Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Economic Injury Level For Bermudagrass Stem Maggot (Diptera: Muscidae) In Bermudagrass Forage Production In Texas, V. Corriher-Olson, A. Knutson, F. Mitchell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The bermudagrass stem maggot, Atherigona reversura Villeneuve, was first reported damaging bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers grown for forage in 2010 in the southeastern US. Damage results from individual larvae feeding internally on the vascular tissue just above the terminal node of the grass stem. Damage slows plant growth and reduces forage accumulation. To address the need for economic guidelines to manage this new pest, the relationship between the percent of stems damaged by bermudagrass stem maggot and forage yield was measured in commercial bermudagrass hay fields in northcentral Texas during 2016 and 2017. The slope of the linear regression, …

Effects Of Cattle Grazing On A Perennial Legume, Bitumen Trefoil (Bituminaria Bituminosa (L.) Stirton), In A Mediterranean Grassland, M. Gutman, M. Sternberg, A. Perevoltsky

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A six-year study was conducted in a Mediterranean grassland in north-eastern Israel to investigate the effects of cattle grazing management on a perennial legume, Bitumen Trefoil (Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirton). The relationship between grazing pressure and its relative plant cover was studied in the context of inter-annual variation in rainfall. Treatments included manipulations of stocking rates (moderate, heavy and very heavy) and of grazing regimes (continuous vs. seasonal), in a factorial design. The results showed that inter-seasonal rainfall variation was a dominant factor in the expression of plant cover changes of this species. Grazing showed no significant effect on …

Map Based Www Tool For Recommending Forage Species, M. H. Hall, D. A. Miller, J. H. Cherney

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Selecting the “best” forage species or species mixture requires a knowledge and understanding of the consuming animal, soil characteristics, and forage species. The multivariate nature of the problem presents challenges to those interested in solving the practical problem of maximizing available resources. Earlier work at Cornell University resulted in a WWW-based interface that allowed the user to provide a soil type or zip code and additional management factors to initiate the species selection. This approach relies on either user knowledge of soil series or an implied relationship between zip code and soil series that may often be wrong. To improve …

An Evaluation Of Eragrostis Tef For Future Cultivar Development, Eric Wayne Luteyn

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The many benefits of utilizing teff (Eragrostis tef) as small grain is well documented in journal publications. Over time the domestication of this species has become essential to the diets of the local population and the livestock living in the African highlands. Current research points to a high diversity of trait characteristics found in many teff populations and the potential utilization of these traits to increase desirable characteristics in both grain and forage varieties. With the overarching goal of adding to what is already known about teff, this study evaluates the different traits that are of interest to …

Conserved Forage (Silage And Hay): Progress And Priorities, R. E. Muck, K. J. Shinners

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage conservation permits a better supply of quality feed when forage production is low. While haymaking and ensiling have been practiced for generations, research is still needed to 1) understand the processes affecting quality during harvesting and storage and 2) develop practical means to minimize losses and enhance quality.

Several trends in harvesting forages for silage are notable. Kernel processing of maize, once confined to Europe, has become popular in North America. Self-propelled forage harvesters have a larger share of the market due to more contract harvesting and larger farms. Larger harvesters, rakes and mergers help improve productivity and forage …

Direct Drilling Of Soybean In A Pensacola Bahiagrass Pasture In The Northwest Region Of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil, R. B. Medeiros, J. Riboldi, J. C. De Saibro, J. E. G. Zambra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The response of methods of soil preparation (M₁=conventional tillage, and with notillage using the following herbicides M₂=50% Paraquat plus 50% Orizalin; M₃=50% Paraquat plus 50% Diquat and M₄=Paracol (20% Paraquat plus 20 Diuron)) and row spacing (E₁=17 cm, E₂=24 cm, E₃=51 cm and E₄=68 cm) on soybean grain yield direct drilled in an eight-year-old grazed sward of Bahiagrass cv. Pensacola (Paspalum notatum var. saurae Parodi) were studied in southern of Brazil. The results showed that direct drilling of soybean on Pensacola accompanied by …

