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2006

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Articles 61 - 90 of 185

Full-Text Articles in Botany

Estimates Of Breeding Bird Populations In The Sheyenne National Grassland, North Dakota, Mary Ann Cunningham, Douglas Johnson, Daniel N. Svingen Mar 2006

Estimates Of Breeding Bird Populations In The Sheyenne National Grassland, North Dakota, Mary Ann Cunningham, Douglas Johnson, Daniel N. Svingen

The Prairie Naturalist

We conducted a two-year survey of breeding birds in the Sheyenne National Grassland, North Dakota, to estimate total populations of breeding birds. The Grassland is of interest because it provides wildlife habitat and recreational birding opportunities. Indicated breeding pairs were counted on 100-m wide belt transects during morning surveys from late May to early July in 2002 and 2003. We surveyed approximately 6 to 7% of the Grassland each year. The most abundant species in both years were grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), claycolored sparrow (Spizella pallida), Savannah sparrow (Passerculus …

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Effects Of Predator Removal On Upland Nesting Ducks In North Dakota Grassland Fragments, Kristen D. Chodachek, Michael J. Chamberlain Mar 2006

Effects Of Predator Removal On Upland Nesting Ducks In North Dakota Grassland Fragments, Kristen D. Chodachek, Michael J. Chamberlain

The Prairie Naturalist

Low nest success rates in the Prairie Pothole Region are attributed mainly to changes in the predator community coupled with reductions in availability of suitable nesting cover. We evaluated effects of removal of mammalian predators on pair density and nest success of ducks nesting on 259 ha sites in northeastern North Dakota during 2001 and 2002. We monitored pair density and duck nests on 10 sites with removal and 10 sites without removal. Overall nest success for both years was greater on trapped (53.4%) than nontrapped sites (28.7%). Pair densities were not affected by predator removal, but did increase across …

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Molecular Phylogenetics Of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) And The Evolution Of Leaflessness, Barbara Carlsward, W. Whitten, Norris Williams, Benny Bytebier Jan 2006

Molecular Phylogenetics Of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) And The Evolution Of Leaflessness, Barbara Carlsward, W. Whitten, Norris Williams, Benny Bytebier

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Members of tribe Vandeae (Orchidaceae) form a large, antropical clade of horticulturally important epiphytes. Monopodial leafless members of Vandeae have undergone extreme eduction in habit and represent a novel adaptation to the canopy environment in tropical Africa, Asia, and America. To study the evolution of monopodial leaflessness, molecular and structural evidence was used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses for Vandeae. Molecular analyses used sequence data from ITS nrDNA, trnL-F plastid DNA, and matK plastid DNA. Maximum parsimony analyses of these three DNA regions each supported two subtribes within monopodial Vandeae: Aeridinae and a combined Angraecinae þ Aerangidinae. Adding structural characters to …

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Plants & Civilization; An Introduction To The Interrelationships Of Plants And People, James P. Smith Jr Jan 2006

Plants & Civilization; An Introduction To The Interrelationships Of Plants And People, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

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The Fossil Record Of Basal Monocots, Ruth A. Stockey Jan 2006

The Fossil Record Of Basal Monocots, Ruth A. Stockey

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The fossil record of basal monocots (Acorales and Alismatales) extends back to the Cretaceous in the Northern Hemisphere. While many fossils were originally assigned to these basal groups, rigorous paleobotanical studies show many of them to be misidentified. Acarus fossils have been reliably reported from the Eocene while those of Alismatales extend back to the early Cretaceous. The fossil record of basal monocots is usually represented by leaves, fruits, and seeds; however, some localities preserve stems with attached leaves and roots and even whole plants. A detailed examination of leaf venation patterns in alismatids has recently allowed the description of …

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Aperture Pattern And Microsporogenesis In Asparagales, Sophie Nadot, Laurent Penet, Leanne D. Dreyer, Arlette Forchioni, Adrienne Ressayre Jan 2006

