella Quél., Campanella Henn., and Guepiniopsis Pat. respectively, in Turkey.

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The Colchic Region As Refuge For Relict Tree Lineages: Cryptic Speciation In Field Maples, Guido W. Grimm, Thomas Denk Jan 2014

The Colchic Region As Refuge For Relict Tree Lineages: Cryptic Speciation In Field Maples, Guido W. Grimm, Thomas Denk

Turkish Journal of Botany

ITS sequences from isolated populations of Acer in the Colchic region allow direct assumptions about the origin, evolution, and radiation of one of the most abundant West Eurasian tree species, Acer campestre L., the field maple. We inferred the molecular evolution of the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of the nuclear-encoded 35S rDNA cistron in Acer campestre using a range of methods including sequence- and distance-based phylogenetic networks and motif analyses. The data basis for our inference are 344 sequenced clones from 51 individuals of A. campestre, essentially covering the modern distribution range of the species, and 27 individuals …

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Nonsense-Mediated Decay Of Sucrose Synthase 1 Mrna With Induced Premature Chain Termination Codon During Cold Acclimation In Winter Wheat, Rita Armoniene, Gintaras Brazauskas Jan 2014

Nonsense-Mediated Decay Of Sucrose Synthase 1 Mrna With Induced Premature Chain Termination Codon During Cold Acclimation In Winter Wheat, Rita Armoniene, Gintaras Brazauskas

Turkish Journal of Botany

Cold acclimation induces the expression of cold-regulated genes needed to protect plants against freezing damage. Fourteen candidate genes were identified as being differentially expressed (presence/absence) between cold acclimated and nonacclimated crown and leaf tissues of 2 winter wheat lines using the cDNA-AFLP method. Two TILLING populations originating from the 2 winter wheat lines were further developed in order to create mutant forms of the candidate genes to verify their role in freezing-tolerance formation. Exon 8 of the identified differentially expressed sucrose synthase 1 (Ss1) gene was chosen for mutation detection by high-resolution melting analysis. A total of 75.68 kb of …

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Identification And Characterization Of A Seed-Specific Grapevine Dehydrin Involved In Abiotic Stress Response Within Tolerant Varieties, Mohsen Hanana, Samia Daldoul, Romain Fouquet, Laurent Deluc, Celine Leon, Michael Hoefer, Francois Barrieu, Abdelwahed Ghorbel Jan 2014

Identification And Characterization Of A Seed-Specific Grapevine Dehydrin Involved In Abiotic Stress Response Within Tolerant Varieties, Mohsen Hanana, Samia Daldoul, Romain Fouquet, Laurent Deluc, Celine Leon, Michael Hoefer, Francois Barrieu, Abdelwahed Ghorbel

Turkish Journal of Botany

To identify and isolate genes related to abiotic stress (salinity and drought) tolerance in grapevine, a candidate gene approach led to the isolation from Cabernet Sauvignon cultivar of a full-length cDNA of dehydrin gene. The latter, named VvDhn, which is highly and mainly induced in late embryogenesis in seeds, encodes for a protein of 124 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 13.3 kDa. Details of the physicochemical parameters and structural properties (molecular mass, secondary structure, conserved domains and motives, and putative posttranslational modification sites) of the encoded protein have also been elucidated. The expression study of VvDhn was …

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Patterns Of Phylogeography And Vicariance Of Chamaerops Humilis L. (Palmae), Juan Luis García-Castaño, Anass Terrab, María Ángeles Ortiz, Tod Falor Stuessy, Salvador Talavera Jan 2014

Patterns Of Phylogeography And Vicariance Of Chamaerops Humilis L. (Palmae), Juan Luis García-Castaño, Anass Terrab, María Ángeles Ortiz, Tod Falor Stuessy, Salvador Talavera

Turkish Journal of Botany

Chamaerops humilis L. is 1 of 2 native palms occurring in Europe and the only native palm in the West Mediterranean region. Our aims were: (1) to describe its phylogeographic structure; (2) to infer a biogeographic scenario to explain its present distribution; and (3) to assess changes in its distribution from the last interglacial period. Twenty-two populations were sampled. An amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis produced 226 fragments, which allowed recognition of 4 groups of populations: (1) E Iberian Peninsula plus Al Hoceima (NE Morocco), the Balearics, and Sardinia; (2) France, the Italian Peninsula, and Sicily; (3) SW Iberian Peninsula …

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Different Meal, Same Flavor: Cospeciation And Host Switching Of Haemosporidian Parasites In Some Non-Passerine Birds, Diego Santiago-Alarcon, Adriana Rodríguez-Ferraro, Patricia Parker, Robert Ricklefs Jan 2014

Different Meal, Same Flavor: Cospeciation And Host Switching Of Haemosporidian Parasites In Some Non-Passerine Birds, Diego Santiago-Alarcon, Adriana Rodríguez-Ferraro, Patricia Parker, Robert Ricklefs

