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2025

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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 1655

Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences

Initial Growth Of Herbages On The Seedbeds With Abundant Crushed Wood Fragments: A New Method Of Ploughless Pasture Establishment In Japan (Ii), S Suzuki, T Sugiura, H Kobayashi Apr 2025

Initial Growth Of Herbages On The Seedbeds With Abundant Crushed Wood Fragments: A New Method Of Ploughless Pasture Establishment In Japan (Ii), S Suzuki, T Sugiura, H Kobayashi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The pasture established by the new ploughless method produces lower levels of herbages in the first year (Sugiura et al., 1987). It is supposed that crushed wood fragments (CWF) arc easily dried in the seedbeds (Sugiura et al., 1986 ; Suzuki et al., 1986). We investigated the effects of the CWF and the water supplying character of the soils on the initial growth of the herbages in the seedbeds.

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A New Method Of Ploughless Pasture Establishment In Japan (I), H Kobayashi, S Suzuki, T Sugiura Apr 2025

A New Method Of Ploughless Pasture Establishment In Japan (I), H Kobayashi, S Suzuki, T Sugiura

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The authors had already planned and tested a new method of ploughless pasture establishment with new machines in a beech forest on the foothill of Mt. Hakkohda in Aomori Prefecture, north-eastern district of Japan since 1983 (Kobayashi, 1985 ; Tanaka et al., 1985; Sugiura et al., 1986; Suzuki et al., 1987; Sugiura et al., 1987). The properties of this method are the stump-cutter (SC) and the bush-cutter (BC) which are new machines for establishing grassland. Owing to these two machines, it is possible to con­verse the natural environment and to reduce establishing costs of grassland. This report refers to a …

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Grassland Improvement By Clover Direct Drilling, Z Hrazdira Apr 2025

Grassland Improvement By Clover Direct Drilling, Z Hrazdira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Besides the production function, grasslands have got also exceptional significance for environmental conditions, such as retention and protection of resources of drinking water,- pre­vention of erosion and devastation of soil. Their non-pro­duction functions are especially irreplaceable on slope grasslands which dominate in our country. The renewal should be a most efficient intervention on the weedy grassland swards without good species. But that tra­ditional technology can not be employed in most cases on slopes, in inundated areas or in submountain and hill regions of our country.

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Methodology To Determine Planting Time In King Grass (Pennisetum Sp.) Using Historical Climatic Indices, J R. Ayala, M Sistachs, R S. Herrera Apr 2025

Methodology To Determine Planting Time In King Grass (Pennisetum Sp.) Using Historical Climatic Indices, J R. Ayala, M Sistachs, R S. Herrera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The determination of planting time by field trials has various disadvantages. These trials should be repeated at least for 3 years comparing different months and the extension of the results is limited. The analysis of the climatic effects would allow a greater generalization with correlations between cli­matic and establishment indices. The season of the year in which the highest number of correlations with monthly histori­cal climatic values are fulfilled is required so as to determine planting time. The objective of the present methodology is to select planting time by using correlations between climatic and establishment indices and the monthly characterization …

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Methods For The Establishment Of Leucaena Leucocoephala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles, N Sistachs, L E. Diaz, G Bernal, J J. Leon Apr 2025

Methods For The Establishment Of Leucaena Leucocoephala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles, N Sistachs, L E. Diaz, G Bernal, J J. Leon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Studies in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world on the factors influencing the establishment and early manage­ment of legume swards as pure cultures have not been carried out integrally. Thus, the objective of the present study was to define the best options of the main components so as to develop a technology for establishing Leucaena leucocephala under our conditions.

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Studies On Seed Storage And Sowing Time Of Leucaena Leucocphala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles Apr 2025

Studies On Seed Storage And Sowing Time Of Leucaena Leucocphala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Germination of stored seeds and sowing time are essential factors that must be known when a technology for pasture utili­zation is required (Febles and Ruiz, 1986; Ruiz and Febles, 1986). Thus, these experiments were set out to learn the per­formance of the seed quality of Leucaena leucocephala cv Peru stored under different conditions and to determine the influence of the sowing time of this species during the rainy season.

