Botany Commons^™

Cytohistological Abnormalities Associated With The Gene "Pigmy" (Py-1) In The Primary Root Tip Of Corn (Zea Mays L.), Michael Byer

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

False Smut Of Buffalograss, John L. Weihing

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

False smut of buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., caused by Cercospora seminalis Ell. & Ev. is a disease that destroys the unfertilized ovary. The disease was first reported by J. B. Ellis and B. M. Everhart in 1888. They gave only a brief description of the disease and named the causal fungus Cercospora seminalis. There are no etiological studies of false smut recorded in the literature. The origin of the term "false smut" is unknown to the author, but it so descriptively fits the general appearances of the disease that one readily understands its usage. The following studies were …

Introduced Forage Grasses For Nebraska, F. D. Keim, L. C. Newell

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

This circular presents illustrations, descriptions and recommended usage of fourteen introduced cultivated grasses that are worthy of practical consideration in Nebraska. Most of them can easily be identified by comparing plant specimens with the illustrations and descriptions. This circular has been prepared for use by farmers, county agricultural agents, teachers and others who are interested in our most important grasses. Station Circular 59 contains information and illustrations of the more common native perennial grasses of Nebraska.

Microorganisms And Soil Structure, T. M. Mccalla

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

SUMMARY

Laboratory tests were made to determine the effectiveness of different compounds and microbial groups in increasing the stability of Peorian loess lumps against the action of falling water drops. The influence of these on percolation tests in the laboratory was also determined.

Many organic substances-dextrose, sucrose, starch, peptone, cullulose, and gum arabic-did not themselves contribute directly to soil-structure stability, though these substances do furnish energy material for soil microorganisms, which can convert them readily into either microbial tissue or decomposition products that increase soil-structure stability. Lignin, proteins, oils, fats, waxes, resin, and paraffin increased the stability of lumps of …

Manual Of The Grasses Of The United States, Second Edition, A. S. Hitchcock, Agnes Chase

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

By the late A. S. HITCHCOCK (died December 16, 1935), principal botanist, Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction; second edition revised by AGNES CHASE, formerly senior botanist and later collaborator, Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agnculturat Engineering, Agricultural Research Administration, and research associate, United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

Of all the plants of the earth the grasses are of the greatest use to the human race. To the grasses belong the cereals, sugarcane, sorghum, and the bamboos; and, since they furnish the bulk of the forage for domestic animals, the grasses are …

The Structure And Reproduction Of Corn, T. A. Kiesselbach

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The primary purpose of this paper is to summarize investigations concerning the structure and reproduction of the corn plant (Zea mays L.). Because of wide interest in the reproductive process in connection with breeding and genetic studies the floral development, fertilization, and embryology are especially stressed. The morphology and development of the vegetative organs is also included. The botanical relationship, origin, genetics and breeding of corn are briefly considered.

Pollination Cycles And Pollen Dispersal In Relation To Grass Improvement, Melvin D. Jones, L. C. Newell

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The plant breeder is initially concerned with gaining a knowledge of the breeding behavior of his plant materials in order that improvement may be undertaken effectively. It is important to know the different characteristic pollination habits of these plants. To develop and apply techniques applicable to the improvement of a given grass crop, it is desirable to know the time of day and the number of days that the grass sheds pollen. The effects of temperature, humidity, light, and wind on pollination must be considered. Once superiority of germplasm is obtained, the most important consideration is the maintenance of this …

The Relations Of Vegetative Composition And Cattle Grazing On Nebraska Range Land, T. E. Brinegar, F. D. Keim

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The objectives of the studies reported in this paper were: (1) to obtain an analysis of the vegetation in tall and short grass range lands, (2) to observe the activities of cattle on the range, and (3) to determine the effects of grazing upon vegetation.