Changes Of Forages Fed To Dairy Cows In The Whole Year In Taiwan, F. H. Hsu, C. H. Lu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Objectives of this study were to determine the kinds and the percents of forages fed to dairy cows in the whole year. Data were taken weekly by the dairy farmers for one year, including kinds and weights of forages fed to dairy cows, the heads of milking cows, dry cows and heifers. Dairy farmer A used napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) green chop 68.2%, napiergrass silage 15.3%, pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens) hay 3.2% and imported bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay 13.3% to feed cows. Dairy farmer B fed cows with napiergrass green chop 65.1%, pangolagrass 13.0% and imported …

Effectt Of Supplements On Forage Degradability Of Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandu Grazed By Steers, J. R. A. Pereira, Ricardo A. Reis, L. R. De A. Rodrigues, D. Freitas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The supplementation effect was evaluated using crossbred rumen-fistulated steers maintained in a Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu pasture. The animals received energy supplementation (corn-COR); low degradability protein supplementation (corn gluten-GLU); and high degradability protein supplementation (soybean-SBM) at two levels N1 (± 0.5 kg/an/day) and N2 (± 1.5 kg/an/day); or no supplementation (Control). The factorial (3x2), plus the control, was studied according to complete randomized block design with three replications. The supplementation did not affect (P> 0.05) the potential degradability (POD), the effective degradability (EFD), and the degradation rates (DR) of the forage (extrusa). The GLU supplementation provided higher (P< 0.05) EFD of the NIDN fraction than the SBM, and both did not differ (P> 0.05) of …

Transgenesis And Genomics In Molecular Breeding Of Forage Plants, G. Spangenberg, R. Kalla, A. Lidgett, T. Sawbridge, E. K. Ong, U. John

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage plant breeding has been largely based on phenotypic selection following sexual recombination of natural genetic variation found between and within ecotypes. Advances in plant genetic manipulation over the last 15 years have provided convincing evidence that these powerful technologies can complement and enhance plant breeding programs. Significant progress in the establishment of the methodologies required for the molecular breeding of forage plants has been made. Examples of current products and approaches for the application of these methodologies to forage grass and legume improvement are outlined. Large-scale genomic analysis of many organisms is under way with human, arabidopsis and rice …

Advances In Forage Legumes: Shrub Legumes, M. H. Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage tree legumes benefit agriculture through their multi-purpose contributions to livestock feeding, to productivity of farming systems, and to protection of the environment.

Of the several hundred forage tree legume species regarded as having potential for forage only c. twenty are in common use. These are listed together with their agroecological range and tolerance of adverse environments including acid soils, cool temperatures, low rainfall, poor drainage and high salinity. The value of many species to ruminants is limited due to low nutritive value arising from low protein availability and low acceptability caused principally by high condensed tannin content. Only 10 …

Screening Fresh Forages For Protein Degradation And Nutritive Value, Garry C. Waghorn, J. L. Burke

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A method has been developed to prepare fresh forages for in sacco and in vitro incubation by freezing and mincing to achieve a particle size distribution of dry matter (DM) similar to in vivo conditions. The method is described and data presented to indicate losses of nitrogen (N) during in sacco digestion and net yield of ammonia from proteolysis in vitro for 22 fresh and conserved forages. Grasses, legumes and herbs were evaluated, with fractional degradation rates of forages ranging from 0.07h^-1 with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) to 0.24 h^-1 with chicory (Cichorium intybus). …

Forage Quality, Yield And Palatability Of Quackgrass (Elytrigia Repens (L.) Nevski), T. Yagi, R. Meguro, E. Fukuda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski) is a competitive perennial invader of pastures and hay meadows which is frequently harvested as forage in mixtures with desired forage species. Field experiments were conducted to compare quackgrass with cool-season perennial grasses grown under the same soil and climatic conditions, in terms of forage quality, productivity, and palatability. The forage quality of the hays was influenced by the grass species. Quackgrass showed forage crude protein (CP) concentration that was equal to those of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and …

