Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Reforestation And Cattle Grazing In Southern United States, Henry A. Pearson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This research was undertaken to learn if cutover southern pine ranges can be sucessfully regenerated artificially with slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) while being grazed yearlong by beef cattle, Objectives were to determine the effects of various grazing intensities on the establishment and growth of slash pine and on herbage and cattle production, and the subsequent influence of pines on herbage and cattle production. Three range units comprising about 650 ha of cutover pine land were stocked to produce light, moderate, and heavy grazing intensities. Each year during a 4-year regeneration cycle, 17 percent of each range unit was …

Improvement Of Forest Grazing On Sado Island, H Hirota, T Suzuki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The develpoment of forest grazing in Sada Island is briefly outlined and the cause of the abrupt decline of Zoysia dominant vegetation during the last few decades is discussed. Some experimental results to improve the herbage production for forest grazing on the island are described. For example the invading bush trees should be controlled by either felling them down or applying herbicides, followed by vegetative propagation of Zoysia species and fertilizer application. Gentle slopeland can be renovated by oversowing cool temperate grass species; 15 Kg Dactylis glomerata, 10 Kg Lolium perenne, 5 Kg Paa pratensis and 5 Kg …

Grazing As A Part Of Agroforestry, Harold F. Heady

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Multiple use of land by the small landholder for food crops, trees and animals, often called agroforestry, holds great promise for aiding people near poverty in developing countries, but new forages and techniques of management must be developed.

Forest Grazing In Taiwan, M D. Huang, K J. Chen, Y J. Wu, J C. Yang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Due to the shortage of man-power in rural regions, forest grazing was tested as an alternative to eliminate the noxious plants dispersed on the timber plantations in Taiwan. Tree growth was not affected, when Hereford heifers were introduced to 4-year-old Taiwania cryptomerioides plantations(at 1,600 m altitude). Although indigenous water buffaloes were less tolerant to heat than the European cattle( Hereford and Holstein), they were able to show moderate body weight gain in the tough forest environment. Partial blood profiles obtained from buffaloes and cattle gave the same conclusion.

Effects Of Spring Mangement On Herbage Mass And Sward Characteristics In Ryegrass White Clover Pasture, B M. Butler, A.C P. Chu, P.N P. Mathews, C J. Korte

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of grazing intensity and frequency were investigated on a ryegrass/white clover pasture. Large differences in herbage mass between treatments arose mostly from ryegrass reproductive stubble during spring and mid-summer and from dead reproductive stubble during mid-summer and early autumn. Leafy, vegetative pastures were achieved during the reproductive growth period by maintaining a sward residual of less than 500 kg leaf DM/ha (sward height 9 cm) and a grazing interval of less than 14 days (pre-grazing height 20 cm). The evidence suggests that reducing the mass or size of individual reproductive tillers can be equally effective as that of …

Biotechnology In The Improvement Of Forage Crops, Indra K. Vasil

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Major advances in the cellular and molecular biology of plants recently have created new opportunities for the application of the many novel methods of biotechnology to the genetic modification and improvement of crop plants. The techniques of plant cell culture, particularly those allowing the regeneration of plants from single cells, play an important and integral role in the various strategies currently being pursued for plant improvement by unconventional means. In the past, initiation and maintenance of, as well as plant regeneration from, tissue cultures of species of the Gramineae (Poaceae) proved to be difficult. Nevertheless, cultures capable of plant regeneration …

Present State Of Grassland Production And Utilization And Future Perspectives For Grassland Farming In Humid Tropical Asia, I M. Nitis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage in humid tropical Asia consists of natural pasture, crop residues, shrub and tree leaves. Reserch has shown that the yield and quality of such forage can be increased and performance of the livestock utilizing such forage can be improved. Grassland farming contributes to the feed supply for livestock, to conservation, and is one component of an integration, which may increase economic returns and maintain the ecological balance of the region. Future research emphases on companion cropping, three strata forage, development of tidal flooding areas, agroforestry, carbon/nitrogen cyling, pasture persistency, seed production, post harvest, forage utilization and farming modelling are …

