Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Management Systems For Growing Fattening Bovine Cattle In Coast Cross Bermudagrass No.1 Without Irrigation, G Vales, A Molina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Four experiments were carried out to establish an intensive non-irrigated system with Holstein male calves in coast cross bermuda grass No. 1 (Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast cross 1). Two grazing methods were evaluated. These were : segregating the area for pasture conservation in the rainy season and N fertiliz­ation including the strategy of application combined with different stocking rates.

Beef Production From Digitaria Eriantha Subsp. Eriantha In A Sub-Tropical Environment, M B. Hardy, N N. Gray

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Digitaria eriantha subsp. eriantha, previously known as D. smutsii (Russel and Smook 1980), is a robust perennial grass adapted to a wide range of soils and climatic conditions. In Australia, the species has performed well on a number of sites with soils ranging from« cracking clays to sandy loams» where rainfall varied between 400 and 1000 mm/annum (Strickland 1987). A similar range of adaptability has been recorded in South Africa (Brockett and Gray 1984, Dannhauser 1985). In cutting trials, D. eriantha yielded between 3500 and 15000 kg of dry matter/ha with annual rainfall of 450 and 1200 mm/annum respectively. The …

Beef Production In Guineagrass Pastures With Nitrogen Or Legumes, V Favoretto, L.R. De A. Rodrigues, A G. Chiarello, A.A M. Sampaio, P F. Vieira, E B. Malheiros

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Beef production in Brazil is based on the high dry-matter production of tropical grasses, but yields are not always satis­factory. Nitrogen fertilization results in linear increases of dry­matter production (Gomide et al., 1984) and also in the live­weight-gain (LWG) of the animals (Addison et al., 1985). How­ever, due to the high cost of fertilizers, the utilization of grass pastures associated to herbaceous or shrub legumes may be an economic way to increase animal production. The aim of this work was to study the availability of dry-matter and the L WG of steers in Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pastures fertilized with …

Performance Of Three Beef Cow Genotypes When Grazing Sown Pasture At Two Sward Heights, I A. Wright, J R. Jones, T J. Maxwell, A.J F. Russel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In grassland based systems of animal production, it is important to choose a genotype of animal with production characteristics appropriate to the level of nutrition which can be supplied by the available resources. It is generally recognised that the most economically efficient beef cow systems are those that allow the cows to increase levels of body fat when feed is plentiful or cheap (eg. summer grazing in N. Europe) and to draw on those reserves during periods of feed scarcity or when feed is expensive (eg. winter) (Russel and Broadbent, 1985). The ability of cows to increase body reserves during …

Cow-Calf Performance On Cool Season And Warm Season Pasture Systems, J R. Gerrish, F A. Martz, V A. Johnson, R E. Morrow, G B. Garner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Preweaning growth of beef calves is determined by milk pro­duction of the dam and herbage consumption by the calf. These parameters are impacted by quantity of herbage on offer and nutritive quality of the sward. Forage availability and quality are dependent upon species composition and pasture manage­ment. In the humid temperate regions, both C3 and C4 species are utilized in grazing programs with traditional grazing man­agement being either continuous or very lax rotations. A graz­ing study was undertaken to evaluate the preweaning growth of calves and milk production of their dams as impacted by pas­ture species and intensity of management …

Year-Round Grazing Systems For Beef Production From Conception To Slaughter, V G. Allen, J P. Fontenot, W P. Green, R C. Hammes Jr

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Throughout much of the world cattle are produced mainly on forage. High grain yields in the U.S. have led to feeding cat­tle high grain to minimize time in the feedlot, and overhead costs. Recent emphasis on lean meat, diet and health issues has renewed interest in finishing cattle on forages. The objective of this research was to evaluate various forage systems of beef production from conception through slaughter with minimum grain. Effects of forage system during cow-calf and growing phases on performance and carcass characteristics during the finishing phases were evaluated. The research included calves born in late winter-early spring …