Aperture Pattern And Microsporogenesis In Asparagales, Sophie Nadot, Laurent Penet, Leanne D. Dreyer, Arlette Forchioni, Adrienne Ressayre

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The aperture pattern of pollen grains is a character defined as the number, shape, and position of apertures. Although this character is highly variable in angiosperms, two states are particularly widespread. Pollen grains with one polar aperture occur frequently in basal angiosperms and monocots while tricolpate pollen is a synapomorphy of the eudicots. Many morphological characters are the result of a compromise between selective forces (acting on morphology) and developmental constraints (limiting the range of possible morphologies). To investigate what are the respective roles of development and selection in the determination of aperture pattern in angiosperms, we have chosen to …

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The Operculum In Pollen Of Monocotyledons, Carol A. Furness, Paula J. Rudall Jan 2006

The Operculum In Pollen Of Monocotyledons, Carol A. Furness, Paula J. Rudall

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Within monocotyledons, monosulcate pollen is the predominant type and probably represents the plesiomorphic condition, but considerable variation occurs in sulcus morphology. An operculum is an exine thickening that covers most of an aperture. Monocot opercula are usually associated with sulci, although they can occur in ulcerate apertures, as in Poaceae. There are several other aperture types closely related to the monosulcate-operculate type, and confusion occurs in the palynological literature between monosulcate-operculate, pontoperculate, disulculate, disulcate, and zona-aperturate (zonasulculate or zonasulcate) pollen. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the distribution of the thick apertural intine and to accurately identify these …

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Robust Inference Of Monocot Deep Phylogeny Using An Expanded Multigene Plastid Data Set, Sean W. Grahan, Jessie M. Zgurski, Marc A. Mcpherson, Donna M. Cherniawsky, Jeffery M. Saarela, Elvira F. C. Horne, Selena Y. Smith, Winson A. Young, Heath E. O'Brien, Vincent L. Brown, J. Chris Pires, Richard G. Olmstead, Mark W. Chase, Hardeep S. Rai Jan 2006

Robust Inference Of Monocot Deep Phylogeny Using An Expanded Multigene Plastid Data Set, Sean W. Grahan, Jessie M. Zgurski, Marc A. Mcpherson, Donna M. Cherniawsky, Jeffery M. Saarela, Elvira F. C. Horne, Selena Y. Smith, Winson A. Young, Heath E. O'Brien, Vincent L. Brown, J. Chris Pires, Richard G. Olmstead, Mark W. Chase, Hardeep S. Rai

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

We use multiple photosynthetic, chlororespiratory, and plastid translation apparatus loci and their associated noncoding regions (ca. 16 kb per taxon, prior to alignment) to make strongly supported inferences of the deep internal branches of monocot phylogeny. Most monocot relationships are robust (an average of ca. 91 % bootstrap support per branch examined), including those poorly supported or unresolved in other studies. Our data strongly support a sister-group relationship between Asparagales and the commelinid monocots, the inclusion of the orchids in Asparagales, and the status of Petrosaviaceae as the sister group of all monocots except Acorus and Alismatales. The latter finding …

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Vegatative Architecture Of Desiccation-Tolerant Arborescent Monocotyledons, Stefan Porembski Jan 2006

Vegatative Architecture Of Desiccation-Tolerant Arborescent Monocotyledons, Stefan Porembski

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Within the monocotyledons the acquisition of the tree habit is enhanced by either primary growth of the axis or a distinctive mode of secondary growth. However, a few arborescent monocotyledons deviate from this pattern in developing trunks up to four meters high that resemble those of tree ferns, i.e., their "woody-fibrous" stems consist mainly of persistent leaf bases and adventitious roots. This type of arborescent monocotyledon occurs in both tropical and temperate regions and is found within Boryaceae (Borya), Cyperaceae (Afrotrilepis, Bulbostylis, Coleochloa, Microdracoides), and Velloziaceae (e.g., Vellozia, Xerophyta). They have developed in geographically widely separated regions …