Grassland Resources And Future Development Of Grassland Farming In Temperate China, Zhu Tingcheng, Li Jiandong, Zu Yuangang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the first part of the paper the grassland resources in the semiarid area of China are descrived. Grasslands cover 2.86 million km2 of the total territory and 100 million livestock are being raised there. Steppes and meadows are classified into several types according to the ecological types of the dominant species and environments, etc. Area, geographical distribution, community structure, species composition, dynamics, nutritive value of herbages, primary production and utilization of each grassland type are outlined. In the second part, the necessity to promote grassland farming and the possibility of its development are discussed based upon the land, population, …

An Interdisciplinary Approach For Increasing Yield And Improving Quality Of Forages, J R. Wilson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The contribution of some basic plant disciplines, principally physiology and histology, to the improvement of pasture yield and quality is discussed. Studies of temperate pasture grasses have identified several sources of loss of potential yield and have provided selection criteria for increasing yield. Integration of this physiological research with studies of forage consumption on the same pastures is proving a valuable inter- disciplinary approach to defining management options for maximising pasture and/or animal productivity. In tropical grasses, research towards increasing total dry matter yield is perhaps unwarranted but there is need for more co-operative studies involving plant and animal scientists …

Contribution Of Grassland Science To The Development Of Forage Production And Future Perspectives For Grassland Farming In Japan, H Oizumi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The utilization of grassland in Japan dates to fairy old times, but its real improvement in terms of industry did not start until the termination of the World War II. As the climatic conditions in Japan differ very much from those of European coutries, the style of grassland farming in Japan is somewhat different from that of Europe. The improvement of grassland farming in Japan after the World War II was divided into four stages, according to the tendency of the number of cattle and the acreage of forage crops. The Japanese Society of Grassland Science was established in 1954. …

Prospects For Increasing Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation In Temperate Grasslands, P/ Roger Ball, J R. Crush

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The contribution of some basic plant disciplines, principally physiology and histology, to the improvement of pasture yield and quality is discussed. Studies of temperate pasture grasses have identified several sources of loss of potential yield and have provided selection criteria for increasing yield. Integration of this physiological research with studies of forage consumption on the same pastures is proving a valuable inter- disciplinary approach to defining management options for maximising pasture and/or animal productivity. In tropical grasses, research towards increasing total dry matter yield is perhaps unwarranted but there is need for more co-operative studies involving plant and animal scientists …

The Effects Of Plastic Mulch And Irrigation On Hemp Chemistry And Leaf Endophytes, Allison Rietman, Connor Morozumi, Robert C. Pearce, Natalie Christian

Journal of Agricultural Hemp Research

As an emerging crop, cultivation techniques for industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) are still being developed and optimized. For example, irrigation and plastic mulching are some management practices that have been touted for their benefits in improving crop quality. Both techniques ensure ample water availability, which has often been attributed to improving hemp cannabinoid and terpene composition. In this study, we examined how supplemental irrigation implemented in a plastic mulch system influenced the cannabinoid and terpene profiles of one cultivar of CBD hemp, Lifter. We grew industrial hemp in field with plastic mulch and applied regular irrigation to one group …

Characterization Of Pigeonpea As An Alternate Summer Forage Crop In Virginia, Satya S. S. Narina, Glenn Chappell Iii, Harbans L. Bhardwaj

Virginia Journal of Science

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.), a major multifunctional food legume crop valued globally, contributes to food security by supplying protein-rich grain for human consumption and provides nutrient-rich biomass for livestock feeding across diverse production systems. However, little is known about its forage potential in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. In 2009 and 2010, four cultivars (GA-1, GA-2, W-1, and W-3) were evaluated in a split-plot design with three intra-row plant populations (2, 4, or 6 plants per 0.3 m row) and three planting dates (May, June, and July). Forage yield, crude protein, minerals, and other nutritional traits were …

Preliminary Investigation Of Nitrogen Rate Influence On Irrigated Bermudagrass Forage Production, Bronc Finch, Lance Blythe

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) forage production recommendations are often developed in natural environments with available water limitations, often resulting in highly variable responses and lower average responses. As farmland ownership changes and agriculture and irrigation technologies become more affordable the amount of irrigated hay production has increased. While much of the agronomic management does not differ between rain-fed and irrigated environments, nutrient use and uptake dynamics may. This requires a reevaluation and potential adjustment of current recommendations to allow for increased yield potential of irrigated production systems without detrimental impacts on the system. The objective of this study was to identify …