Vegetative Composition And Grazing Capacity Of A Typical Area Of Nebraska Sandhill Range Land, A. L. Frolik, W. O. Shepherd

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The sandhill area of Nebraska occupies approximately 20,000 square miles of the central portion of the state. Being unadapted to cultivation, the land is for the most part still covered with native vegetation. It is utilized primarily for the production of livestock, chiefly cattle. During the period 1931 to 1938 the sandhills carried annually an average of 1,041,000 cattle, which amounted to 31 per cent of the total number in the state. The management practices used in the Nebraska sandhills have gained national recognition as a good example of range conservation in the United States. The purpose of this study …

The Genetics Congress, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Mice and men reported from

Edinburgh after the Congress

(JOURNAL OF HEREDITY for

September 1939) but since then there

has been silence, as far as getting into the

record any details of the Congress. On

account of the disruption to trans-Atlantic

travel caused by the declaration of

war between England and Germany,

September 3, the American delegation to

the Congress was considerably delayed

in getting back. Only two failed ultimately

to return, Dr. and Mrs. F. W.

Tinney of the Division of Farm Crops

of the University of Wisconsin. They

were among about a dozen members of

the Congress who …

A Zygotic Lethal In Chromosome 1 Of Maize And Its Linkage With Neighboring Genes, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A Bolivian maize

maize with mosaic red pericarp and cob, here designated by the symbol M-M, crossed with a local inbred strain of maize having white pericarp and cob, W-W, produced in F₁ 21 M-M and 28

W-W plants, not far from the I : I relation expected on the assumption that

the M-M parent was heterozygous for pericarp and cob color, M-M/W-W.

In F₂ and segregating F₃ cultures, however, there were 130 M-M and 64

W-W plants obviously a 2 : I instead of the 3 : I relation expected. Later cultures

increased these records to …

Wound Healing In Potatoes (Triumph Variety) As Influenced By Type Of Injury, Nature Of Initial Exposure, And Storage Conditions, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Tubers of the Triumph variety of potatoes, the one most extensively grown in western Nebraska, are more susceptible than those of other varieties to the various types of injury that occur at harvest time. This greater susceptibility is chiefly the result of long stolons, unusual tenderness of skin, and ease with which the tubers crack. The two latter characteristics have been accentuated by the custom of late planting adopted generally throughout the region in recent years. Many of the difficulties could be avoided by growing another variety. However, as there now seems to be no other variety as well adapted …

Manual Of The Grasses Of The United States, A. S. Hitchcock

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Introduction 1

Uses of grasses 1

Distribution of grasses 5

Morphology of grasses 6

Classification of grasses 10

Nomenclature 12

Common names 14

Scope of the manual 14

Gramineae (Poaceae), the grass family 15

Descriptions of the subfamilies and keys to the tribes 16

Subfamily 1. Festucoideae 16

Subfamily 2. Panicoideae 17

Descriptions of the tribes and keys to the genera 17

Tribe 1. Bambuseae 17

Tribe 2. Festuceae 17

Tribe 3. Hordeae 20

Tribe 4. Aveneae 21

Tribe 5. Agrostideae 22

Tribe 6. Zovsieae 24

Tribe 7. Chlorideae 24

Tribe 8. Phalarideae. 25

Tribe 9. Oryzeae 25

Tribe 10. …

The Effect Of A Controlled Nitrogen Supply With Different Temperatures And Photoperiods Upon The Development Of The Potato Plant, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The potato (Solanum tuberosum Linn.) is grown under a great variety of conditions with regard to temperature, length of day, intensity and character of light, texture, fertility, and moisture of soil, and atmospheric humidity. There is need for a better understanding concerning the internal response of the potato plant to these external conditions when they are applied, either singly or in combination with each other, and the resulting morphological response, especially with regard to the tuberization process. It has been the object of this investigation to determine the relation of the nitrogen supply to the processes of stolon and …

Relation Of The Differential Fertilization Genes, Ga Ga, To Certain Other Genes Of The Su-Tu Linkage Group Of Maize, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The Ga, or “gamete” gene of maize can be studied only or principally by its disturbance of normal Mendelian ratios of contrasted characters differentiated by genes linked with it. The amount of this disturbance can be used as a measure of the intensity of linkage between Ga and other genes of the su-Tu group.