Supplements For Calves Fed Autumn Pasture, G F. Wilson, K Wittayanuparpyuenyong, A M. Kassano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production levels achieved by dairy cows, and the growth rates of newly weaned calves, grazing ryegrass/white clover pastures during autumn in New Zealand are normally lower than those achieved during spring (Wilson, 1988), The present experiment was undertaken to compare the effects of milk replacers and concentrate supplementation on the grass intakes and performance of 6-11 week-old calves. A second objective was to investigate if the form in which milk replacer was fed (liquid or powder) influenced the responses. Such infor­mation is required to provide reasons for the poor performance of cattle in the autumn and also to demonstrate …

Effect Of Acremonium Coenophialum Infected Festuca Arundinacea On Cow-Calf Production, J C. Waller, J B. Mclaren, H A. Fribourg, A B. Chestnut, D G. Keltner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is the predominant forage available to beef cattle producers in the transition zone of the eastern US. The presence of the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jone & Garns has been associated with reduced animal performance that results in substantial economic loss to producers (Bacon and Siegel, 1988; Bush and Burrus, 1988; Stuedemann and Hoveland, 1988). Cattle producers have used N fertilization to increase productivity of fescue pastures. Renovation of fescue pastures with legumes has been a method of improving pasture quality and the performance of animals grazing those pasture (McLaren et al., 1983).

Soil Fertility And Beef Production In The Semi-Arid Sub-Tropics, P C. Kerridge, R W. Mclean

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two-thirds of the grazing lands in Queensland are on infer­tile soils, low in organic matter, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) (Weston et al., 1981). Pasture quality is low and average liveweight gain (L WG) of steers on these soils ranges from 0.10 to 0.30 kg/day compared to 0.40 to 0.50 kg/day on more fertile soils. Low herbage production limits carrying capacity to 3-10 ha/animal. The nutritive value can be improved by (i) direct supplementation of animals with N and P, (ii) introduction of a legume together with fertilizer and/or supplement P or (iii) use of heavily fertilized improved grasses ± …

Animal Perforamnce On Dwarf Elephantgrass And Rhizoma Peanut Pastures, L E. Sollenberger, C S. Jones Jr, G M. Prine

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pasture systems in the southeastern U.S. are based on peren­nial warm-season grasses, but forage quality of these species is often low during mid-summer through early fall. Two peren­nial forages that were recently released in Florida, 'Mott' dwarf elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. ; Sollenberger et al., 1988b) and the legume 'Florigraze' rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth. ; Prine et al., 1981), have potential to provide herbage of high quality during May through October. Grazing trials were conducted to determine steer ( Bos spp.) average daily gain (ADG), carrying capacity (CC), and gain ha-1 on Mott and Flozigraze, and to compare these …

Influence Of Forage Availability On Growth And Reproduction Of Brahman-Hereford (F-1) Females Grazing Humid Pastures And Semi-Arid Rangelands, J W. Holloway, F M. Rouquette Jr, C R. Long, M K. Owens, B G. Warrington, A D. Chamrad, J F. Baker, D W. Forrest

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Relationship of forage availability, animal growth, and reproduction have been studied in both humid "improved" pastures (Adje et al., 1980; Guerrero et al., 1984; Bransby et al., 1988) and semi-arid "native" rangelands (Hart, 1972, 1978) but no study has been reported in which the two ecosystems hav�� b��en compared in terms of these relationships. Forage ava1lab1hty 1s one of the primary variables that can be easily controlled by cattle producers and thus the relationship to per­formance and reproduction is of fundamental importance. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if the patterns of relationship between forage availability and animal …

Forage Management System For Lean Beef Production: Nitrogen Rate On Pasture And Roughage Level In Feedlot, F M. Rouquette Jr, L R. Nelson, D P. Hutcheson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fertilizer rates have long been shown to increase forage dry matter production and growth promoting implants have been shown to increase live weight gains during either the stocker or feeder phase. There has been little evidence, however, to ascer­tain the influence of pasture-animal management systems on subsequent feedlot performance. The primary objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the influence of rate of fertilizer nitrogen and Zeranol implant on gain per animal and gain per acre ; and (2) determine the influence of previous pasture treat­ment on feedlot performance from two levels of roughage.

Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing Systems On Daily Weight Gain Steers Grazing Melilotus Alba Var. Annua Pure Or In Association With Avena Sativa, R N. Berti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The production of native pastures is less than 80 kg live­weight gain yeac1 ha-1 in the grazing area of the sub-humid environments of the Argentinian sub-tropics. The production of forage is concentrated during the summer-rainy season. The use of pastures of great production and quality as Melilotus u/ba var. annua pure or in association with Avena sativa allows to increase the production to �� 300 kg year-1 ha-1. Previous experience in the area pointed out that the major factors having an influence on the production cost are the stocking rate and the grazing system. The objective of this study was …

Gestion Et Valorization Des Prairies Cultivees En Guyane Francaise, S De Rouville, G Molenat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

L'installation de prairies cultivees sur savane ou sur defriche forestiere en Guyane Frarn;:aise se heurte a la pauvrete chirni­que des sols (Cabidoche et Servant, 1982) et a une repartition des pluies irreguliere. Des especes fourrageres, issues de regions comparables, malgre des resultats encourageants en petite par­ celle, ont parfois des productions decevantes sous le pied ��u bovin utilise: le zebu. L'objectif est de definir une condmte reproductible des paturages afin d'assurer Ieur perennite et une production de viande par hectare suffisante pour atteindre un equilibre technico-econornique dans un systeme a niveau d'in­vestissement eleve (Bourges, 1984).

Long-Term Productivity Of Legumes-Based And Pure Grass Pastures In The Eastern Plains Of Colombia, C Lascano, J Estrada

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The savannas of Colombia have acid soils of low fertility, a well defined dry season and an herbaceous native vegetation of low nutritional value (Lascano and Spain, 1986). As a conse­quence, traditional livestock production is extensive and of low productivity in terms of animal growth and reproduction (Vera and Sere, 1985). An economically attractive alternative to increase cattle production in the savannas of Colombia is through the use of legume-based pastures, provided they are productive and persistent (Nores and Estrada, 1979). This paper presents results on animal production and forage attnbutes of a long-term grazing experiment which includes a grass …

Animal Production Of Pastures Based On Centrosema Spp. In The Eastern Plains Of Colombia, C Lascano, J Estrada, P Avila

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lack of adaptation of commercial grass and legume cultivars to biotic and edaphic constraints prevailing in tropical American savannas has been partially responsible for failures in the development of improved pastures in these areas (Toledo, 1985). As a result, the Tropical Pastures Program of CIAT has taken responsibility to collect and select forage germplasm with adaptation to acid soils of low natural fertility. Within the Centrosema genus promising acid soil tolerant species have been identified, such as C. macrocarpum (Schultze­Kraft et al., 1985), C. acutifolium (Schultze-Kraft et al., 1987) and C. brasiliarum (Schultze-Kraft and Benavides, 1988). A grazing experiment was …

Removing Limitations To Cattle Production In The Semi-Arid Tropics, W H. Winter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cattle production on tropical tallgrass pastures of north­west Australia is limited by the poor quality of the forage. Sodium levels are inadequate throughout the year and N, P and S concentrations are below critical values for good animal growth after the first 4-6 weeks of the wet season. Thus, stock­ing rates and liveweight gains are low ( < 50 kg/annum) despite 18-26 weeks of pasture growth (McCown, 1982).This paper reports the results of 3 experiments which use different options to improve cattle production in this region.

Forage Quality, Heifer Grazing Preference And Performance On Disease Resistant Tifleaf 2 Hybrid Pearl Millet, G M. Hill, W W. Hanna, H D. Wells

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., has been utilized extensively as a high quality summer annual grazing crop m the Southern United States, and other tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Tifleaf l pearl millet (Burton, 1980) has been a popular improved dwarf cultivar. Grazing performance of heifers (Johnson et al., 1978) indicated that Tifleaf 1 was superior to normal height pearl millet cultivars.