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Surface Recultivation Systems Of Grasslands On The Slopes In Czechoslovakia, F Pnacek, Anna Javorkova Apr 2025

Surface Recultivation Systems Of Grasslands On The Slopes In Czechoslovakia, F Pnacek, Anna Javorkova

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Czechoslovakia, the part of extensive used pastures on the slopes is covered by small shrubs and self-sown little trees. Their recultivation by bulldozer is very expensive and often makes erosion. Therefore the special self-propelled machine (MT6-01 l) with the commercial name Kabar-132 with adapter for clearing the grasslands of woods and partly arrange micro relief without damaging the turf was constructed. Special self-propelled machine has an automatic transversally equili­bration of inclination to the horizontal level and hydrostatic driving mechanism with continuous driving regulation of speed from Oto 25 km per hour and it provides its high slope accessi­bility up …

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Factors Influencing Pasture Establishment And Persistence In The Mid-Altitude Zone, Yunnan, Southern China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Ai Hongxin, Chen Xiong Apr 2025

Factors Influencing Pasture Establishment And Persistence In The Mid-Altitude Zone, Yunnan, Southern China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Ai Hongxin, Chen Xiong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The mid-altitude zone in Yunnan Province of SW China ranges from 1500-2500 m in altitude and has a climate inter­grading between sub-tropical and temperate with a mean temp. of 7-10°C in the coldest month and 19-22 °C in the hottest month. The annual rainfall ranges from 800-1200 mm with 80 % falling in the monsoon period, May to September. About 80 % of the total 39.4 m ha of the province is in this very hilly mid-altitude zone. (He et al., 1982) Native grassland vegetation is dominated by Themeda trianda, Arundinella radoli, Imperata cylindrica and some other grasses such as …

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The Effect Of Depth Of Seeding And Soil Crusting On Germination And Establishment Of Seven Pasture Grass Species, Jane R. King, C Bladen Apr 2025

The Effect Of Depth Of Seeding And Soil Crusting On Germination And Establishment Of Seven Pasture Grass Species, Jane R. King, C Bladen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Many pasture grass species because of their small seed size are difficult to establish. Seeding at a greater depth in order to access moisture lower in the soil profile may increase seed ger­mination but will not necessarily facilitate emergence and establishment. The direct relationship between seed size and emergence vigour has yet to be quantified for a number of grasses commonly used for pasture in the parkland district of central Alberta. These experiments were designed to examine the detrimental effects that increasing seeding depth may have on emergence and establishment. In addition, the ability to emerge through an artificial crust …

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Effects Of Seeding Time And Nitrogen Fertilizer On Snow Damage Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam), Y Watanabe, T Shioya, T Yukawa Apr 2025

Effects Of Seeding Time And Nitrogen Fertilizer On Snow Damage Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam), Y Watanabe, T Shioya, T Yukawa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Japan, Italian rycgrass is accepted as livestock feed. How­ever, in Hokuriku district, one of the heaviest snow fall area in the world, lhe survival of Italian ryegrass in winter is frequently affected by the prolonged, deep snow cover. So far, some experiments on the mechanisms of the snow damage of vvinter crops have been conducted, and several factors related to the snow damage have been clarified. In the cultivation method, il is said Lhat seeding Lime, nitrogen fertil­izer and cutting influence the snow damage. In physiological aspects, non structural carbohydrate content is associated with the snow damage. In this …

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Results Of Overseeing Natural Grasslands On Dry Solonetz Soil, G Nagy Apr 2025

Results Of Overseeing Natural Grasslands On Dry Solonetz Soil, G Nagy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Hungary, 25.8% of the total grasslands can be found on sodic soils, 12.6% of which arc on solonetz soils. Because of the poor soil conditions (low nutrient content, heavy compacted clay soil, high Na content etc.) the composition of natural sward is unfavourable, yields are extremely low, which makes possible only extensive grazing management. In our experiments, we try to intensify the natural grasslands of dry solonetz soils by overseeding.

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Establishment Of Early Winter Seeding Of Forages In Cold Regions Of Japan, J Maruyama, K Fukunaga Apr 2025

Establishment Of Early Winter Seeding Of Forages In Cold Regions Of Japan, J Maruyama, K Fukunaga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Eastern Hokkaido is located in the southern end of the sub­frigid zone. It has a very cold winter, although the summer is reasonably warm and humid. The annual temperature ranges between -25 °C and 30 °C, averaging about 7 °C in Obihiro. The precipitation averages about 900 mm per year. Soil freez­ing is very common in this area. Therefore, there is general agreement among workers that forage seeding in eastern Hokkaido must be confined to spring or summer. But the success of seeding is highly dependent upon the moisture con­tent of the soil. For example, in some years in eastern …

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Integrating Crop And Pasture In A High Rainfall Environment In South Eastern Australia, P Dowling Apr 2025

Integrating Crop And Pasture In A High Rainfall Environment In South Eastern Australia, P Dowling