Disturbance of the 3:1 ratio of starchy, Su, to sugary, su, endosperm has been most studied. In one of the early papers on Mendelian inheritance, Correns (1902) reported that, although crosses between most starchy and sugary varieties gave an F₂ ratio of …

The Identification Of The More Important Prairie Hay Grasses Of Nebraska By Their Vegetative Characters, F. D. Keim, G. W. Beadle, A. L. Frolik

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

It is convenient and sometimes necessary to identify the grasses in their vegetative stage of growth. This is especially desirable in a study of the vegetation of native hay meadows and permanent pastures. This key is prepared as a guide in the identification of the more important prairie hay grasses of Nebraska. The meadows are often harvested before the floral parts of many of the grasses appear. If it is desired, therefore, to study the botanical composition of the native meadows, it becomes necessary to rely on identification of many of the grasses by means of vegetative characters.

The A Series Of Allelomorphs In Relation To Pigmentation In Maize, R. A. Emerson, E. G. Anderson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Introduction ... 503

The allelomorph A^b ... 504

The allelomorph a^p ... 505

Dominance ... 508

Summary ... 508

Literature Cited ... 509

The Frequency Of Somatic Mutation In Variegated Pericarp Of Maize, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Some years ago (Emerson 1922) the writer announced that in F₂ of

certain crosses of variegated with colorless pericarp in maize the heterozygous

individuals changed to self color more frequently than did the homozygous

individuals of the same cultures. No “explanation” of this phenomenon

was then apparent, but later results, though still far from affording

an adequate solution of the problem, have furnished at least a working

hypothesis. The original unpublished paper, with minor modifications,

is given below, under the heading. “Somatic mutations in heterozygous

and in homozygous variegated pericarp.”

The Immediate Effect Of Gametic Relationship And Of Parental Type Upon The Kernel Weight Of Corn, T. A. Kiesselbach

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

This investigation to determine the relation of the kernel weight of corn to the source of pollen with which it was fertilized has been made to answer several questions of both practical and technical interest: (1) To what extent is kernel weight affected in the current crop by the "breadth of breeding" or the gametic relationship? (2) What is the relation of the diversity of parental type to the immediate effect of foreign pollen upon the kernel weight of corn? (3) Is the immediate effect of cross-fertilization upon the kernel weight of sufficient importance to justify the annual mixing of …

Control Of Flowering In Teosinte: Short-Day Treatment Brings Early Flowers, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Attempts to force teosinte into flower in mid-summer, in order to facilitate hybridizing it with maize, have afforded considerable information concerning the flowering time of teosinte under diverse conditions. The possibility that some of this information may be of use to others suggests its publication. The paper is, therefore, to be considered as a help in the technique of teosinte and maize hybridization rather than a contribution ~to the solution of the physiological problems involved.

A Genetic View Of Sex Expression In The Flowering Plants, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

It seems a conservative statement to say that studies

of the past twenty years among animal forms have

tended increasingly to link the phenomena of sex inheritance

with the behavior of chromosomes. To this

result, cytology and genetics have contributed perhaps

almost equally. The number of forms in which

one sex is known to have a morphologically different

chromosome complex from the other sex are many.

That, with respect to the chromosomes, the female of

certain forms produces gametes of a single kind,

whereas the male produces two kinds, and that in

turn an egg fertilized by one kind of …

Size And Structure Of Leaves Of Cereals In Relation To Climate, William Edward Bruner, John E. Weaver

Papers from the University Studies series (University of Nebraska)

Although a very large amount of work has been done on the variation in form, size, and anatomical structure of native plants grown under different conditions, relatively little attention has been given to similar studies of crop plants. As far as we are able to ascertain, no investigations have been made of variation in the leaves of cereal crops grown under widely different, measured environments.