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Systematics Of Xanthorrhoeaceae Sensu Lato, With An Emphasis On Bulbine, Dion S. Devey, Ilia Leitch, J. Chris Pires, Yohan Pillon, Mark W. Chase Jan 2006

Systematics Of Xanthorrhoeaceae Sensu Lato, With An Emphasis On Bulbine, Dion S. Devey, Ilia Leitch, J. Chris Pires, Yohan Pillon, Mark W. Chase

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

We provide here results of a combined analysis of plastid genes rbcL, matK, and ndhF for Xanthorrhoeaceae s.l., the Asphodelaceae/Xanthorrhoeaceae/Hemerocallidaceae clade, which are well supported by the DNA data. Xanthorrhoea (often treated as the sole member of Xanthorrhoeaceae) is sister to the hemerocallid clade (former Hemerocallidaceae); and the asphodelid clade (formerly Asphodelaceae) is sister to them both. For additional species of Bulbine and Jodrellia (both Asphodeloideae), we also collected rps16 intron and ITS nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences to better assess their relationships. Bulbine, with Jodrellia, embedded are sister to the collective genera of subfamily Alooideae in …

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Molecular Phylogenetics Of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) And The Evolution Of Leaflessness, Barbara S. Carlsward, W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams, Benny Bytebier Jan 2006

Molecular Phylogenetics Of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) And The Evolution Of Leaflessness, Barbara S. Carlsward, W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams, Benny Bytebier

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Members of tribe Vandeae (Orchidaceae) form a large, antropical clade of horticulturally important epiphytes. Monopodial leafless members of Vandeae have undergone extreme eduction in habit and represent a novel adaptation to the canopy environment in tropical Africa, Asia, and America. To study the evolution of monopodial leaflessness, molecular and structural evidence was used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses for Vandeae. Molecular analyses used sequence data from ITS nrDNA, trnL-F plastid DNA, and matK plastid DNA. Maximum parsimony analyses of these three DNA regions each supported two subtribes within monopodial Vandeae: Aeridinae and a combined Angraecinae þ Aerangidinae. Adding structural characters to …

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Placing The Monocots: Conflicting Signal From Trigenomic Analyses, Melvin R. Duvall, Sarah Matthews, Neill Mohammad, Tammy Russel Jan 2006

Placing The Monocots: Conflicting Signal From Trigenomic Analyses, Melvin R. Duvall, Sarah Matthews, Neill Mohammad, Tammy Russel

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Despite recent significant advances in understanding angiosperm phylogeny, the position of monocots remains uncertain. We present here a phylogeny inferred from four genes that unambiguously unite monocots with eumagnoliids. A well-supported position for the monocots was obtained only after we replaced the available nuclear 18S rDNA sequence data with data from phytochrome C in a matrix that also included plastid rbcL and ndhF and mitochondrial atp1. Over 5000 base pairs of sequence data from 42 taxa were analyzed using Bayesian inference. The results of these analyses united monocots with the eumagnoliids in a well-supported clade. Although the …

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Perianth Development In The Basal Monocot Triglochin Maritima (Juncaginaceae), Matyas Buzgo, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Sangtae Kim, Hong Ma, Bernard A. Hauser, Jim Lebens-Mack, Bo Johansen Jan 2006

Perianth Development In The Basal Monocot Triglochin Maritima (Juncaginaceae), Matyas Buzgo, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Sangtae Kim, Hong Ma, Bernard A. Hauser, Jim Lebens-Mack, Bo Johansen

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Basal monocots exhibit considerable variation in inflorescence and floral structure. In some cases, such as Triglochin maritima, it is not clear whether the lateral and terminal structures of the inflorescence are flowers or pseudanthia, or where the limits between flowers and inflorescence lie. To address these questions, morphological studies were carried out, and the results show that in T. maritima both terminal and lateral structures are flowers, not pseudanthia. The terminal flower of T. maritima develops from the apical inflorescence meristem, suggesting that the apical meristem identity changes from "inflorescence" to "flower" during inflorescence development. In addition, distal flowers …