Twenty-Four Year Record Reveals Increasing Discharge In Tributaries To A Key Drinking Water Resource, Shannon Speir, Ireyra G. Tamayo, Alana G. Strauss

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Climate change is altering precipitation patterns worldwide, yielding changes in streamflow and water availability. Increases in storm frequency and intensity, as well as prolonged droughts, may alter the timing and magnitude of flow and nutrient delivery to downstream systems, many of which serve as key drinking water resources. Thus, we must understand long-term changes in streamflow to protect drinking water supplies. Here, we document changes in streamflow delivery to Beaver Lake Reservoir, the key drinking water source in rapidly urbanising Northwest Arkansas. We used publicly available data to analyse flow records in four key tributaries to Beaver Lake from 2000 …

Western Australian And South Australian Grain Enterprise Emission Intensities And Gross Margins: A Review, Christophe D'Abbadie, Ross Kingwell

Farm Systems and Economics research articles

Drawing on various datasets, crop enterprise emission intensities and gross margins are reported for the main broadacre crops grown in Western Australia and South Australia. Values are reported for various rainfall regions and across time, and for different farm performance groupings. As a generalisation, in each region, wheat and canola production display marked increases in emissions intensity across the study period whilst legume crops’ emission intensities increase far less. Wheat crops display upward emission intensity trajectories across time whilst displaying different rates of increase in emissions intensity according to regional rainfall. Canola demonstrates higher emissions intensities per tonne compared to …

Genomic Prediction And Association Mapping Of Early Season Flood Tolerance In Soybean, Caio Canella Vieira, Chengjun Wu, Derrick Harrison, Rafael Marmo, Liliana Florez-Palacios, Andrea Acuna, Daniel Rogers, Samuel B. Fernandes, Igor Fernandes, Grover Shannon, Heng Ye, Henry T. Nguyen

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Flooding has become a major threat to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production as the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitations have been increasing due to climate change. While advances have been made in identifying soybean genetic resources and genomic regions associated with mid-season flood tolerance, there is limited understanding of early season flood tolerance at the vegetative growth stages V2/V4. This study aimed to identify genomic regions associated with early season flood tolerance using a diverse panel of 254 soybean accessions, as well as investigate the viability of implementing genomic prediction models for flood tolerance. Field trials were conducted …

Unraveling Crop Nitrogen-Water Dynamics With Hyperspectral-Thermal Sensing In Northern Central Valley, California, Shahryar Fazli, Surendra Maharjan, Wenzhao Li, Joshua B. Fisher, Rejoice Thomas, Fernando Romero Galvan, Gabriela Shirkey, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Ensuring global food security in the face of climate change requires optimizing crop water use and nutrient management. This study investigates the relationship between canopy nitrogen (N) and evapotranspiration (ET) across sunflower, rice, walnut, alfalfa, and plum crops using advanced remote sensing technologies. High-resolution hyperspectral data from NASAs Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) and thermal multispectral data from the Landsat-based OpenET system were analyzed over 1,135 km² in California. Regression analysis revealed strong spatial association between canopy N and ET for sunflower (R² = 0.82), rice (R² = 0.71), and walnut (R² = 0.68), …

Amaranthus Spp. Control And Sweetpotato Tolerance To Fluridone-Containing Herbicide Programs, Stephen L. Meyers, Katherine M. Jennings, Mark W. Shankle, Jeffrey L. Main

Publications

Click on author name to view affiliation information Article Category: Research Article Online Publication Date: 12 Sept 2025 Page(s): 843 – 847 Volume/Issue: Volume 35: Issue 5 DOI: 10.21273/HORTTECH05727-25

Open Access

Abstract

Field studies were conducted at the Pontotoc Ridge–Flatwoods Branch Experiment Station in Pontotoc, MS, USA and the Horticultural Crops Research Station in Clinton, NC, USA in 2015 to determine pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) control and sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) crop response to fluridone herbicide. Treatments consisted of 168 g·ha⁻¹ a.i. fluridone alone or tank-mixed with 54 g or 107 g·ha⁻¹ a.i. flumioxazin applied pretransplanting, fluridone/flumioxazin …

Wa Insecticide Guide 2025 - Winter Spring, Rebecca Severtson, Andrew Phillips

PestFacts WA

Please note: this second version published in September 2025 replaces the first version published in June 2025.