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In traditional pasture areas, there is little economic oppor­tunity to provide a 'clean' seedbed for replanting of new pas­ture. This is thought to enable the carry over of weed seed from the old to the new pasture phase resulting in premature decline of the improved pasture. The growing of a crop or crop rotation at the end of the old pasture phase however, would utilize improved soil fertility and enable the pasture sequence to be broken, thereby increasing the probability of a 'clean' seedbed (Reeves, 1984). Grazing oats has been used in this role but the alternative of selecting crops …

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Improving Seed Pellets For Grassland Renovation, H Hirota, N Fukuyama, T Kanno Apr 2025

Improving Seed Pellets For Grassland Renovation, H Hirota, N Fukuyama, T Kanno

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

More than twelve hundred public pastures have been estab­lished since I 960's in Japan, totalling some 0.6 mil. ha located in highland areas to raise cattle. Now most of them need reno­vation because of low productivity. This is due to mismanage­ment, insect attack, weed invasion and under-utilization, etc. But complete tilling is not advocated on slope sites as it is in danger of soil erosion after reseeding. Several methods h��ve been proposed to renovate the deteriorated pastures, e.g. usmg herbicides (Blackmore, 1965), burning (Sawada et al., 1986), surface tilling (White, 1973), surface sowing with phosphate and lime (Cullen, 1966) and …

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Establishment Of 'Mott" Dwarf Elephantgrass In A Semi-Arid Climate, W R. Ocumpaugh Apr 2025

Establishment Of 'Mott" Dwarf Elephantgrass In A Semi-Arid Climate, W R. Ocumpaugh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

'Mott' dwarf clcphantgrass [Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schum.] was evaluated as line N75 and released as germplasm from the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton. Georgia USA, as Tift N75 (Hanna, 1987). Extensive research in Florida, USA has demonstrated the superior quality aspects of Mott elcphantgrass with average daily gains of approxi­mately l kg (Mott and Ocumpaugh, 1984; Sollenberger et al. 1987). Establishment of dwarf elephantgrass has been reported to be more difficult than tall elephantgrass (Woodard et al., 1985; Sollenberger et al., 1987). Placement of stem pieces in the soil at a 45° ��ngle, horizontal or vertical, did not …

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Somatic Embryogenesis From Mature Embryo Of Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron Elongatum) And Effects Of Nacl On Induction And Growth Of Callus From Its Different Explants, Shi Decheng, Xi Ti, Zhu Tingcheng Apr 2025

Somatic Embryogenesis From Mature Embryo Of Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron Elongatum) And Effects Of Nacl On Induction And Growth Of Callus From Its Different Explants, Shi Decheng, Xi Ti, Zhu Tingcheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since it has been found that the plant regeneration of gra­mineous plants can be realized through somatic embryo genesis, a great development of tissue culture is obtained not only in cereals but also in grasses, which makes possible the genetic engineering and production of artificial seed. In addition, a progress has been made in selection of various valuable mutants by inducing calli or cells cultured to vary. For exam­ple, Zhou (1986) by inducing tobacco tissue on a medium con­taining 0.5 % NaCl has got NaCl-tolerant callus; then the callus were selected by increasing progressively the concen­tration of NaCl and finally …

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Forage Crop Improvement Through Biotechnology, S S. Croughan Apr 2025

Forage Crop Improvement Through Biotechnology, S S. Croughan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is a perennial forage grass grown on over 10 million ha worldwide. In the southern United States, it is used extensively for grazing and the production of hay. It is a well adapted grass, but improvements in traits such as forage quality and pest resistance are needed. Much vari­ation in the nutritional value exists between genotypes. Tissue culture offers a method for the production of improved germ­plasm. Most plants regenerated from callus cultures will vary from the original variety from which they were derived. This phenomenon is referred to as somaclonal variation and can be …

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Obtention Of King Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Clones From Tissue Culture. Selection And Evaluation Of Mutants, R O. Martinez, M Monzote, R S. Herraera, R Cruz, V Torres Apr 2025

Obtention Of King Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Clones From Tissue Culture. Selection And Evaluation Of Mutants, R O. Martinez, M Monzote, R S. Herraera, R Cruz, V Torres

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

King grass (2n = 28) is widely used in Cuba for forage pro­duction. The increase in the variability of this species is there­fore of special interest in agriculture. Tissue culture as a tech­nique to produce and select somaclones from the king grass donor was used to obtain variability. These were obtained when the apical meristems were cultivated in MS medium with 3 mg/I of 2,4 D to regenerate the plants with different hormonal combinations. Those of 0.1 mg/! of kinetine (Martinez, 1986) were prominent. The variability in the selection and evaluation processes is exposed in this paper.