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Patterns Of Floral Structure And Orientation In Japonolirion , Narthecium, And Tofieldia, Margarita V. Remizowa, Dmitry D. Sokoloff, Paula J. Rudall Jan 2006

Patterns Of Floral Structure And Orientation In Japonolirion , Narthecium, And Tofieldia, Margarita V. Remizowa, Dmitry D. Sokoloff, Paula J. Rudall

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Floral evolution requires reassessment in basal monocots, including species formerly assigned to Melanthiaceae, in the light of recent developments in the molecular phylogenetics of monocots. We have investigated flowers of Tofieldia (Tofieldiaceae), Japonolirion (Petrosaviaceae), and Narthecium (Nartheciaceae). We confirm Engler's (1888) hypothesis that orientation of lateral flowers in monocots is dependent on presence and position of additional phyllomes on the pedicel. The type of floral orientation that occurs in Tofieldia is unusual for monocots, since the additional phyllomes are represented by calyculus scales rather than a bracteole, and the outer whorl tepals are initiated alternating with the calyculus scales. In …

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Recommendations And Goals For Evo-Devo Research, Michael J. Frohlich Jan 2006

Recommendations And Goals For Evo-Devo Research, Michael J. Frohlich

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The rapidly growing field of evolutionary-developmental biology (evo-devo) arises from the fusion of formerly disjunct scientific disciplines that traditionally generate very different scientific products. What should the scientific product of evo-devo be? I propose it should be a testable evolutionary scenario. Evolutionary scenarios have suffered eclipse and even opprobrium in recent years, but analysis of genes that control development may make evo-devo scenarios testable, hence scientifically valid. Hypothesis-based studies are more likely than descriptive studies to generate testable evolutionary scenarios. Candidate-gene studies are risky if only one or a few genes are known in the pathway that is putatively responsible …

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Further Evidence For Seed Size Variation In The Genus Zostera: Exploratory Studies With Z. Japonica And Z. Asiatica, Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria, Victoria R. Wyllie-Echeverria, Algernon C. Churchill, Paul A. Cox Jan 2006

Further Evidence For Seed Size Variation In The Genus Zostera: Exploratory Studies With Z. Japonica And Z. Asiatica, Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria, Victoria R. Wyllie-Echeverria, Algernon C. Churchill, Paul A. Cox

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Recent studies found seed size variation within the seagrass Zostera marina, one of nine species in the genus Zostera. The objectives of this study were to determine if variation also exists in the seeds of two other species Zostera japonica and Zostera asiatica within this genus. Results indicate that: (1) length and weight varied between two populations (one indigenous population from Akkeshi-Ko, Japan, and one exotic population from Willapa Bay, Washington, USA) of the small-bodied intertidal seagrass species Z. japonica, and (2) seed-size classes were discernable. Preliminary investigations were also initiated with a Japanese population of Z. asiatica …

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Genomic Resources For Asparagales, Michael J. Havey, Kenneth C. Sink, Maria Jenderek, Christopher D. Town Jan 2006

Genomic Resources For Asparagales, Michael J. Havey, Kenneth C. Sink, Maria Jenderek, Christopher D. Town

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Enormous genomic resources have been developed for plants in the monocot order Poales; however, it is not known how useful these resources will be for other economically important monocots. Asparagales are a monophyletic order sister to class Commelinanae that carries Poales, and is the second most economically important monocot order. Development of genomic resources for and their application to Asparagales are challenging because of huge nuclear genomes and the relatively long generation times required to develop segregating families. We synthesized a normalized eDNA library of onion (Allium cepa) and produced II ,008 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for …

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Phylogeny Of Agavaceae Based On Ndhf, Rbcl, And Its Sequences, David J. Bogler, J. Chris Pires, Javier Francisco-Ortega Jan 2006