Forage Yield And Nutritive Quality Of Haulm From Dual-Purpose Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L Walp) Cultivars For Dry Season Feeding In Nigeria, N. J. Anyanwu, Olufemi S. Onifade, Jimoh A. Olanite, V. I. O. Olowe, B. O. Boukar, I. I. Ekpe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The availability of high quality forage especially during the dry season remains a major challenge to ruminant livestock production in Nigeria and many parts of West Africa. Due to the prevailing mismatch between livestock population and supply of feed resources in the arid and semi arid Nigeria, the humid forest zone represents a potential source for crop residues, especially during the dry season due to longer rainfall duration and suitable climate. This study was conducted to evaluate forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from selected dual purpose cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars in the humid rain forest …

Comparison Of Four Maize Cultivars (Zea Mays L.) As Winter Forage In Sudan, Rihab El Zubair

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Winter forage availability in Sudan is constrained by lack of a suitable annual winter forage crop. The main forage crop grown is Abu70 (Sorghum bicolor) which is a summer crop that yields 7.6-8.4 t/ha in summer but much less in winter. There is, therefore, need for a winter high yielding forage crop that exceeds Abu70 in productivity and quality. This study was aimed to evaluate four forage maize cultivars as potential winter crops in central Sudan in terms of productivity and quality. An experiment was conducted using four maize forage cultivars. The experiment lasted for two consecutive seasons …

Brs Quênia And Brs Tamani: New Panicum Maximum Jacq. Hybrid Cultivars In Brazil, Liana Jank, C. M. S. De Andrade, Giovana A. Maciel, Rodrigo A. Barbosa, Gustavo J. Braga, Manuel C. M. Macedo, José R. Valério, Jaqueline R. Verzignassi, A. H. Zimmer, Celso D. Fernandes, M. F. Santos, Rosangela M. Simeão

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since 1982 Embrapa Beef Catle in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, develops a Panicum maximum Jacq. breeding program, based on the germplasm collected and assembled by IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpment) and received through a cooperation-agreement with IRD. The germplasm was evaluated and four cultivars were released directly from the germplasm: cultivars Tanzania, Mombaça, Massai and BRS Zuri. Breeding began in 1990 and involved crosses between sexual plants and selected apomictic accessions. The program consists of evaluation followed by selection of hybrids in plots with replications, evaluation of the selected hybrids in national network experiments in diverse regions and …

Rejuvenation Of Rangelands – Role Of Diversity And Improvement Strategies Of Range Grasses, A. K. Roy, D. R. Malaviya, P. Kaushal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In India, a major part of the rural economy is dependent on the grazing-based livestock husbandry which is unique integration of agriculture and livestock coupled with rich traditional knowledge. Ecosystems of common property resources had been a mainstay in rural economy and livelihood. The traditional grazing forage resources in arid and semi-arid regions have deteriorated a lot due to various factors including heavy grazing pressure, climate change and dominance of invasive species, thus, needs rejuvenation. Additionally, these are causing serious economic and ecological problems such as poor productivity, soil and water erosion and reduced carbon sequestration.

The genetic improvement of …

Enhanced Grazing Management Assessment Using Drone-Based Lidar Measurements, V. W. Temu, W. C. Hession, P. Sforza, H. Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Globally, there is an urgent need of research-based technologies for small ruminant producers to benefit from rapidly growing market demands for ruminant meat and related food products from forage-based operations. However, effective forage-based animal production requires a rapid assessment, and monitoring of grazing management needs to adjust stocking rates and/or spatial animal distribution in a timely manner. Applicability of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for grazing management offers opportunities to rapidly estimate biomass build-ups, ground coverage, and monitor animal behaviour. The reliability of drone-based laser scanning (DLS) for monitoring warm-season grass responses to simulated grazing intensities was assessed at Virginia State …