Biology Department Faculty Works

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus(Parahaemoproteus) and Plasmodium) infecting passerine birds have an evolutionary history of host switching with little cospeciation, in particular at low taxonomic levels (e.g., below the family level), which is suggested as the main speciation mechanism of this group of parasites. Recent studies have characterized diverse clades of haemosporidian parasites (H. (Haemoproteus) and H. (Parahaemoproteus)) infecting non-passerine birds (e.g., Columbiformes, Pelecaniiformes). Here, we explore the cospeciation history of H. (Haemoproteus) and H. (Parahaemoproteus) parasites with their non-passerine hosts.MethodsWe sequenced the mtDNA cyt b gene of both haemosporidian parasites and their avian non-passerine hosts. We …

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Overexpression Of Patatin‐Related Phospholipase Aiii Δ Altered Plant Growth And Increased Seed Oil Content In Camelina, Xuemin Wang Jan 2014

Overexpression Of Patatin‐Related Phospholipase Aiii Δ Altered Plant Growth And Increased Seed Oil Content In Camelina, Xuemin Wang

Biology Department Faculty Works

Camelina sativa is a Brassicaceae oilseed species being explored as a biofuel and industrial oil crop. A growing number of studies have indicated that the turnover of phosphatidylcholine plays an important role in the synthesis and modification of triacylglycerols. This study manipulated the expression of a patatin‐related phospholipase AIIIδ (pPLAIII δ) in camelina to determine its effect on seed oil content and plant growth. Constitutive overexpression of pPLAIII δ under the control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic 35S promoter resulted in a significant increase in seed oil content and a decrease in cellulose content. In addition, the content of major …

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Identifying Promising New Falcata Alfalfa Populations For Use In Semiarid Rangelands, Derek Kannenberg Jan 2014

Identifying Promising New Falcata Alfalfa Populations For Use In Semiarid Rangelands, Derek Kannenberg

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a valuable crop worldwide. In addition to its use as forage, the nitrogen fixation capabilities of root nodules make it a valuable component for improving soil health. Unfortunately, the semi-arid region of the Northern Great Plains introduces a number of environmental stresses that are detrimental to stand establishment and persistence. The ability to produce adventitious shoots from roots is generally considered a favorable trait for increasing stress resistance. This study aimed to identify alfalfa populations possessing the ability to produce adventitious shoot from root segments. Seven Plant Introductions (PIs), selected from the National Plant …

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Contents, Discovery Editors Jan 2014

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Shattercane X Als-Tolerant Sorghum F1 Hybrid And Shattercane Interference In Als-Tolerant Sorghum, Rodrigo Werle, Jared J. Schmidt, John Laborde, Angela Tran, Cody F. Creech, John L. Lindquist Jan 2014

Shattercane X Als-Tolerant Sorghum F1 Hybrid And Shattercane Interference In Als-Tolerant Sorghum, Rodrigo Werle, Jared J. Schmidt, John Laborde, Angela Tran, Cody F. Creech, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

ALS-tolerant grain sorghum cultivars are expected to be available for farmers within the next few years. Knowing that: (i) crosses between sorghum and shattercane are likely to occur resulting in crop-to-weed gene flow; (ii) ALS-susceptible shattercane X ALS-tolerant grain sorghum F1 hybrids (hybrids) were ultimately resistant to ALS-herbicides under field conditions; and (iii) hybrid fitness is equal to, or greater than, the wild parent, we conducted a greenhouse study to compare the competitive effect of shattercane and hybrid on sorghum, and whether or not herbicide application would influence the competitive ability of the hybrid …

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Common Sunflower Seedling Emergence Across The U.S. Midwest, Sharon A. Clay, Adam Davis, Anita Dille, John Lindquist, Analiza H. M. Ramirez, Christy Sprague, Graig Reicks, Frank Forcella Jan 2014

Common Sunflower Seedling Emergence Across The U.S. Midwest, Sharon A. Clay, Adam Davis, Anita Dille, John Lindquist, Analiza H. M. Ramirez, Christy Sprague, Graig Reicks, Frank Forcella

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Predictions of weed emergence can be used by practitioners to schedule POST weed management operations. Common sunflower seed from Kansas was used at six Midwestern U.S. sites to examine the variability that 16 climates had on common sunflower emergence. Nonlinear mixed effects models, using a flexible sigmoidal Weibull function that included thermal time, hydrothermal time, and a modified hydrothermal time (with accumulation starting from January 1 of each year), were developed to describe the emergence data. An iterative method was used to select an optimal base temperature (Tb) and base and ceiling soil matric potentials (ψb and …

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Genotyping By Sequencing For Genomic Prediction In A Soybean Breeding Population, Diego Jarquin, Kyle Kocak, Luis Posadas, Katie Hyma, Joseph Jedlicka, George L. Graef, Aaron Lorenz Jan 2014