Pearl millets are resistant to most diseases but rust (Puccinia substriate) and leaf spot (Piricularia grisea) are the two major pearl millet _diseases m the United States. Monson et al. (1986) …

L'Efficacite Du Paturage De Genisses De Genotypes Differents Pour La Production De Viande, H Paetzold, W Neumann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La viande bovine en RDA est produite generalement par l'engraissement de jeunes taureaux en stabulation. Les gains en poids vif journaliers varient entre 700 et 1 000 g. Ce systeme, demandant une alimentation d'une haute qualite, avec des quantites considerables de concentres, est tres couteux. Pour augmenter la production de viande bovine, on peut uti­liser des genisses avec recours au systeme de paturage, bien que celles-ci assurent un gain de poids journalier inferieur (400 a 550 g) chez les races laitieres. Le but de nos essais etait d'exami­ner les resultats de cinq croisements de races differentes dans les conditions pratiques …

Protein Bank As A Complement To Native Pasture, J L.F Zoby, E Kornelius, M C. Saueressug, O.A D. Affin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brazilian Cerrados (203 million ha) comprise very acid oxisols and ultisols. The Cerrados have 40 % of Brasil's cattle (53 million heads). Native pasture are around 69 million ha (Fibge, 1979) and are the main forage source. During the dry season, grasspastures are mature and low in feed quality. Cattle growth is restricted by protein shortage in their diet. The experiment was carried out at « Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria dos Cerrados », near Brasilia, in a typical Cerrado environment. The study investigated the value of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham and Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Bandeirante as legume supplements to improve …

Aspects Of Reseeding Old Permanent Pasture, N Culleton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland occupies some 89 % of the arable land in Ireland (anon., 1984) and of this approximately only 3 % is reseeded annually. Many permanent pastures have poor botanical com­position. Frame and Tiley (1988) pointed out that quantity and quality of secondary grass species are inferior to Lolium perenne. Nonetheless, there is evidence that permanent pastures have high animal production potential and that the large responses to reseeding in the first harvest year are rapidly lost (Wilkins et al., 1987). This paper compares new and old pastures under grazing and silage regimes.

Feed Intake, Milk Production And Gross Energetic Efficiency Of Lactating Cows Fed High Forage Diets On 305- Days Production, Y Asahida, K I. Sekine, J Sekine, S Kondo, M Okubo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

We have been studying high forage feeding for dairy cattle without reducing the efficiency of utilization of energy. In our previous report (Sekine et al., 1987), the net efficiency of utiliza­tion of ME for lactation (kl) was the same (0.54) when cows were fed concentrate at rates of 25 and 35 % of milk yield. There is little information on the long-term effects of feeding pasturage and corn silage as the main forage on milk pro­duction and efficiency through successive lactation cycles. The objective was to evaluate high forage diets over the entire lactation of dairy cows, mainly pasturage during …

The Use Of Improved Pastures By Grazing Dairy Cows For Economic Milk Production In Thailand, C Lekchom, K Witayanuparpyunyong, P Sukpituksakul, B R. Watkin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dairy farming is a relatively new agricultural industry in Thailand and has shown a rapid and dramatic development over the past decade. During this period dairy cattle numbers have trebled (from approx. 20,000 to 60,000) and the number of dairy farmers has quadrupled (approx. 2,000 to 8,000). With the present positive support from the Government this explos­ive development is likely to continue. While the price of milk paid to the farmers over this period had been good there has, nevertheless, been a substantial increase in the variable on-farm costs of production which is squeezing the farmer profit margin significantly and …

Milk Production System Using Panicum Maximum Cv: Likoni Under Grazing Conditions With Leucaena Leucocephala Proteic Bank, M Milera, H Santana