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Forage Grass Plant Modification Through Tissue Culture, Haploids And Doubled Haploids, M J. Kasperbauer Apr 2025

Forage Grass Plant Modification Through Tissue Culture, Haploids And Doubled Haploids, M J. Kasperbauer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a widely-grown cool-season forage grass (Buckner and Bush, 1979). It is wind­pollinated and generally selfsinfertile. Plants are highly hetero­zygous and improvement through conventional breeding is very slow. Therefore, use of tissue culture, haploids and doubled haploids offers an approach to accelerate the genetic improvement.

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Tissue Culture Of Timothy (Phleum Pratensis L.), H Nakashima Apr 2025

Tissue Culture Of Timothy (Phleum Pratensis L.), H Nakashima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Timothy (Phleum pratensis L.) is one of the most important grasses in Hokkaido, northern island of Japan, because of its winter hardiness and ability to give good quality hay. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology of plant encourage to apply biotechnology not only to food crops but also to fod­der crops (Vasil, 1985). To create new breeding materials, somaclonal variation, embryo rescue from wide cross and pro­toplast fusion have been studied extensively. In vitro propa­gation is re-emphasized as a basic requirement for all aspects of plant biotechnology in relation to agriculture. This serial studies have been carried out to …

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Trisomic Red Clover, N L. Taylor Apr 2025

Trisomic Red Clover, N L. Taylor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The primary reason for producing trisomic red clover is for gene mapping. Although the methodology for producing trisomics has long been established, little research has been conducted in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Likewise, very few gene mapping investigations except for some early data by Williams (1937) have been reported. The program at the University of Kentucky that suggested the possibility of using trisomics for gene mapping was the attempted production of tetraplo'ids (2n = 4x = 28) via 2x-4x and 4x-2x crosses using gametic non-reduction. Some of these crosses produced triplo'ids (2n = 3x = 21 or 22) …

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Study On Tissue Culture And Plantlet Regeneration From Cotyledonary Nodes And Immature Embryoes In Trifolium Lupinaster L., Gao Zhensheng, Hong Fuzeng Apr 2025

Study On Tissue Culture And Plantlet Regeneration From Cotyledonary Nodes And Immature Embryoes In Trifolium Lupinaster L., Gao Zhensheng, Hong Fuzeng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Regenerated plantlets of fourteen clover species have been obtained from tissue and cell cultures by the scientists in different countries. The results concerning Trifolium lupinaster L. ( one of the native clovers in the northeast of China). culture are rarely reported at present.

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Tissue Culture Techniques For Maintenance And Distribution Of Germplasm Of Tropical Grasses, T J. Ruredzo, J Hanson Apr 2025

Tissue Culture Techniques For Maintenance And Distribution Of Germplasm Of Tropical Grasses, T J. Ruredzo, J Hanson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Conservation of germplasm has relied on the principle that seeds can be stored for long periods under cold, dry conditions. However, some plants which are vegetatively propagated sel­dom produce viable seeds. Until recently the only means of conservation of these species was vegetatively in field gene­banks, where the plants require considerable space, careful management and are at risk from pests and diseases. These include the tropical grasses Cynodon and Digitaria which are very important forage species in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. In vitro culture techniques have considerable potential for use in management of germplasm. Recent advances in …

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Polynucleate Pollen Formation In Cultured Medicago Sativa L. Anthers, M Piccirilli, G J. Tanner, S Arcioni Apr 2025

Polynucleate Pollen Formation In Cultured Medicago Sativa L. Anthers, M Piccirilli, G J. Tanner, S Arcioni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The induction of non-physiological divisions in microspores through in vitro culture of anthers or pollen grains has led to the production of haploid plants in many species. However, there are still a large number of species in which haploid plants have not yet been obtained from generative cells. One of these species is Medicago sativa L., despite the great success attained in the regeneration of plants via tissue or protoplast culture. This work was conducted with the aim of studying the cond­itions to induce in vitro development in M. sativa microspores, as a first step in obtaining haploid plants through …

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Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation In Forage Legumes, F Damiani, F Pupilli, S Arcioni, M Pezzotti Apr 2025

Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation In Forage Legumes, F Damiani, F Pupilli, S Arcioni, M Pezzotti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Plant transformation is a promising tool for plant breeding. It allows the introgression in the plant genome of alien genes. At the moment few, if any, genes of agronomical value have been cloned and are available for genetic engineering works ; on the contrary, some genes encoding for antibiotic resistance are available. The use of these genes allows an easy detection of transformation events and confers useful characters for in vitro selection. A direct application of antibiotic resistance is in the selection of hybrid colonies after protoplast fusion ofparentals resistant to different antibiotics. Transformation using Agrobacterium tumef aciens or Agrobacterium …