Genotyping By Sequencing For Genomic Prediction In A Soybean Breeding Population, Diego Jarquin, Kyle Kocak, Luis Posadas, Katie Hyma, Joseph Jedlicka, George L. Graef, Aaron Lorenz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Advances in genotyping technology, such as genotyping by sequencing (GBS), are making genomic prediction more attractive to reduce breeding cycle times and costs associated with phenotyping. Genomic prediction and selection has been studied in several crop species, but no reports exist in soybean. The objectives of this study were (i) evaluate prospects for genomic selection using GBS in a typical soybean breeding program and (ii) evaluate the effect of GBS marker selection and imputation on genomic prediction accuracy. To achieve these objectives, a set of soybean lines sampled from the University of Nebraska Soybean Breeding Program were genotyped using …

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Identification And Validation Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Seed Yield, Oil And Protein Contents In Two Recombinant Inbred Line Populations Of Soybean, Xianzhi Wang, Guo‑Liang Jiang, Marci Green, Roy A. Scott, Qijian Song, D. L. Hyten, P. B. Cregan Jan 2014

Identification And Validation Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Seed Yield, Oil And Protein Contents In Two Recombinant Inbred Line Populations Of Soybean, Xianzhi Wang, Guo‑Liang Jiang, Marci Green, Roy A. Scott, Qijian Song, D. L. Hyten, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean seeds contain high levels of oil and protein, and are the important sources of vegetable oil and plant protein for human consumption and livestock feed. Increased seed yield, oil and protein contents are the main objectives of soybean breeding. The objectives of this study were to identify and validate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seed yield, oil and protein contents in two recombinant inbred line populations, and to evaluate the consistency of QTLs across different environments, studies and genetic backgrounds. Both the mapping population (SD02- 4-59 × A02-381100) and validation population (SD02- 911 × SD00-1501) were phenotyped for …

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Porocercospora Seminalis Gen. Et Comb. Nov., The Causal Organism Of Buffalograss False Smut, Bimal S. Amaradasa, Hugo Madrid, Johannes Z. Groenewald, Pedro W. Crous, Keenan L. Amundsen Jan 2014

Porocercospora Seminalis Gen. Et Comb. Nov., The Causal Organism Of Buffalograss False Smut, Bimal S. Amaradasa, Hugo Madrid, Johannes Z. Groenewald, Pedro W. Crous, Keenan L. Amundsen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

False smut caused by Cercospora seminalis is an important disease of buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) affecting seed production. The pathogen prevents normal caryopsis development and causes considerable yield loss and reduced seed germination. The current taxonomic placement of the false-smut causal pathogen in the genus Cercospora is incorrect based on its morphological characteristics and DNA phylogeny. In the present study the phylogenetic position of C. seminalis is clarified based on DNA sequence analysis of three loci namely the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, partial nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and partial sequences of the RNA polymerase II second largest …

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Salicylic-Acid-Induced Recovery Ability In Salt-Stressed Hordeum Vulgare Plants, Hadi Pirasteh Anosheh, Gholamhassan Ranjbar, Yahya Emam, Muhammad Ashraf Jan 2014

Salicylic-Acid-Induced Recovery Ability In Salt-Stressed Hordeum Vulgare Plants, Hadi Pirasteh Anosheh, Gholamhassan Ranjbar, Yahya Emam, Muhammad Ashraf

Turkish Journal of Botany

The recovery ability of barley plants from salt stress conditions was assessed using foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) in a study conducted under controlled conditions. The barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Reyhan') were subjected to saline water with varying salinity levels (tap water 0.67 dS m^{-1} as control, 3, 6, 9, and 12 dS m^{-1}) from 14 to 42 days after sowing (DAS). Then the plants were subjected to recovery treatments for 4 weeks, from 42 to 70 DAS. The recovery treatments included: non-recovery (R_0), irrigation with tap water (R_1), and irrigation with tap water + 2 foliar applications …

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A Comparative Study Of Taxonomy, Physicochemical Parameters, And Chemical Constituents Of Ganoderma Lucidum And G. Philippii From Uttarakhand, India, Ranjeet Singh, Gurpaul Singh Dhingra, Richa Shri Jan 2014

A Comparative Study Of Taxonomy, Physicochemical Parameters, And Chemical Constituents Of Ganoderma Lucidum And G. Philippii From Uttarakhand, India, Ranjeet Singh, Gurpaul Singh Dhingra, Richa Shri

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genus Ganoderma consists of cosmopolitan polypore mushrooms, many of which can cause different types of rots in plants. Many species of this genus are being used for their medicinal and nutraceutical properties in many countries. The present study provides a comparative evaluation of taxonomy, physicochemical parameters, and chemical constituents of Ganoderma lucidum and G. philippii collected from different localities of Uttarakhand, India. The macroscopic and microscopic characters on the basis of which G. lucidum differs from G. philippii include habit, external basidiocarp characteristics, context, pore tube layers and pores, cutis type, and shape and size of basidiospores. The fruiting …

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