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The first studies made in Cuba about the effect of grazing on several legumes demonstrated that the highest yields during the dry season as well as the higher estimated intake were obtained with Leucaena (Funes, 1980). Productions higher than 14 I (litres)/ cow were obtained and the concentrate was substituted (Funes and Jordan, 1987) using Leucaena forage during another slight short work which was conducted to substitute totally or partially a commercial concentrate in dairy cows diets. Never­theless, it is necessary to study long-term production systems under grazing conditions with different per cent from proteic bank and/or grass association. The …

Paturage De Ray-Grass Anglais- Trefle Blanc Par Les Vaches Laitieres, A Pflimlin, F Chenais, J F. Annezo, J Kerouanton, D Le Meur

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dans le contexte des quotas laitiers, les patures de ray-grass anglais - trefle blanc a faible fumure azotee peuvent etre l'une des voies pour maintenir le revenu, dans la mesure ou elles per­mettent des productions laitieres par vache et par hectare pro­ches de celles obtenues sur pature de ray-grass recevant 300 unites d'azote par ha et par an. Le programme de recherche mis en place en Bretagne a partir de 1982 sur ce theme s'appuie sur un reseau d'observations d'une centaine de fermes laitieres et sur des essais en station, dont ceux de Trevarez presentes ci­apres.

The Effect Of Herbage Mass On The Herbage Intake And Grazing Behavior Of Dairy Cows, G Stakelum, P Dillon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Herbage mass effects on the intake of grazing dairy cows may differ with herbage allowance and herbage digestibility. A positive relationship between herbage mass and intake has been reported (Stockdale, 1985). The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of herbage mass on intake and ingestive behaviour of dairy cows and the influences of herbage digesti­bility and daily herbage allowance on those effects.

The Effect Of Level Of Herbage Intake And Concentration Type On Rumen Fermentation Pattern, In Situ Herbage Degradability And Blood Metabolite Levels In Lactating Dairy Cows, P Dillon, G Stakelum, J J. Murphy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

High quality fibrous concentrates have been reported to give higher milk production responses and lower substitution rates compared to starchy concentrates wht:n fed to dairy cows (Meijs, 1986). Very large substitution rates for barley compared to both molassed beet pulp and beet pulp were found (Stakelum and Dillon, 1988) with grazing dairy cows. The pre­sent experiment was designed to investigate further the effects of concentrate type on herbage intake at two levels of herbage intake.

Tropical Pastures For Milk Production In Southeastern Region Of Brasil, S Aronovich, G A. Dusi, L.C S. Valle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brazilian milk production, for many decades, has been lower than the human demand for the product. For this reason, there must be a strong effort to improve the national dairy enterprise. Southeastern Region of the country, which includes the States of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, responds for 3/4 of the country's milk production. The dairy husbandry is based on pastures, mainly composed of tropical grasses as Molassesgrass (Melinis minutiflora), Jara­guagrass (Hyparrhenia rufa), Guineagrass (Panicum maximum) and some species of Brachiaria, especially B. decumbens. Milk productivity is …

Some Factors Affecting Herbage Intake Of High Yielding Dairy Cows At Grazing, J L. Peyraud, E A. Comeron, M H. Wade

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A program of research has been started at INRA Rennes which has the objective of optimising herbage utilisation and the supplementation at grazing of high yielding dairy cows through the study of the plant-animal interface. This will be achieved by quantifying the animal and plant factors which affect herbage intake in the field. The results presented here were obtained in a trial carried out in spring 1988 to study the effects of level of milk production, herbage allowance and system of grazing (strip grazing and paddock) upon herbage intake. These data are complemented by a study of the dynamics of …

Simplification Des Systemes De Paturage Pour Vaches Laitieres, A Hoden, A Muller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Le systeme de paturage utilise pour Jes vaches laitieres est souvent de type « rationne ». Face a cette technique contrai­gnante sont apparus des systemes plus «simplifies» avec une reduction du nombre de parcelles (paturages « tournant » et « intensiflibre »). Une comparaison de ces differents systemes a ete realisee de 1982 a 1985 au Domaine INRA du Pin au Haras (Hoden et al., 1986 et 1987).