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An In Vitro Chromosome Doubling Method For Interspecific Hybrids Of Trifolium, Claire Moussett-Declas, J A. Anderson, Elisabeth G. Williams, N L. Taylor Apr 2025

An In Vitro Chromosome Doubling Method For Interspecific Hybrids Of Trifolium, Claire Moussett-Declas, J A. Anderson, Elisabeth G. Williams, N L. Taylor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Over 60 interspecific hybrids have been made in the genus Trifolium (Cleveland, 1985), some of them representing attempts to introduce persistance or pest resistance into culti­vated clovers. Most of these hybrids, however, have been ster­ile. To attempt to restore fertility, colchicine methods have been applied to mature hybrid plants in vivo, but with limited success. A routine, simple technique for chromosome doubling in vegetative meristems is therefore still required, particularly for sterile hybrid materials which are available as mature veg­etative clones rather than seed. We have adapted for use with clover hybrids the in vitro chromosome doubling technique used by …

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Plant Regeneration By Somatic Embryogensis From Leaf Explants Of Digitaria Eriantha (Steud) Subsp. Eriantha, M Paula Watt, D J. Mycock, C F. Cresswell Apr 2025

Plant Regeneration By Somatic Embryogensis From Leaf Explants Of Digitaria Eriantha (Steud) Subsp. Eriantha, M Paula Watt, D J. Mycock, C F. Cresswell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The most important objective of pasture planning in Southern Africa is to provide grazing during the winter dry months when veld production is either low or of poor quality. Digitaria eriantha (Steud) subsp eriantha is an indigenous per­ennial grass which is drought tolerant and retains its high palat­ability after winter frosts. The successful establishment of this grass as winter forage in the dryland rural areas is, however, impaired by its requirement for fertilizer dressing in the form of nitrogen and phosphate. A considerable amount of research has been undertaken in our laboratory on the growth, photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of …

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A New Mutant With Open Corolla Tube In Red Clover, L Spiss, Halina Goral Apr 2025

A New Mutant With Open Corolla Tube In Red Clover, L Spiss, Halina Goral

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Floral modifications which may promote bee foraging on leguminous forage crops are always interesting to plant breeders since they may contribute to increased seed setting. Reports related to the length of corolla tube, nectar volume, and its availibility in red clover, including tetraploid forms, have been quite frequent in the literature for many decades. Other corolla tube modifications in this species have been described very rarely (Jablonski, 1974, Taylor and Snead, 1986). The purpose of this paper is to describe corolla tube modifications found in red clover and their usefulness in improving bee pollination.

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Apomixis And Sexuality In Brachiaria I. Biochemical And Cytoembriological Studies, R Cruz, W Miles, J W. Roca, G De La Cruz, H Ramirez Apr 2025

Apomixis And Sexuality In Brachiaria I. Biochemical And Cytoembriological Studies, R Cruz, W Miles, J W. Roca, G De La Cruz, H Ramirez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The characteristics of Brachiaria such as variability, adequate adaptation to poor soils and its reproductive sexual­apomitic system justify the emphasis made for its genetic improvement for reducing the limitations of the most import­ant varieties. Presently, it is one of the most important genera in the tropics (Lavidan, 1988) with an ample germplasm which needs to be studied and characterized. The objective of this work was to contribute to the identifi­cation of the species and ecotypes using isoenzymatic patterns and to learn the levels of sexuality and apomixis of the ecotypes used.

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Sex Linkage Of Growth And Forage Attributes In Buffalograss (Buchloe Dactyloides), J A. Quinn Apr 2025

Sex Linkage Of Growth And Forage Attributes In Buffalograss (Buchloe Dactyloides), J A. Quinn

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. is a perennial, sod-form­ing shortgrass of central North America (Hitchcock, 1951), thriving under semiarid conditions and increasing under mod­erate to heavy grazing (Quinn, 1987). The species is largely dioecious, and sex ratios are either 1 : 1 or female-biased (Quinn and Engel, 1986). Isolated plants under controlled conditions are strictly male, strictly female, or monoecious (0 to 20 %, depending on the population). Over the last half-century, buffalograss has been widely used in central North America for reseeding depleted rangelands and for erosion control (Quinn, 1985), and recently it has received renewed attention as a turf …

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