The insecticides listed in the tables within this guide can be used on any crop appearing on the chemical label, if the rate used does not exceed the highest rate that is registered for use on that crop.

There are many products with different trade names that contain the same active ingredient. This list is not exhaustive and does not imply any specific recommendations of brand names.

Unless otherwise specified, all insecticides listed are emulsifiable concentrates (EC). Other insecticide formulations are suspension concentrate …

Understanding Glufosinate Resistance In Palmer Amaranth And Examination Of Additives For Improved Weed Control, Pamela Carvalho-Moore

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this dissertation was to: 1) provide an in-depth review about the potential use of natural and synthetic glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors to enhance herbicidal activity or induce crop safety; 2) determine if the addition of metabolic inhibitors to glufosinate is an effective approach to enhance weed control; 3) investigate the mechanism conferring resistance to glufosinate in a highly-resistant Palmer amaranth accession; 4) characterize the genomic rearrangement involved in glutamine synthetase 2 amplification in a Palmer amaranth accession resistant to both glufosinate and glyphosate; 5) quantify the distribution of glufosinate resistance among Palmer amaranth accessions within a 15-km …

Meta-Analytic Insights On Cover Crop Weed Suppression In The Midsouthern United States, Amar S. Godar, Jason K. Nprsworthy

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Herbicide resistance poses an escalating challenge to successful weed management in contemporary cropping systems, prompting growing interest in integrated strategies to reduce reliance on herbicides. Although cover cropping has long been recognized for its potential to suppress weeds, it has recently gained renewed attention as a weed management tool and for its ability to help producers achieve broader goals of soil health and environmental sustainability. Although research on its efficacy in the midsouthern United States has accumulated, a meta-analytic synthesis has been lacking. This meta-analysis synthesized 746 effect sizes from 27 peer-reviewed studies (selected based on explicit reporting of weed …

Economic Analysis Of Stockers Grazing Botanically Diverse Summer Annual Pasture, Kelly M. Mercier, Christopher D. Teutsch, S. Ray Smith, Kenneth H. Burdine, Eric S. Vanzant, Edwin L. Ritchey

Journal of Extension

Economic analyses were performed to determine the feasibility of retaining weaned fall-born calves on summer annual pastures (a monoculture, a 3-species mixture, or a 12-species mixture). Average daily gain was reduced by 0.3 lbs/day in calves grazing the complex mixture in two out of three years. Enterprise budgeting illustrated that retaining calves on summer annual forages was not economical. Two-way net return tables indicated that this scenario would only be profitable when cattle prices are high and pasture establishment costs are low. Extension educators should be sure to emphasize the economic risks when discussing these systems.

Phenotypic Evaluation Of F10 Soybean Generations From Grobogan X Slamet Cross For Large Seed Size Selection, Ponendi Hidayat, Nurtiati, Zulfa Ulinnuha, Adellansyah

Jurnal Kultivasi

Soybeans are an important crop with high nutritional value and diverse uses. Current consumer and industry preference is for soybean varieties with large seeds and high productivity. To meet these demands, one effective approach is through hybridization. This study aims to evaluate the phenotype of F10 soybean line from a cross between Grobogan and Slamet for large-seeded and high-yield. The study was conducted in the screenhouse and Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University. The experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, testing genotypes from Slamet x Grobogan crosses and three check …

Effect Of Eco-Enzyme Application On Soil Nutrient And Plant Productivity Of Green Mustard-Peanut In Inceptisol, Idris Abd Rachman, Buhari Umasugi, Krishna Aji, Nurul Fahira A Hakim, Adnan Sofyan, Asrul Dedy Ali Hasan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Appropriate land management has a long-term impact on soil performance and is believed to improve soil fertility. This study investigated the effect of eco-enzymes on soil nutrients and plant productivity of green mustard-peanut in inceptisol. The research was conducted from February to April 2025. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and replicated 3 times, so that there were 15 units, including N0 = without Eco-enzyme, N1 = Eco-enzyme 2cc/L. N2= Eco-enzyme 4cc/L, N3= Eco-enzyme 6cc/L, and N4= Eco-enzyme 8cc/L. The commodities used were green mustard (Brassica juncea L) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn). Soil …