Phylogeny Of Agavaceae Based On Ndhf, Rbcl, And Its Sequences, David J. Bogler, J. Chris Pires, Javier Francisco-Ortega

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Great advances have been made in our understanding of the phylogeny and classification of Agavaceae in the last 20 years. In older systems Agavaceae were paraphyletic due to overemphasis of ovary position or habit. Discovery of a unique bimodal karyotype in Agave and Yucca eventually led to a reexamination of concepts and relationships in all the lilioid monocots, which continues to the present day. Developments in cytogenetics, microscopy, phylogenetic systematics, and most recently DNA technology have led to remarkable new insights. Large-scale rbcL sequence studies placed Agavaceae with the core Asparagales and identified closely related taxa. Analysis of cpDNA …

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Phylogeny And New Intrageneric Classification Of Allium (Alliaceae) Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Dna Its Sequences, Nikolai Friesen, Reinhard M. Fritsch, Frank R. Blattner Jan 2006

Phylogeny And New Intrageneric Classification Of Allium (Alliaceae) Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Dna Its Sequences, Nikolai Friesen, Reinhard M. Fritsch, Frank R. Blattner

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA was sequenced from 195 representative species of Allium, two species of Nothoscordum, and one species each of lpheion, Dichelostemma, and Tulbaghia. Within the Allium species the lengths of the ITS regions were in a range from 612 to 661 base pairs and pairwise genetic distances reached up to 46%. The ITS data supported the inclusion of Nectaroscordum, Caloscordum, and Milula into Allium. Subgenera Rhizirideum and Allium, as well as sects. Reticulatobulbosa and Oreiprason were non-monophyletic taxa. Based on the phylogenetic relations, a new classification of genus Allium consisting of 15 …

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Patterns In Evolution In Characters That Define Iris Subgenera And Sections, Carol A. Wilson Jan 2006

Patterns In Evolution In Characters That Define Iris Subgenera And Sections, Carol A. Wilson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Subgeneric groups have been circumscribed in Iris based on a small number of morphological characters. Recent DNA sequence data has indicated that several of the subgenera, sections, and series that have previously been delineated are paraphyletic or polyphyletic. The evolution of characters that have traditionally been used to distinguish sub generic and sectional groups within Iris was investigated by mapping these characters on a phylogenetic tree based on matK sequence data. Results indicate that rhizomes are pleisomorphic for the genus and that three bulb types have arisen independently. My analysis shows that sepal beards, sepal crests, and seed arils …

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The Role Of Phylogenetic Constraints In The Evolution Of Pollination Mechanisms In Iridaceae Of Sub-Saharan Africa, Peter Bernhardt, Peter Goldblatt Jan 2006

The Role Of Phylogenetic Constraints In The Evolution Of Pollination Mechanisms In Iridaceae Of Sub-Saharan Africa, Peter Bernhardt, Peter Goldblatt

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Novel, specialized systems exploiting bibionid flies, oil-collecting bees, wasps, or crepuscular settling moths as pollen vectors are added to the range of recorded pollination mechanisms in sub-Saharan Africa Iridaceae, while knowledge of the pollination of previously understudied genera such as Aristea, Bahiana, Ferraria, Hesperantha, and Tritoniopsis is expanded. The pollination of 357 species of the sub-Saharan African Iridaceae now includes 17 discrete systems. Based on repetitive interlinked suites of floral attractants and rewards we now infer pollination mechanisms for an additional 883 species. Many pollination systems recur in genera containing > 10 species. The ancestral pollination in African Iridaceae, and …

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A Comparison And Combination Of Plastid Atpb And Rbcl Gene Sequences For Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships Within Orchidaceae, Kenneth M. Cameron Jan 2006

A Comparison And Combination Of Plastid Atpb And Rbcl Gene Sequences For Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships Within Orchidaceae, Kenneth M. Cameron