During the past few years (1920-23), in connection with studies on the development and activities of the roots of crop plants (Weaver, Jean, and Crist, 1922), plant production as a measure of environment (Weaver, 1924), …

Pericarp Studies In Maize. I. The Inheritance Of Pericarp Colors, E. G. Anderson, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Introduction ... 466

Nomenclature ... 467

Pigments present in colored pericarp ... 467

Factor relations of pericarp colors ... 468

Factor relations of red pericarp, P ... 468

Factor relations of cherry pericarp ... 471

Discussion and Summary ... 474

Literature Cited ... 475

Corn Investigations, T. A. Kiesselbach

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The purpose of the investigations reported in this bulletin has been primarily to determine some of the underlying principles involved in corn improvement. The work comprises a study of some of the physiological characteristics of the crop together with a comparison of various selection, breeding, and cultural practices in their relation to grain yield.

Genetic Interrelations Of Two Andromonoecious Types Of Maize, Dwarf And Anther Ear, R. A. Emerson, Sterling H. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Attention was called by Montgomery (1906)to the occasional appearance

of perfect flowers in the staminate inflorescence of maize and similar

cases were reported by Kempton (1913). Montgomery (1911) described

with illustrations a true-breeding type of semi-dwarf dent maize, the ears

of which were perfect-flowered. Perfect-flowered maize was described

and illustrated also by Blaringhem (1908, pp. 180-183). East and

Hayes (1911, pp. 13, 14) noted and illustrated a perfect-flowered sweet

corn. Weatherwax (1916, 1917) showed that typically pistillate

flowers of maize exhibit in microscopic sections the rudiments of stamens

and that staminate flowers show rudiments of pistils.

The Regional Adaptation Of Corn In Nebraska, T. A. Kiesselbach, F. D. Keim

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The purpose of this investigation was to determine some of the factors involved in the regional adaptation of corn. The procedure has been to make a comparative study of native corn types, known to be locally adapted to various regional areas in Nebraska through long growth there. The work has been confined to the single species group - Zea mays indentata. No one variety of a common source is grown throughout the state, and therefore it has been impossible to keep within a single variety. It would appear that the data should indicate morphological and histological plant characteristics involved …

The Relative Frequency Of Crossing Over In Microspore And In Megaspore Development In Maize, R. A. Emerson, C. B. Hutchison

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

One of the early developments in the study of linkage in Drosophila was the discovery that the phenomenon of crossing over is confined to the female sex (Morgan 1912). The fact that no crossing over occurs in the male Drosophila holds true not only for sex-linked genes but for factors in the autosomes as well and is so well established that it affords a most convenient method of determining to which of the different linkage groups a new factor belongs.

The same phenomenon, but with the sexes reversed, obtains in the silkworm moth. Tanaka (1914, 1915) has found from back-cross …

Heritable Characters Of Maize: Ix. Crinkly Leaf, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In 1910 a strain of dent corn obtained at the National Corn Exposition held at Omaha was crossed with a strain of flint corn obtained from the Department of Agronomy of the University of Nebraska. The F₁ plants of this cross were normal and no abnormalities had been observed in the parent strains. But since the latter had not been subjected to self-pollination, there is no assurance that one or other of them did not have in it the character to be described here. In the F₂ generation of this cross there occurred a tpe of plant that …

Freezing Injury Of Seed Corn, T. A. Kiesselbach, J. A. Ratcliff

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The object of the investigations in this bulletin has been to determine the conditions under which freezing injury may occur to seed corn; to indicate, if possible, the vital changes in the embryo resulting in such injury; and to point out ways by which seed corn of strong vitality and satisfactory yielding capacity may be obtained.

Heritable Characters Of Maize Ii.-Pistillate Flowered Maize Plants, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In the "freak"

class at the Annual

Corn Show held at Lincoln, Nebraska,

in the winter of 1913-14,

there was exhibited a corn tassel

with a heavy setting of seeds. A few

seeds are not infrequently found in the

staminate inflorescence of maize, particularly

in pod com, and tillers of various

corn varieties often end in ears instead

of in tassels or have tassels, the central

spikes of which are ear like. The freak

exhibited at the com show, however,

was a large. much branched affair.

wholly tassel-like in form except for the

fact that it bore a heavy crop …