Plant Secondary Compounds; Their Impact On Forage Nutritive Value And Upon Animal Production, T. N. Barry, D. M. Mcneill, W. C. Mcnabb

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Both the anti-nutritional and beneficial effects of secondary compounds in a range of temperate and tropical forages have been reviewed. Major secondary compounds in temperate and tropical forage plants occur in the phenolic fraction and include condensed and hydrolysable tannins, phenolic monomers and lignin. Condensed tannins (CT) bind to plant protein by pH-reversible hydrogen bonding. In temperate legume forages this reduces rumen protein degradation and can increase the absorption of essential amino acids (EAA) from the small intestine, with reactivity depending on CT concentration, molecular weight and chemical structure. Low concentrations of CT in Lotus corniculatus (20-40g/kg DM) increased EAA …

Safflower (Carthamus Tintorius): A Promising Forage Crop For Semi-Arid Regions, Y. Leshem, I. Bruckental, S. Y. Landau, G. Ashbell, Z. Weinberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The yield, quality, preservation and intake of safflower hay were determined in two successive years - 1998 and 1999. Field experiments carried out at the Bet Dagan experimental station on the coastal plain of Israel under rain-fed conditions. A spineless variety was tested under three sowing dates. Yield decreased and quality improved as the sowing date receded from November 12 to February 3. Respective yields, IVDMD and CP content were: 22 and 8 ton DM/ha, 48.9% and 65.5% , 10.0% and 14.6%. Safflower at 290, 410 and 770 g/kg DM was ensiled in 1.5-l anaerobic glass jars with or without …

Ecophysiology Of Grasslands: Dynamic Aspects Of Forage Plant Populations In Grazed Swards, G. Lemaire

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of this paper is to review knowledge of the ecophysiological mechanisms influencing the dynamics of plant populations in grazed swards. Such an objective requires some definitions. Firstly, it is necessary to define “ecophysiology” as the study of the interactions between biological individuals (plants) with their own environment: how individuals perceive and react to any constraint and change of their environment, and how the functioning of plants as a population can modify their own environment. Such a definition implies a dynamic approach to pant population functioning as resulting from constant plant-plant interactions mediated by micro-environment modifications. In a grazed …

Integrating Knowledge From Research And Farmer Practice In The Development Of More Productive Forage Systems For Dairy Farms In South‐Eastern Australia, M. O'Kane, G. O'Brien, A. Crawford, Mark S. Paine, D. F. Chapman, J. J. Jacobs

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Changes In The Management Of Permanent Grasslands In The Cr After Agriculture Restructuring At The End Of The 20th Century, A. Kohoutek, Jan Pozdíšek

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Livestock, Rangelands And Grasslands‐-A Specific Case For The Management Of Genetic Resources For Food And Agriculture, Irene Hoffmann, David Boerma, Alvaro Toledo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Modeling Forage Yield Losses For Crop Insurance In Eastern Canada, I. Duchesne‐Ortiz, Gilles Bélanger, L. Martel, Guy Allard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

A Forage Book Of International Impact, Garry D. Lacefield, Donald M. Ball, Carl S. Hoveland, Donald L. Armstrong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Different Storage Period On Nutrional Ingredient Of Forage, Jie Qiao, Qingyan Zhou, Dan Zheng, Yujie Lou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Fatty Acid Analysis Of Six Important Forage, Zhiqiang Li, J. G. Han

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Analysis Of Cation‐Anion Difference Of Six Important Forage, Zhiqiang Li, J. G. Han

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Mineral Elements Of Some Range Species In Contrast Of Livestock Requirements, S. H. Kaboli, Hossein Arzani, L. Fazel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of In Vitro Digestibility On Grass Seeds Of Different Treatments, Fengling Shi, A. Yimamu, M. Goto, J. Yun, M. Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.