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Parsimony analyses of DNA sequences from the plastid genes atpB and rbcL were completed for 173 species of Orchidaceae (representing 150 different genera) and nine genera from outgroup families in Asparagales. The atpB tree topology is similar to the rbcL tree, although the atpB data contain less homoplasy and provide greater jackknife support than rbcL alone. In combination, the two-gene tree recovers five monophyletic clades corresponding to subfamilies within Orchidaceae, and fully resolves them with moderate to high jackknife support as follows: Epidendroideae are sister to Orchidoideae, followed by Cypripedioideae, then Vanilloideae, and with …

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Molecular Phylogentics Systematics In Dendrobieae (Orchidaceae), Mark A. Clements Jan 2006

Molecular Phylogentics Systematics In Dendrobieae (Orchidaceae), Mark A. Clements

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Molecular systematic research, using DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18-26S nuclear ribosomal repeat unit, was conducted on a broadly representative sample of the tribe Dendrobieae. The results provide independent support, in addition to evidence from plastid DNA analysis and morphology, for the phylogenetic reassessment of the taxon. At a broad level, Dendrobieae are polyphyletic with Dendrobium sect. Oxystophyllum being deeply embedded within one of the outgroup taxa, subtribe Eriinae: Podochileae. The remaining taxa form a weakly supported monophyletic group consisting of three major clades, Epigeneium, sister to predominantly Asian and Australasian clades. This author …

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Subtribal Relationships In Tribe Tradescantieae (Commelinaceae)Based On Molecular And Morphological Data, Dylan J. Wade, Timothy M. Evans, Robert B. Faden Jan 2006

Subtribal Relationships In Tribe Tradescantieae (Commelinaceae)Based On Molecular And Morphological Data, Dylan J. Wade, Timothy M. Evans, Robert B. Faden

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Tribe Tradescantieae (Commelinaceae) consists of seven subtribes and 25 genera. Previous attempts to evaluate phylogenetic relationships within the group using morphology or the chloroplast-encoded rbcL have either been highly homoplasious (morphology) or provided only weak support for subtribal relationships due to insufficient variability (rbcL). In this study, phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence data from the chloroplast-encoded ndhF and rbcL genes, as well as 47 morphological and anatomical characters, were used to evaluate relationships within and among the subtribes of Tradescantieae. The addition of ndhF resulted in a more highly resolved phylogeny and greater bootstrap …

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Systematic Floral Anatomy Of Pontederiaceae, Michael G. Simpson, Darren H. Burton Jan 2006

Systematic Floral Anatomy Of Pontederiaceae, Michael G. Simpson, Darren H. Burton

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Twenty species of Pontederiaceae and six species of the outgroup families Haemodoraceae and Philydraceae were investigated with regard to floral anatomy, using standard histological methods and graphic reconstructions. Variation is described in several features, including functional carpel number, the distribution of floral aerenchyma, the presence of unusual floral epithelial cells, the presence, type, and distribution of tannin cells, crystal type and distribution, aspects of placentation, ovule number, number of ovule rows per carpel, and septal nectary presence. In order to better assess character homology, one of these features, placentation, was divided into three discrete characters: septal fusion, placenta position, and …

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A Molecular Phylogenetic Study Of Generic And Subgeneric Relationships In The Southwest Australian Endemics Conostylis And Blancoa (Haemodoraceae), Stephen D. Hopper, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay Jan 2006

A Molecular Phylogenetic Study Of Generic And Subgeneric Relationships In The Southwest Australian Endemics Conostylis And Blancoa (Haemodoraceae), Stephen D. Hopper, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

We sequenced the plastid gene matK and the nuclear ribosomal spacer ITS for 39 of the 47+ species of Conostylis as well as its monotypic sister genus Blancoa, which some authors have included within Conostylis. Conostylis received 99% bootstrap support as monophyletic, with 100% support that Blancoa is its sister. Within Conostylis, the study provides strong support for two large sister clades, which we refer to as clades A (100%) and B (99%). Clade A consists of C. subgen. Conostylis plus the recently discovered C. glabra of C. subgen. Pendula sect. Divaricata (100%), and C. subgen. Pendula sect. Appendicula (100%). …