Enhancing Sustainable Rice Production Through Organic Plus Fertilizer In Irrigated Paddy Fields, Oviyanti Mulyani, Emma Trinurani Sofyan, Ania Citraresmini, Benny Joy, Anne Yuliana Husen

Jurnal Kultivasi

Sustainable rice farming is increasingly threatened by declining soil fertility, excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers, and environmental degradation from intensive agricultural practices. There is an urgent need for innovative organic fertilizer products that combine organic materials with macro and micronutrient enhancements to restore soil health effectively. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of organic plus fertilizer (OPF) as a sustainable soil amendment to improve soil nutrient status, increase paddy productivity, and enhance overall soil health. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments: one recommended OPF dose, six combinations of NPK (75 – 100%) …

High Temperature In Potato: Plant Responses And Adaptive Cultivation Strategies To Increase Production, Siska Rahmayani Gultom, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, Kusumiyati

Jurnal Kultivasi

Climate change, with global temperatures rising by 1.09°C from 1850–1900 to 2011–2020, threatens potato production, a critical staple crop, by exceeding the optimal temperature range of 15–20°C. This review synthesizes over 45 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025 from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect to evaluate the physiological, morphological, and tuber quality responses of potatoes to high temperatures and to identify adaptive cultivation strategies for sustainable production. High temperatures reduce photosynthetic efficiency through chlorophyll degradation and stomatal closure, increase respiration, and divert photosynthates to vegetative growth, leading to 18–32% yield losses globally by the 2050s. Heat-tolerant varieties, such as Atlantic …

Optimization Of Rabbit Urine Liquid Organic Fertilizer And Reduced Npk Fertilizer Doses For Improving Growth And Physiology Of Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum L.), Etik Wukir Tini, Rifqi Raditya Kurniawan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) can be used as an alternative fertilizer to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers, especially for shallots, as a national food commodity. This study aims to determine the best concentration of rabbit urine LOF, the best dose of NPK fertilizer dose reduction, and a combination of rabbit urine LOF and NPK fertilizer dose reduction on the physiological characters of shallot plants. The observed variables consisted of net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, stomatal density, stomatal aperture, and chlorophyll content. The experimental results showed that a concentration of 200 mL L-1 of rabbit urine LOF …

Effect Of Potassium Fertilizer On The Nutrition And Physical Quality Of Job’S Tears (Coix Lacryma-Jobi L.) Seeds, Qinthara Nail Haysa, Yuyun Yuwariah, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono

Jurnal Kultivasi

Job's tears is a cereal crop that has beneficial nutrients. Potassium is known to affect the growth and yield of cereal crops, but there has been limited study on whether potassium affects the nutrition and physical quality of Job’s tears seeds. This study aimed to analyze the effect of K fertilizer on the nutritional content and physical quality of Job's tears seeds. This research was conducted from January to May 2024 at Ciparanje Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia. This experiment used the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method with six treatments and four replications. Various doses of …

Effect Of Preharvest Paclobutrazol And Nitrogen Fertilizers On The Sprouting Performance Of ‘Median’ Potato Seed G0 Tuber, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, Rahmat Budiarto, Anne Nuraini, Selika Fitrian Ramadani

Jurnal Kultivasi

Various intensifications of potato cultivation, such as the provision of paclobutrazol and nitrogen (N) fertilizer, are thought to impact the quality of the seeds produced. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different N fertilizer doses and paclobutrazol concentrations applied in the preharvest period on the sprouting performance of G0 potato tuber seeds after storage. Nine treatment combinations, each repeated three times, were tested, using 50%, 100%, and 150% of the recommended N dose and paclobutrazol concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 part per million (ppm), applied at 30 and 45 days after planting, respectively. The interaction effect between …