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Phylogenetics Of Liliales, Michael F. Fay, Mark W. Chase, Nina Rønsted, Dion S. Devey, Yohan Pillon, J. Chris Pires, Gitte Peterson, Ole Seberg, Jerrold I. Davis Jan 2006

Phylogenetics Of Liliales, Michael F. Fay, Mark W. Chase, Nina Rønsted, Dion S. Devey, Yohan Pillon, J. Chris Pires, Gitte Peterson, Ole Seberg, Jerrold I. Davis

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

In order to investigate interfamilial relationships of Liliales we analyzed a combined matrix of plastid rbcL, trnL intron, trnL-F intergenic spacer, matK, and ndhF, and mitochondrial atp1 DNA sequences. The results are generally congruent with previous broad analyses and provide higher bootstrap support for many relationships. Important changes relative to previous studies are the recognition of Petermanniaceae distinct from Colchicaceae and the tentative inclusion of Corsiaceae in the order. This brings the number of families in the order from nine to eleven. The additional data presented here strengthen the case for including Uvulariaceae in …

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Population Demography And Herbivory Of Trillium Grandiflorum, Thomas P. Rooney, Kendra C. Millam Jan 2006

Population Demography And Herbivory Of Trillium Grandiflorum, Thomas P. Rooney, Kendra C. Millam

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Numerous pedicellate and sessile Trillium species are endemic to eastern North America, where white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations have been growing in recent decades. Deer feed on Trillium plants, and because they often consume all leaves and flowers, the photosynthetic capacity of browsed plants is greatly diminished. To determine if deer can influence Trillium population dynamics, we review two recent studies that applied matrix population models to understand how deer browsing affects Trillium grandijlorum. Research conducted in the Great Lakes region indicated Trillium populations in which 6-12% plants were browsed declined 3.6% per year. Simulations show that …

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Missing Links Between Disjunct Populations Of Androcymbium (Colchicaceae) In Africa Using Chloroplast Dna Noncoding Sequences, Alberto Del Hoyo, Joan Pedrola-Monfort Jan 2006

Missing Links Between Disjunct Populations Of Androcymbium (Colchicaceae) In Africa Using Chloroplast Dna Noncoding Sequences, Alberto Del Hoyo, Joan Pedrola-Monfort

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

With the objective of clarifying some aspects of the biogeography, phylogeny, and taxonomy of the genus Androcymbium, we sequenced three chloroplastic DNA noncoding regions (trnL intron, trnL-trnF IGS, and trnY-trnD IGS). These data were analyzed with maximum parsimony and the ancestral areas methods following Bremer. Results show that Androcymbium is not monophyletic and that the origin of its distribution and speciation is situated in western South Africa. Later, it dispersed to North Africa, going first to eastern South Africa. Androcymbium austrocapense and A. roseum allow us to phylogenetically connect the species of …

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Gondwanan Vicariance Or Dispersal In The Tropics? The Biogeographic History Of The Tropical Monocot Family Costaceae (Zingiberales), Chelsea D. Specht Jan 2006

Gondwanan Vicariance Or Dispersal In The Tropics? The Biogeographic History Of The Tropical Monocot Family Costaceae (Zingiberales), Chelsea D. Specht

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Costaceae are a pantropical family, distinguished from other families within the order Zingiberales by their spiral phyllotaxy and showy labellum comprised of five fused staminodes. While the majority of Costaceae species are found in the neotropics, the pantropical distribution of the family as a whole could be due to a number of historical biogeographic scenarios, including continental-drift mediated vicariance and long-distance dispersal events. Here, the hypothesis of an ancient Gondwanan distribution followed by vicariance via continental drift as the leading cause of the current pantropical distribution of Costaceae is tested, using molecular dating of cladogenic events combined with phylogeny-based biogeographic …

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